Poultry Manure Addition Affects Production, Plant Nutritional Status and Heavy Metals Accumulation in Green Amaranth (Amaranthus hybridus) (original) (raw)
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Effect of NPK and Poultry Manure on Growth, Yield, and Proximate Composition of Three Amaranths
The study compares the growth, yield, and proximate composition of Amaranthus hybridus, Amaranthus cruentus, and Amaranthus deflexus, grown with poultry manure and NPK in relation to the unfertilized soil of Ilorin, Nigeria. Viable seeds of the Amaranths raised in nursery for two weeks were transplanted (one plant per pot) into unfertilized soil (control) and soils fertilized with either NPK or poultry manure (PM) at 30 Kg ha −1 rate arranged in randomized complete block design with four replicates. Data were collected on plant height, stem girth, number of leaves, leaf area, and number of branches from 1 week after transplanting (1 WAT). Fresh weight, dry weight, and proximate composition were determined at 6 WAT. Except for the length, breadth, and number of leaves, the order of growth parameters and yield in the three Amaranthus species was NPK > PM > control. NPK grown Amaranthus species had the highest protein while PM-grown vegetables had the highest ash content. Crude fibre in A. cruentus grown with PM was significantly higher than NPK and the control. The NPK treatment of A. hybridus and A. deflexus had the highest crude fibre content. NPK and PM favoured growth and yield of the Amaranthus species but influenced proximate composition differently.
This study investigated the growth performance, yield and nutritional quality of Amaranthus cruentus with a view to determining the changes that take place in the proximate composition of the test crop under repeated applications of different poultry composts in pot culture. A factorial combination of four treatments, namely; 100 % Broilers' Manure Compost (BMC), 100 % Layers' Manure Compost (LMC), 100 % Cockerel Manure Compost (CMC) and 33.33 % BMC + 33.33 % LMC + 33.33 % CMC otherwise referred to as Mixed Manure-Compost (MMC) were applied at four levels each and replicated three times. The levels of application were (t ha 1): 9.0, 6.0, 3.0 and 0, which served as the control. The results showed that the growth parameters; such as plant height, stem girth, number of leaves and leaf area of plants increased with increase in compost applications. The-1 highest leafy productivity (leaf + shoot) mean yield of 24.19 t ha was significantly (p < 0.05) different from 9.73-1-1 t ha obtained with 9 t ha of CMC during the two consecutive cropping. The control treatment gave the significantly (p < 0.05) highest values of crude fiber (16.78%), total ash (13.08%) and vitamin C (5.75%) when compared with other treatments. Comparable but lower values were obtained during the second cropping. Despite increased soil fertility brought about by repeated application of poultry manures to soil, reduced leafy productivity and quality of A. cruentus obtained may be attributed to ecotoxicological effect of the compost on the soil.
Effects of farm yard manure on cadmium and lead accumulation in Amaranth (Amaranthus oleracea L
Two pot experiments were carried out to study the effect of farm yard manure (FYM) on Cd and Pb accumulation by Amaranth. Six levels of FYM (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 t ha -1 ) were applied to Cd and Pb treated soil separately in the pot experiments. The weight of the shoot and root of Amaranth significantly increased following the application of FYM to both Cd and Pb treated soil. The application of FYM in soil significantly decreased Cd and Pb content in Amaranth. Cadmium content in the shoot and root gradually decreased with the increase in level of FYM up to 20 t ha -1 . On the other hand, FYM at 10 t ha -1 and above drastically reduced the Pb content in both parts of Amaranth. The contents of both Cd and Pb in the shoot and root of Amaranth showed a significantly negative correlation (r = -0.84 to -0.87) with the rates of FYM applied to the soil.
Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries
The experiment was carried out at the research farm of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during December 2015 to January 2016 to evaluate the effects of cow dung (CD), poultry manure (PM) and mustard oil cake (MOC) along with NPK fertilizer amendments on the growth and yield performances of red amaranth in silty loam soil. The treatments were (i) NPK (control), (ii) NPK + CD, (iii) NPK + PM and (iv) NPK + MOC. All three types of manures significantly increased the plant height and numbers of leaves plant-1, thereby fresh weight, yield compared with the control (NPK). The best results in terms of vegetable fresh yield were obtained in the following order: NPK > CD > PM > MOC. Application of MOC is not beneficial due to 30 times higher price than CD and PM. PM added NPK fertilizer combination showed higher vegetable yield (10.87 t ha-1) than CD added NPK fertilizer combination (10.17 t ha-1). PM added fertilizer combination also had almost eq...
Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences
A pot experiment was performed in the net house to observe the influence of cow dung and poultry manure on the growth of red amaranth grown in the amended soil (mixture of acid and calcareous soil). Acid soil was mixed with calcareous soil at a ratio of 3:1 for experiment with red amaranth. The pot experiment was conducted with the mixed soil indicated by T0M (control-where no amendment was added), three different rates of cow dung such as T1 (3 ton/ha), T2 (6 ton/ha) and T3 (9 ton/ha) and three rate of poultry manure designated as T4 (2 ton/ha), T5 (4 ton/ha) and T6 (6 ton/ha). Treatment responses were evaluated in terms of different parameters including uptake of nutrients by plants and post-harvest properties of soil such as physico-chemical properties and residual nutrient content of the soil. It is evident from the experiment that the uptake of the plant nutrients was the best in the mixed soil (T0M-control) than those of the acid (TA) and calcareous soils (TC). On the other ha...
Response of Amaranthus hybridus to metal stress and manure amendment in contaminated soil
2015
The effects of heavy metal contamination and manure amendment in soil on the growth of green Amaranthus hybridus were studied by pot experiments. A mineral soil was stressed with different doses (100-500 mg kg-1) of Cu and Pb using a binary mixture of the metal nitrates and/or amended with poultry or swine manure (at 10:1 soil:manure ratio). A. hybridus was sown and monitored for changes in growth rate, above-ground dry biomass and tissue Cu and Pb concentration for 49 days. A. hybridus was seemingly intolerant to metal stress as the plants exhibited yellowish appearance, stunted growth and decreased biomass at elevated metal doses in soil, though with reduced severity upon manure (especially poultry) amendment. Growth profiles were sigmoid at lower metal doses (0-300 mg kg-1) but plateau-like at higher doses (400-500 mg kg-1). Tissue Cu and Pb increased linearly as metal doses in unamended soils and non-linearly in manure-amended soils. Soil-to-plant transfer factors, f (%), indicated that Cu (11.2 ≤ f (%) ≤ 41.1) was more phytoavailable to A. hybridus than Pb (8.4 ≤ f (%) ≤ 17.0). Step-wise modeling of tissue Cu and Pb concentrations from soil pH, organic matter, plant available and pseudototal metal content by multiple regression analysis suggested that the models were more reliable with plant available metal as a covariate than pseudototal metal content.
Universal Journal of Agricultural Research, 2018
A field experiment was conducted 2010 cropping season at the Institute for Agricultural Research Farm, Samaru, (11 0 , 11' N, 07 0 38'E). Experimental site was 686 m above sea level in the northern Guinea savanna ecological zone of Nigeria. Study focused on to assess the effects of poultry manure rates (0, 4, 8 and 12 t ha-1) and seedling age (2, 3 and 4 weeks after sowing) at transplanting on growth and yield of amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L.). Treatments consisted of factorial combinations of four levels of poultry manure and three transplant ages in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. Results indicated that plant height (cm), shoot fresh weight (kg) and number of leaves and branches per plant were significantly (P<0.05) higher with the application of 8 t ha-1 of poultry manure compared with no-manure than the other treatments. However, in most cases, the difference in growth characters using poultry manure rates varying from 4 to 12 t ha-1 were non-significant. Seedlings transplanted at 4 weeks of age were significant taller with shoot fresh weight than 2-weeks old seedlings at the initial growth stage. Transplant age had no effect on these parameters at later stage. All the other growth parameters were not affected (P<0.05) by transplant age. Study suggested that marketable yield increased significantly with increasing poultry manure (4 t ha-1) with transplanting age (2-3 weeks) after emergence to benefit farmers the highest.
