How financially literate are women? An overview and new insights (original) (raw)

With the increasing complexity of financial markets and the importance of financial literacy, this paper investigates the financial literacy levels among women compared to men across several countries, including the United States, Germany, and the Netherlands. By analyzing survey data, it finds that women exhibit significantly lower financial literacy, which persists even after accounting for various socioeconomic factors. The implications of these findings are crucial for understanding women's financial preparedness for retirement, particularly given their longer life expectancy and vulnerability to financial insecurity.