The uncovering of forgotten fortifications and other findings from recent field surveys and archival research of the frontiers of Šibenik district (2018-2021) (original) (raw)
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FortMed 2017 Conference proceedings, 2017
In early autumn of 1646, after only two months of hastily organized public works and just days before the arrival of the Ottoman army, the people of Šibenik had finished the construction of fortress on the hill which overlooks the Old town. The new defensive position, built without the official approval or financial help from Venetian government, successfully withheld two sieges in 1646/47. St. John's Fortress thus became the main defence point of Šibenik, and during more than three centuries it was used as such by successive 'users' which came after the Venetians – Austrian, Italian and Yugoslav army. After the revitalization of two other fortresses of Šibenik in the last few years with the help of EU funds, the €6.55 million Revitalization of St. John's Fortress area project was initiated, and the first archaeological excavations of the Fortress took place in 2015 and 2016/17. These new circumstances were an opportunity for an enhanced approach and interdisciplinary conversation about the Early Modern fortification heritage of Šibenik and the region. Based both on familiar as well as new, recently found historical sources and material, a theory suggests that the fortress' early development (1646-1660) was significantly more complex than deemed earlier.
Fortifications, defence systems, structures and features in the past, Zbornik Instituta za arheologiju / Serta Instituti Archaeologici, 2019
This edition brings the conference papers from the 4th International Conference on Mediaeval Archaeology organised by the Institute of Archaeology in Zagreb in 2017. It is a result of efforts of the medievalists of the Institute of Archaeology to establish continued international gathering of the academic community in Zagreb in order to discuss current archeological topics on mediaeval archeology. The 4th International Scientific Conference on Mediaeval Archaeology Fortifications, defence systems, structures and features in the past, organized by the Institute of Archaeology in cooperation with the Croatian Institute of History, took place from the 7th till the 9th of June 2017 in Zagreb. Our wish was to encourage the researchers to present, through this topic, their knowledge on technical solutions of certain defensive elements of different fortifications, different manifestations and changes in the organization of defensive structures and systems over time, with regard to the causes of those changes and identification of possible patterns of defence systems, structures and features in a certain area, region or in a certain archaeological or historical period. Since the aim of the scientific conference was to perceive the given topic in an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary manner, we are pleased that in this book, besides the papers dealing with mediaeval fortifications, we have the opportunity to publish 37 papers that study the defence systems in the preceding and following periods (Prehistory, Antiquity, Modern Period) and that archaeological studies are complemented by the studies of historians, art historians and architects as well.
FortMed 2018 Conference proceedings, 2018
Barone fortress was constructed in August and September of 1646, within a hurried fortification of then Venetian city of Šibenik in the early phase of Candian War (1645-69). Neglected and abandoned for a long time, the fortress acquired a new social and urbanistic role after the successful revitalization project (2014-16). Just before the inevitable entry of construction machinery, archaeologists got the chance to do the first excavations in fortress' history. They had found several walls which could only be interpreted as the remnants of an earlier stage of this fortification. Then, a newly conducted analysis of graphic and written historical sources has led to some new discoveries. A hill called Vidakovac was originally fortified as one of several posts or redoubts (ridotto) on the fortification perimeter of Šibenik, all of which were used as a support to the new defensive centerpoint – St. John's fortress. Sources suggest that every one of these redoubts was named after its builder, in the case of Vidakovac – ridotto di Barone – after the commander of cavalry in Venetian army, baron Christoph Martin von Degenfeld. This minor post, but on a very convenient position, was 'raised' to the level of fortress (forte) within a new fortification project during the rule of provveditore Antonio Bernardo (1656-60).
Alternative Explorations of Linear Fortifications . “Trajan’s Vallum” from Șuţești (Brăila County)
Ancient Linear Fortifications in the Lower Danube (Eds. Valeriu Sîrbu & Costin Croitoru), 2015
An earthen embankment elevated 2.5 -3 m above ground, with an obvious defensive role, lays in the western vicinity of Șuţești village, stretching on about 700 m, on a NNE-SSW direction ( ). Its actual width at the base measures between 15 -20 m. The fortification, despite being preserved on a considerable height, was strongly affected by modern anthropic interventions. It was cut in four points, along its route, on the occasion of diggings for irrigation works; it was also altered sometime in the recent history during the asphalt road construction, in its northern side, sector which was further used by the local community of the village as a burial place; constructions related to a communist era farm affected its north-eastern side. Not least, the south-western side of the embankment has been used as a garbage dump.
Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean, ed. by Navarro Palazón, J. and Luis José García-Pulido Vol. XI, 721-728. Granada: Universidad de Granada, Universitat Politècnica de València, Patronato de la Alhambra y Generalife, 2020
Skradin is a town on the right bank of the Krka river, about 15 km upstream from Šibenik. Located deep in the hinterland, with good road connections, and a luxury of natural resources nearby, it's no wonder that urban life flourished here since the Iron Age. But being below surrounding hills, this trading centre could never be successfully defended from a prolonged siege. This is why, throughout medieval times, Skradin was usually regarded as a less important neighbour of flourishing Šibenik. Various Croatian noble families, and occasionally the Venetians, ruled the town in fifteenth century. Conquered by the Ottomans in winter of 1521-22, Skradin soon again became an important trading point, the southern-most town in Krka sancak. It was reclaimed by Venetians temporarily from 1647 to 1670, and permanently from 1683. Today, due to the thorough destruction by the Venetian army, the earliest buildings in Skradin date to eighteenth century. The one exception is Turina, a small late medieval fort above the town. Recently branded as a fortress of Šubić family-the powerful magnates from late thirteenth century -, Turina was long considered to be Skradin's main defensive point even in the Ottoman era. However , several archival sources suggested the existence of another fort, located on a much more favourable position. This theory was finally confirmed by surveying the nearby Gradina hill in the autumn of 2018.
2019
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