Analysis of Weight Control among Overweight and Obese Iranian Adolescents: Application of the Trans-theoretical Model (original) (raw)
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Weight management behaviors in a sample of Iranian adolescent girls
Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 2015
Purpose Attempts to obtain the ideal body shape portrayed in advertising can result in behaviors that lead to an unhealthy reduction in weight. This study was designed to identify contributing factors that may be effective in changing the behavior of a sample of Iranian adolescents. Methods Three hundred fifty adolescent girls from high schools in Kerman, Iran participated in a cross-sectional study based on a self-administered questionnaire. Multifactorial logistic regression modeling was used to identify the factors influencing each of the contributing factors for body management methods, and a decision tree model was constructed to identify individuals who were more or less likely to change their body shape. Results Approximately one-third of the adolescent girls had attempted dieting, and 37 % of them had exercised to lose weight. The logistic regression model showed that pressure from their mother and the media; father's education level; and body mass index (BMI) were important factors in dieting. BMI and perceived pressure from the media were risk factors for attempting exercise. Conclusions BMI and perceived pressure from relatives, particularly mothers, and the media were important factors in attempts by adolescent girls to lose weight.
Barriers to a healthy lifestyle among obese adolescents: a qualitative study from Iran
Abstract Purpose Existing data show a rising prevalence of overweight and obesity among Iranian adolescents. The current study investigates adolescents’ perceptions regarding overweight/obesity and explores barriers to a healthy life style among Iranian adolescents. Methods A grounded theory approach was used for analyzing the participants’ experiences, and their perceptions. To collect data, semi-structured focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were conducted with 51 adolescents (27 girls and 24 boys), aged 15–17 years, who were either overweight or obese. Qualitative content analysis of the data was conducted manually and differences in coding were resolved via discussion by four independent reviewers. Results Two main barriers, personal and environmental emerged from data analysis. Positive perception of condition, priority of studying, lack of willingness, unsatisfactory results, low self-esteem, and perceived lack of control were the major personal barriers while lack of family and cultural support, inadequate education and scarcity of resources were the common environmental barriers to adolescents’ healthy lifestyles. Conclusions Findings demonstrated the main personal and environmental barriers for a healthy life style as perceived by adolescents. Understanding these barriers might contribute to existing literature by providing evidence from a different culture, and help to design effective preventive strategies, and implement appropriate interventions. Keywords Barriers - Life style - Adolescents - Obesity - Overweight - Qualitative study
Abstract Introduction: Current data shows that most interventions in the field of obesity prevention among adolescents have not achieved their goals. Understanding the obesity process, and designing context-based interventions, is essential. Comprehending the lack of related studies from Iran, this study was conducted to explain the obesity process in Iranian adolescents and to test a model designed for obesity prevention. Material and methods: This triangulation study (a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods) was conducted in two consecutive phases, the first of which included two stages. In the first phase, using the grounded theory approach, the obesity process in adolescents was explained; a total of 72 adolescents, mothers and related experts participated in deep interviews and focus group discussions. Data analysis was then conducted, in three steps, manually using constant comparative methods, the open, axial and selective coding and to determine data trustworthiness, we assessed credibility, dependability, confirmability and transferability; in the second stage of this phase, based on the initial theoretical concepts, the preventional model of obesity-related behavior in adolescents was determined. During the first stage of the second phase, to assess predicting factors of adolescents’ obesity, a questionnaire was developed and its face, content and construct validity were evaluated, with reliability being assessed based on stability and internal consistency. In the last step of current phase, the relation between model constructs was assessed using the structural equation model. Findings: Based on constant comparative analysis of data, the “Theory of Obesity-Related