Lecture 3: Phenomenology (original) (raw)
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Phenomenology is the study of structures of consciousness as experienced from the firstperson point of view. The central structure of an experience is its intentionality, its being directed toward something, as it is an experience of or about some object. An experience is directed toward an object by virtue of its content or meaning (which represents the object) together with appropriate enabling conditions. Phenomenology as a discipline is distinct from but related to other key disciplines in philosophy, such as ontology, epistemology, logic, and ethics. Phenomenology has been practiced in various guises for centuries, but it came into its own in the early 20th century in the works of Husserl, Heidegger, Sartre, Merleau-Ponty and others. Phenomenological issues of intentionality, consciousness, qualia, and first-person perspective have been prominent in recent philosophy of mind. 1. What is Phenomenology? 2. The Discipline of Phenomenology 3. From Phenomena to Phenomenology
Phenomenology, Science and Experience
Dialogue and Universalism, 2015
Stating that experience is the testing ground for scientific theories is undoubtedly a sort of truism. In the case of the investigation of human perception, however, it is worth pinpointing and understanding exactly what kind of experience science must avail itself of. Cherishing and taking into account the lessons learned from Goethe's Farbenlehre, Ewald Hering inaugurates a type of phenomenology which believed in the fertility of the connection between the phenomenological description and the empirical investigation. The direction indicated by Hering will be embraced by important authors of non-Husserlian phenomenology in the first three decades of the twentieth century: Carl Stumpf, Karl Bühler, the Gestaltpsychologie of Max Wertheimer, Wolfgang Köhler and Kurt Koffka, to name a few. This paper intends to show the interest and topicality of this approach.
IndoPacific Journal of Phenomenology , 2012
Phenomenology has remained a sheltering place for those who would seek to understand not only their own “first person” experiences but also the first person experiences of others. Recent publications by renowned scholars within the field have clarified and extended our possibilities of access to “first person” experience by means of perception (Lingis, 2007) and reflection (Zahavi, 2005). Teaching phenomenology remains a challenge, however, because one must find ways of communicating to the student how to embody it as a process rather than simply to learn about it as a content area. Another challenge issues from the fact that most writings on applied phenomenology emphasize individual subjectivity as the central focus, while offering only indirect access to the subjectivity of others (for example, by way of analyzing written descriptions provided by the individual under study). While one finds in the literature of psychotherapy plentiful elucidations of the “we-experience” within which therapists form impressions of their clients’ experience, there is still need for a more thoughtful clarification of our rather special personal modes of access to the experience of others in everyday life. This paper will present “second person perspectivity” as a mode of resonating with the expressions of others and will describe class activities that can bring students closer to a lived understanding of what it means to be doing phenomenology in the face of the other. http://www.ipjp.org/component/jdownloads/send/11-the-teaching-of-phenomenology-september-2012/207-teaching-phenomenology-by-way-of-second-person-perspectivity-from-my-thirty-years-at-the-university-of-dallas-by-scott-d-churchill
Phenomenology: A Philosophy and Method of Inquiry
Journal of Education and Educational Development
Phenomenology as a philosophy and a method of inquiry is not limited to an approach to knowing, it is rather an intellectual engagement in interpretations and meaning making that is used to understand the lived world of human beings at a conscious level. Historically, Husserl' (1913/1962) perspective of phenomenology is a science of understanding human beings at a deeper level by gazing at the phenomenon. However, Heideggerian view of interpretive-hermeneutic phenomenology gives wider meaning to the lived experiences under study. Using this approach, a researcher uses bracketing as a taken for granted assumption in describing the natural way of appearance of phenomena to gain insights into lived experiences and interpret for meaning making. The data collection and analysis takes place side by side to illumine the specific experience to identify the phenomena that is perceived by the actors in a particular situation. The outcomes of a phenomenological study broadens the mind, improves the ways of thinking to see a phenomenon, and it enables to see ahead and define researchers' posture through intentional study of lived experiences. However, the subjectivity and personal knowledge in perceiving and interpreting it from the research participant's point of view has been central in phenomenological studies. To achieve such an objective, phenomenology could be used extensively in social sciences.
Oxford Handbook of Phenomenological Psychopathology, 2018
, and others, to become one of the major philosophical movements of the twentieth century. Phenomenology begins from the recognition that conscious life is intentional, that is, that all conscious awareness is directed at something, and that there is a complex correlation between the subjective act and the object apprehended, such that the object is said to be "constituted" by the subject. In order to lay bare this intentional constitution, phenomenologists apply a procedure of bracketing or phenomenological reduction that strips away presuppositions embedded in the natural attitude. Phenomenology has wide application not just in philosophy but in psychology and psychiatry. In recent years, phenomenology's stress on the embodied character of life in the context of a lifeworld has had a major impact on cognitive science.
The Four Principles of Phenomenology
Continental Philosophy Review, 2015
An article of Michel Henry's that I co-translated. It is a classic statement of Henry's emphasis on auto-affection as the fundamental ground of phenomenological analysis.