Difficulties in Adaptation of the Mother and Newborn via Cesarean Section versus Natural Birth—A Narrative Review (original) (raw)

Birth is a physiological act that is part of the morpho-functional economy of the maternal body. Each stage in the act of birth has a predetermined pathway that is neurohormonally induced and morpho-functionally established through specific and characteristic adaptations. Like maternity, childbirth also has an important impact on the maternal body as a biological structure and psycho-emotional behavior. Cesarean section performed at the request of the mother with no medical underlying conditions besides the prolonged hospitalization risk can also cause breathing problems in children, delayed breastfeeding, and possible complications in a future pregnancy. Vaginal birth remains the path of choice for a physiological evolution pregnancy. Although erroneously considered safe and easy today, cesarean section delivery must remain an emergency procedure or a procedure recommended for pregnancies where birth is a risk to the mother and to the child, as cesarean section itself is a risk fac...

The health implications of birth by Caesarean section

Biological Reviews, 2012

Since the first mention of fetal programming of adult health and disease, a plethora of programming events in early life has been suggested. These have included intrauterine and postnatal events, but limited attention has been given to the potential contribution of the birth process to normal physiology and long-term health. Over the last 30 years a growing number of studies have demonstrated that babies born at term by vaginal delivery (VD) have significantly different physiology at birth to those born by Caesarean section (CS), particularly when there has been no exposure to labour, i.e. pre-labour CS (PLCS). This literature is reviewed here and the processes involved in VD that might programme post-natal development are discussed. Some of the effects of CS are short term, but longer term problems are also apparent. We suggest that VD initiates important physiological trajectories and the absence of this stimulus in CS has implications for adult health. There are a number of factors that might plausibly contribute to this programming, one of which is the hormonal surge or ''stress response'' of VD. Given the increasing incidence of elective PLCS, an understanding of the effects of VD on normal development is crucial.

The Development of Cesarean Baby is Different than Normally Delivered Baby : Nurses Concern towards Changing Scenario

2017

The trends of rising in rate of caesarean section is now world wise well evident. The study aimed to identify the difference in neurobehavioral development between CS and normally delivered babies. With use o f Ballard chart for neuromuscular and physical maturity and reflex score were measured from sample of 30 from each group on 1 and 5 neonatal day. Both the group had excellent score in neuromuscular and physical maturity score on both days, but in reflex few (23%) C-section babies only had excellent score. The nurses required to recognize the difference exist among them to act promptly and minimize the risk.

Cesarean delivery and prematurity

Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira, 2015

The information provided through this project must be assessed and criticized by the physician responsible for the conduct that will be adopted, depending on the conditions and the clinical status of each patient.

Comparison analysis of newborn birthing with vaginal delivery and cesarean section

Disaster and Emergency Medicine Journal

InTroducTIon: Most of them perceive a vaginal delivery as morbid, painful, often complicated. Fear of pain, fear of a child, negative experiences associated with a previous birth and the opinions of relatives often contribute to the termination of pregnancy through cesarean section without medical indications "cesarean section on demand". The aim of the study was to compare the state of newborns born with vaginal delivery with newborns born through caesarean section. MeThods: The research was carried out in January 2018 at the District Hospital in Węgrów (Poland) at the Neonatology Department. 47 consecutive newborns of the Neonatological Department born in January 2018, were included in the study. resulTs: The study group consisted of 47 newborns-27 (57%) newborns were enrolled in the group of neonates born via caesarean section. The termination of pregnancy occurred usually at week 39 (± 1), and the average age of the maternal mothers is 30 years (± 5). The child's weight is 3622g (± 523), umbilical cord pH 7.359 (± 0.052). Maternal age does not seem to have a significant impact on the type of delivery in the case of caesarean section, the average age is 29 years (± 6), in terms of childbirth, the mother's age is 30 years (± 6).

Evolutionary perspectives on cesarean section

Evolution, Medicine, and Public Health, 2018

Cesarean section (surgical removal of a neonate through the maternal abdominal and uterine walls) can be a life-saving medical intervention for both mothers and their newborns when vaginal delivery through the birth canal is impossible or dangerous. In recent years however, the rates of cesarean sections have increased in many countries far beyond the level of 10-15% recommended as optimal by the World Health Organization. These 'excess' cesarean sections carry a number of risks to both mothers and infants including complication from surgery for the mother and respiratory and immunological problems later in life for the infants. We argue that an evolutionary perspective on human childbirth suggests that many of these 'unnecessary' cesarean sections could be avoided if we considered the emotionally supportive social context in which childbirth has taken place for hundreds of thousands or perhaps even millions of years of human evolution. The insight that human childbirth is usually a cooperative, even social event in which women are attended by familiar, supportive family and friends suggests that the harsh clinical environment in which women often give birth in the developed world is not the best setting for dealing with the strong emotional forces that usually accompany labor and delivery. We argue that providing a secure, supportive environment for laboring mothers can reduce the rate of 'unnecessary' surgical deliveries.

Neonatal morbidity after cesarean section.pdf

Objective: To describe morbidity in neonates born by cesarean section (CS) before labor between 34 +0 and 38 +6 weeks, stratified by gestational age. Methods: Cohort study from five Italian tertiary care hospitals. Consecutive singleton pregnancies delivered by CS before labor between 34 +0 and 38 +6 weeks of gestation from January 2010 to August 2011 were included. Women in labor, with premature rupture of membranes, or with previous administration of steroids were excluded. The incidence of neonatal complication by gestational week was calculated. Results: A total of 1135 cases were analyzed. Composite adverse neonatal outcomes, respiratory distress syndrome, transient tachypnea and use of continuous airway positive pressure decreased from 50%, 28%, 5% and 22% at 34 weeks of gestation, to 4.7%, 1.0%, 0.9% and 0.3% at 38 weeks of gestation. Multivariate analysis showed that the only variable independently associated with composite adverse neonatal outcome was gestational age at delivery (adjusted odds ratio 0.49; 95% confidence interval 0.39-0.61). Conclusions: The prevalence of neonatal complications in newborns delivered by CS before labor halves at each week of gestation from 34 to 38 weeks. Nonetheless complications, and mainly respiratory problems, are still present at early term gestation.

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