Behaviors in Adolescents” emerged, of which the core concept was “Motivation Loss”. The main constructs of motivational-based model for Prevention of Obesity-Related Behaviors in Adolescents are “modification of obesity-related behaviors”, “resolution and revision of priorities”, “realitybased self evaluation”, “self control and goal-oriented expectations”, “cognition and perception of threat” and “environmental and social support”. Qualitative and quantitative face validity of the questionnaire were confirmed. Qualitative content validity was confirmed by a panel of experts. The content validity ratio and content validity index scores being above 0.6 and 0.7 respectively for all items thereby confirming the quantitative content validity of the questionnaire. Our findings regarding exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the presented model. Total variance explained was 49.9. The results of structural equation model show that the optimum model was matched to the presented grounded theory and reasonably confirmed by related indices. Conclusion: Motivating adolescents to healthy behaviors and weight control is the main concern of prevention of obesity-related behaviors in this group. The motivational-based model which presented by current study could be considered as an effective conceptual framework to design and implement interventions aimed at preventing obesity in adolescents. Key words: Adolescents, Obesity-related behaviors, Grounded theory, Prevention, Motivation, Qualitative study
In recent decades, the prevalence of obesity among adolescent has risen sharply worldwide. High prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescent has been reported in developing countries undergoing nutritional transition. Adolescents overweight and obesity usually lead to adulthood overweight and obesity and it is an important risk factor of adulthood chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity and its associated factors amongst Iranian adolescents residing overseas, namely in Malaysia. Cross sectional study was conducted among 161 adolescents (84 males and 77 females) age 14 to 18 years old attending Iranian Schools in Malaysia. Validated self-administered questionnaires were employed in this study. The study found prevalence of overweight and obesity was 49.7% (male 52.4% and female46.8%). The study also revealed that there were significant association between overweight and obesity with grade of study (χ²=19.17, p=0.02) and level of physical activity (χ²=16.15, p=0.001). Among male adolescents there were significant association with parents education (mothers’ education: 2=4.77, p=0.029, fathers’ education: 2=7.5, p=0.006), but there were no association between overweight and obesity among female adolescent with parent education (mothers’: 2=1.4, p>0.23, fathers’ education: 2=1.45, p>0.24). The study also revealed there were no significant association between overweight and obesity with family income in both genders (2=7.5, p>0.006).The finding also showed that prevalence of overweight and obesity were high among Iranian adolescents residing overseas compare to adolescents at their homeland. There is need to address the risk factors associated with overweight and obesity among this group of adolescents.
Child: Care, Health and Development, 2007
Background This study was conducted to assess the national prevalence of different grades of nutritional status (underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity) among Iranian school-students and to compare the prevalence of overweight and obesity using three different sets of criteria. Methods This cross-sectional national survey was conducted on a representative sample of 21 111 school students including 10 253 boys (48.6%) and 10 858 girls (51.4%) aged 6-18 years, selected by multistage random cluster sampling from urban (84.6%) and rural (15.4%) areas of 23 provinces in Iran The percentage of subjects in the corresponding body mass index (BMI) categories of the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) and the obtained national percentiles were assessed and compared. Results There was no gender differences in BMI, but was higher in boys living in urban than in rural areas (18.4 Ϯ 3.88 vs. 17.86 Ϯ 3.66 kg/m 2 respectively, P < 0.05). The prevalence of underweight was 13.9% (8.1% of boys and 5.7% of girls) according to the CDC percentiles, and 5% (2.6% of boys and 2.4% of girls) according to the obtained percentiles. According to the CDC, IOTF and national cut-offs, the prevalence of overweight was 8.82%, 11.3% and 10.1% respectively; and the prevalence of obesity was 4.5%, 2.9% and 4.79% respectively. The prevalence of overweight was highest (10.98%) in the 12-year-old group and that of obesity (7.81%) in the 6-year-old group. The kappa correlation coefficient was 0.71 between the CDC and IOTF criteria, 0.64 between IOTF and national cut-offs, and 0.77 between CDC and national cut-offs.
