Patent Foramen Ovale Closure Without Echocardiography (original) (raw)
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International Journal of Cardiology, 2009
Ultrasound guided patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure has traditionally utilized transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) under general anaesthesia. Some centres use fluoroscopic guidance alone to facilitate day case PFO closure. Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) is performed via femoral vein access using an 11 Fr sheath providing accurate guidance without the necessity for general anaesthesia. The safety and feasibility of PFO closure using ICE guidance as a day case procedure have not been documented.
JACC. Cardiovascular interventions, 2009
We sought to assess the safety and clinical efficacy of patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure under fluoroscopic guidance only, without intraprocedural echocardiography. Percutaneous PFO closure has been shown to be safe and feasible using several devices. It is generally performed using simultaneously fluoroscopic and transesophageal or intracardiac echocardiographic guidance. Transesophageal echocardiography requires sedation or general anesthesia and intubation to avoid aspiration. Intracardiac echocardiography is costly and has inherent risks. Both lengthen the procedure. The Amplatzer PFO Occluder (AGA Medical Corporation, Golden Valley, Minnesota) can be safely implanted without echocardiographic guidance. A total of 620 patients (51 +/- 12 years; 66% male) underwent PFO closure using the Amplatzer PFO Occluder for secondary prevention of presumed paradoxical embolism. Based on size and mobility of the PFO and the interatrial septum, an 18-mm device was used in 50 patients, a 25-...
European Journal of Echocardiography, 2010
To evaluate the use of intracardiac echocardiography probe through oesophageal route (ICE-TEE) for the monitoring of percutaneous foramen ovale (PFO) closure procedure. Methods and results The study was conducted in 50 patients divided into two groups: in group I (n ¼ 24), accuracy of ICE-TEE in assessing the inter-atrial septum (IAS) was compared with standard TEE, and in group II, we used ICE-TEE to monitor 26 consecutive patients referred for PFO closure. In group I, IAS was constantly visualized with a close correlation between ICE-TEE and standard TEE for IAS excursion (r ¼ 0.9, P , 0.0001). In group II, ICE-TEE allowed to rule out four patients (three without PFO and one with septal atrial defect associated) and identified three complications during PFO closure procedure (pericardial effusion, inadequate device deployment, and cardiac thrombus). Finally, device implantation was successfully performed in the 22 patients with no residual shunt and thrombus observed after 3 months. Conclusion ICE-TEE could be used to monitor PFO closure procedure.
Echocardiography, 2008
Background: Previous studies have shown that mechanical and electronic intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) improves ultrasound monitoring during transcatheter patent foramen ovale (PFO) interventional closure. Objectives: This study sought to compare the procedural data, clinical imaging quality, and effectiveness PFO closure by using two different ICE monitoring modalities. Methods: Patients referred for PFO closure (n = 82) were randomly assigned to mechanical (group 1) or electronic (group 2) ICE monitoring of Amplatzer device implantation. The digital ICE images were evaluated offline by means of absolute visual grading analysis score (VGAS abs), and the residual shunting at follow-up were assessed by means of contrast echocardiographic studies, all blinded regarding the ICE closure monitoring modality. Results: The two groups were comparable with respect to clinical baseline characteristics, intracardiac fossa ovalis measurements, and procedural data (fluoroscopy time, procedure time and measurement of the amount of radiation that the patients absorbed). The total VGAS abs ranked the mechanical clinical images in a higher order than the electronic ones (3.78 ± 0.09 vs 3.58 ± 0.12, P = 0.005); additionally, three patients (7.3%) of group 2 needed to cross over to mechanical ICE monitoring because a right-convex atrial septal aneurysm configured itself incompletely. No differences in rates of residual shunting were observed at 12 months follow-up between the two groups (97.5% vs 94.7%, P = 0.951). Conclusions: Electronic monitoring of PFO closure performed a less diagnostic impact than the mechanical one while maintaining comparable procedural data and clinical outcome. These results represent an important step in validating these new intracardiac ultrasound imaging modalities.
Revista Brasileira de Cardiologia Invasiva (English Edition), 2015
Background: Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is the most widely used method to guide the percutaneous treatment of atrial septal defect (ASD) and patent foramen ovale (PFO), but the necessity of another professional to perform it and the need for general anesthesia are potential disadvantages. Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) is seen as an alternative to TEE, as it can be performed by the interventionist and requires only local anesthesia with mild or no sedation. The aim of this study was to report our experience with ASD/PFO occlusion guided by ICE. Methods: The ICE uses an ultrasound catheter, which is intravenously inserted in the right heart chambers and acquires images for the intervention through variable positioning of the transducer. Success and complication rates of the procedure were evaluated. Results: From 2011 to 2015, 201 procedures guided by ICE were performed, comprising 139 in patients with ASD and 62 in those with PFO. Most patients were female (64.2%), ages ranged from 7 to 78 years (36.6 ± 19.3 years), and weight ranged from 28 to 92 kg (62.5 ± 13.0 kg). Occlutech Figulla ® prostheses were used and all interventions were successful, with fluoroscopy time of 5.7 ± 2.4 minutes and procedure time of 21.5 ± 6.4 minutes. Two patients (2.0%) had transient supraventricular tachycardia and two others had arteriovenous fistula at the access site, with spontaneous resolution in the first month of follow-up. Conclusions: ICE provided accurate anatomical information to guide the closure of the ASD/PFO and successfully eliminated the main drawbacks of TEE.
European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging, 2014
Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) in cryptogenic cerebrovascular events is an alternative to medical therapy. The interpretation of residual shunts after implantation of different devices for PFO with different morphologies is controversial. Methods and results Transcatheter PFO closure was performed in 123 patients with a history of ≥1 paradoxical embolism using three different devices: Amplatzer (n ¼ 46), Figulla Occlutech (n ¼ 41), and Atriasept Cardia (n ¼ 36). Fifty-six patients presented with simple PFO and 67 patients had complex morphologies. All patients were studied with contrast enhanced transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) before interventional procedure and thereafter at 1 and 6 months and every 6-12 months in case of incomplete closure. Definite closure was confirmed in at least two consecutive TEE studies. Various PFO morphologies were identified by TEE before device implantation. The device size to PFO diameter ratio was significantly increased in patients with complex PFO compared with those patients with a simple PFO morphology (P , 0.05). The difference between the closure rate of S-PFO and C-PFO concerning each device type was significant (Amplatzer P ¼ 0.0027, Figulla P ¼ 0.0043, and Atriasept P , 0.01). The mean follow-up period was 3.4 years (median 2.7 years) with a cerebrovascular re-event rate of 2.4% per year. In three patients, thrombi were detected in the 6-month TEE controls and resolved after medical therapy. In three other patients, the implantation of an adjunctive device was necessary for residual shunt. Conclusion In our series of patients, the closure rate was dependent on PFO morphology more than occluder size and type. An adjunctive device was implanted in selected cases.
European Journal of Echocardiography, 2009
Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a relatively common congenital condition which has been implicated in cryptogenic stroke as a result of paradoxical thromboembolism by right-to-left shunting. Many studies have demonstrated that transcatheter PFO closure significantly reduced the incidence of recurrent strokes in a small group of high-risk patients with PFO and atrial septal aneurysm compared with antithrombotic drugs. Two-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography (2D TEE) has become the election technique for guiding patent foramen ovale closure. Real-time Three-dimensional transoesophageal echocardiography (3D TEE) may be potentially superior to 2D TEE in the accurate assessment of the morphology and efficacy of transcatheter closure devices because of a better spacial orientation.