Heliyon, 2017
Due to rapid expansion in the poultry industry, production of poultry manure has also consequently increased, resulting in unplanned disposal of this manure to the soil in some cases, with possible negative environmental consequences. In this study, 10 separate poultry manure samples were collected from different sites located in the central Eastern Cape, South Africa and characterized for chemical and phytotoxic properties. The poultry manures had an average neutral pH (range 6.94 - 7.97) whilst the electrical conductivity was highly variable from 2.45 dS/m to 12.3 dS/m between the 10 sites. The high conductivity values recorded in some of the manures indicate that caution may need to be practiced when directly applying these manure to the soil, to avoid buildup of soluble salts. All samples showed a very high concentration of total P (1963.1 mg/kg - 2644.1 mg/kg) with the plant available fraction ranging from 21.3% - 37.7% of the total P. All the heavy metals measured (Cr, Cu, Ni,...
International Journal of Agriculture, Science and Technology, 2019
The increasingly demand of chicken meat in Nigeria has prompted more poultry farming with consequent effect on increased utilization of organic wastes (e.g chicken manure) as fertilizers. Organic wastes contain varying amounts of water, mineral nutrients & organic matter. While the use of organic wastes as manure has been in practice for centuries word-wide. A field experiment was conducted at the experimental garden of the Department of Agric Education, Federal College of Education, Katsina between the month of June-July, 2014 to study of effect of varying levels of poultry manure obtained from battery cage and deep letter systems on the growth and yield of Amaranthus cruentus. The treatments consisted of 3-levels each of poultry manure (0, 10 and 15 t ha-1), the treatments were arranged in Randomised complete block design (RCBD) and replicated three times. The parameters studied were plant height; number of leaves, stem girth and leaf area/plant. The result showed that application of poultry manure obtained from deep litter system at the rate of 15 t ha-1 increases the growth performance of Amaranths.
Water SA, 2009
Indigenous vegetables that supply abundant amounts of protein, vitamins, calories and minerals could alleviate problems of malnutrition, in developing countries. Amaranthus is one such vegetable that could be domesticated and cultivated but information on its fertility requirements is scanty. A dry-land field experiment was therefore conducted to study the effects of sheep kraal manure application rates on growth, fresh and dry matter yields, nutrient uptake and grain yield of one of the Amaranthus accessions that grow in the wild in the Eastern Cape. The treatments were sheep kraal manure rates ranging from 0 to 10 t/ha and an NPK {2:3:4(30) + 0.5% Zn} fertiliser as a positive control at 150 kg/ha. Low manure rates (≤2.5 t/ha) resulted in plant heights and fresh matter yields which were comparable to those in the unfertilised control, whereas higher rates (5 and 10 t/ha) and NPK fertiliser gave greater plant heights and higher yields at both 30 and 60 days after transplant (DAT) (p<0.05). At 30 DAT, manure application rates of ≥2.5 t/ha and the NPK fertiliser treatment, produced greater shoot dry-matter yields (≥29.35 g/plant) than the unfertilised control (17.11 g/plant). Uptake of N and P in the leaves increased with increase in manure application rate with N uptake reaching a maximum of 308 mg N /plant at a manure rate of 2.5 t/ha which corresponded with the maximum dry matter yield of 45.97 g/plant. There was no effect of manure rate or fertiliser on residual soil N and Ca, whereas P, K, Mg and Zn were increased (p<0.005). The findings suggested that ≥2.5 t/ha sheep kraal manure could result in growth, nutrient uptake and yield comparable to 150 kg/ha NPK fertiliser for the Amaranthus accession used in this work.