The Indonesian Biomedical Journal, 2014
BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity is now ranked fifth as a global risk for the cause of death. Urban lifestyle is fueled by excessive food intake and lack of activity in overweight and obese children. The assessment of the children’s Body Mass Index (BMI) is one of the indicators to assess the nutritional status of children. One strategy that can be used is the transtheoretical model (TTM) approach which is behavior change that helps children and parents in making more effective decisions to reduce health-risk behaviors among children so that the children’s BMI can decrease. This study aims to identify the differences between children's BMI before and after the TTM approach.METHODS: This research was conducted in the district area of Tamalanrea and Biringkanaya, Makassar. The design used is the Quasy Experiment namely pre- and post-test with control group design. Research subjects were overweight or obese children in the 4th, 5th, and 6th grade of elementary school. The samples...
Weight status among Iranian adolescents: Comparison of four different criteria
Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, 2013
Obesity or being overweight is a major health problem in Iran. Only few studies are available that compare the obesity prevalence by four different available criteria. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Isfahani adolescents based on four different definitions. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 3002 Isfahani students (1377 males; 1625 females) aged 11-18 years. Anthropometric measurements including weight and height were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Sex-specific BMI-for-age reference data of the Iranian national data, Center for Disease Control data (CDC2000), International Obesity taskforce data (IOTF), and recent World Health Organization (WHO) data was used to define overweight and obesity. The mean age of the studied population was 14.8 years and the mean BMI was 20.3 kg/m(2). Girls were on an average 1.4 years older and had almost one unit higher BMI than boys. Underweight was prevalent among almo...
ARYA atherosclerosis, 2012
BACKGROUND: The present study describes the methods of developing and validating two questionnaires that will be used to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice of adults, children and adolescents regarding obesity. METHODS: To design the questionnaires, we used the components of the Health Belief Model. The questionnaire for adults consisted of 6 sections with 50 questions. The questionnaire for children and adolescents included 7 sections and 52 questions. The questionnaires were assessed for face validity, content validity, and clarity of the items. To determine the internal consistency reliability of the questionnaires, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was measured for 100 questionnaires. Using the correlation coefficient, we determined the equivalent reliability of the study tools. RESULTS: The Cronbach's alpha coefficient ranged between 0.60 and 0.80 for the whole questionnaires. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the questionnaires for adults, children and a...
Collegium antropologicum, 2010
Defining "healthy weight" is not easy and for an adolescent with all concerns about newly developing physiognomy it is even harder. The aim of this study was to find out the frequency of obesity and the association between the body mass index (BMI), weight-control behaviors and self-perceived body weight status in high school students of a southern city of Turkey. The students from 10 schools were randomly selected among 46,271 students of 72 high schools in Adana from 1999 to 2000. The response rate was 94.8% (2352/2480). The Turkish version of Youth Risk Behavior Survey Questionnaire (YRBSQ) was completed by the students. The students' weights and heights were measured. The mean age was 16.5 +/- 1.0 years of age (range = 14-21 years). The mean BMI was 21.0 +/- 3.1, 25.5% of students were underweight, 65.7% were normal, 6.4% were overweight and 2.3% were obese (p = 0.0001). Of all students, 24.3% defined themselves as thin, 45.3% as normal, 24.9% as overweight and 5.5...
International journal of preventive medicine, 2013
This study compares the Center for Disease Control (CDC) and International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) references in assessment of overweight and obesity among Iranian adolescents. The data of this study was drawn from a cross sectional study of a representative sample of 1200 adolescents aged 12-17 years in Babol, northern Iran. A standard procedure was used to measure height and weight and the body mass index was calculated. Each subject was classified as overweight and obese based on IOTF cut off values of BMI and CDC references BMI percentile sets by age and sex. The kappa coefficients were estimated for the degree of agreement. In assessment of obesity/overweight prevalence, the CDC and IOTF references produced a similar estimate by age group and sex. The maximum differences was about 1% and the kappa coefficients was 0.96 to 1 (P = 0.001). While for assessment of obesity, the CDC reference produced slightly a higher rate of obesity and the difference in prevalence between the tw...