The role of HPV DNA testing in the prevention of cervical cancer (original) (raw)
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Glasnik javnog zdravlja
The knowledge that persistent infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV) is a necessary cause of cervical cancer has led to changes in strategies for the prevention and early detection of this cancer, with aim to eradicate it. Primary prevention through the use of vaccines that prevent HPV infection has been implemented since 2006, while secondary prevention of cervical cancer has been significantly improved by the introduction of the HPV test, either as the only method of primary screening or in combination with the Pap test. Screening based on the Pap smear has been unquestionably successful in reducing incidence and mortality in the last century. More recently, there have been gradual changes in the use of the HPV test, from its use as a reflex test after the detection of mild cytological abnormalities, through co-testing, to the use of the HPV test as the only test in primary screening thanks to the evidence gathered from the use of large, randomized research and meta-analysi...
Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo, 2014
The aim of this paper was to present the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in cervical carcinogenesis from several aspects. By explaining the HPV virus lifecycle and structure, its effect on cervical cell cycle and subversion of immune response can be better understood. Early E region of the viral genome encodes proteins that are directly involved in carcinogenesis. The E6 protein binds to p53 protein (product of tumor-suppressor gene) blocking and degrading it, which in turn prevents cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. E6 is also capable of telomerase activation, which leads to cell immortalization; it also reacts with host proto-oncogene c-jun, responsible for transcription, shortens G1 phase and speeds up the transition from G1 to S phase of the cells infected by HPV. E7 forms bonds with retinoblastoma protein (product of tumor-suppressor gene) and inactivates it. It can inactivate cyclin inhibitors p21, p27, and abrogate the mitotic spindle checkpoint with the loss of pr...
Antitumor immune cycle proteins and HPV status in patients with HSIL and cervical cancer
Gynecology
Background. Cervical cancer (CC) is a common malignant tumor among women worldwide. The anti-tumor immune cycle (AIC) is a necessary molecular mechanism that prevents the occurrence and progression of a tumor. It is known that during the development of CC, several mechanisms disrupt the AIC and contribute to tumor progression. Recent data show the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the AIC regulation as a mechanism for the emergence of tumor resistance to the anti-tumor immune response. Aim. To study the levels of AIC proteins (sCD25, 4-1BB, B7.2, TGF-b1, CTLA-4, PD-L1, PD-1, Tim-3, LAG-3, Galectin-9, sCD27, PD-L2) in patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and CC, depending on the HPV status. Materials and methods. A prospective study enrolled women of reproductive age with HSIL (n=53) and stage IIII СС (n=93). The control group included female volunteers without cervical abnormalities (n=30). The study material was the cervical epithelium. Study methods:...
CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research - Zenodo, 2022
Aim: Our research was carried out to determine the knowledge and attitudes of university students about cervical cancer, human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and vaccine. Materials and Methods: In the 2018-2019 academic year, the research population consisted of 178 female students who studied at Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Vocational School of Health Services. Students completed a form that included socio-demographic information as well as questions about HPV infection, vaccination, and Attitude Scale Towards Preventing Cervical Cancer (ASTPCC). For the analysis of the data, percentage, mean, T-test, One-Way ANOVA test and Tukey test were used. Significance level was taken as 0.05. Results: Of the female students included in the study, 171 (96%) people between the ages of 18-25 and 7 (4%) people between the ages of 26-32 were recorded. 94% of participants said that HPV is a risk factor for cervical cancer, 92% said that HPV is transmitted through sexual contact, 87% said that the HPV vaccine protects against cervical cancer, 19% said that the HPV vaccine should be applied before the first sexual activity, and 9% said that regular pap smear tests should be performed even if they have received the HPV vaccine. While of the students, 36% had no knowledge about HPV-associated cervical cancer, 30% had no knowledge pap-smear test. Conclusion: Female students at university should be aware of HPV infection, HPV-associated cervical cancer, pap-smear test, and vaccination. Developing healthy lifestyle habits during university education is essential. ARTICLE INFO/MAKALE BİLGİSİ
Doctor.Ru, 2019
Цель исследования: оценка динамики элиминации вируса папилломы человека (ВПЧ) и факторов риска персистенции ВПЧ-инфекции. Дизайн: проспективное исследование. Материалы и методы. В исследование вошли 84 женщины 18-45 лет с положительным ВПЧ-тестом и 116 ВПЧ-негативных. Оценка элиминации ВПЧ и факторов риска персистенции ВПЧ-инфекции проводилась спустя 6 и 12 месяцев. Определяли 12 типов ВПЧ высокого онкогенного риска (16-й, 18-й, 31-й, 33-й, 35-й, 39-й, 45-й, 51-й, 52-й, 56-й, 58-й, 59-й). Оценка факторов риска проводилась по данным анонимного анкетирования.
What a patient needs to know about the virus human papillomas and cervical cancer?
Gynecology, 2021
According to experts of the World Health Organization, cervical cancer is the only cancer that can be completely prevented through the introduction of mass screening and educational information in the population. One of the activities of the obstetrician-gynecologist is the conduct of health education. However, for a variety of reasons, a practical doctor may have difficulty preparing for informational and educational meetings with patients. Aim. To prepare a clinical lecture for the obstetrician-gynecologist, which can be used in educational work with the population on the prevention of human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer. Materials and methods. The information material includes data from foreign and domestic scientific articles available at PubMed on this topic and published over the past 10 years. Results. A systematic analysis of the data contained in the modern literature on human papillomavirus, human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer has been carried...
Detection of high-risk HPV genotypes using Real-time PCR
Glasnik javnog zdravlja
Discovery of the causal relationship between the human papilloma virus and cervical cancer formation increased the significance of the real-time PCR in HPV diagnostics. Based on evidence showing that they caused cervical cancer, 14 HPV types have been classified as carcinogenic (HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66 and 68). This study analysed cervical smears taken from female patients, aged 19 to 25 years, using the Viasure diagnostic test for the detection of high-risk HPV genotypes and individual identification of HPV genotypes 16 and 18. A total of 110 cervical smears were analysed and 44 positive samples were detected (40%). DNA analysis of the positive samples found the following distribution of the HPV types: 27% HPV (31, 39, 56); 22% HPV (52, 59, 68); 18% HPV16; 13% HPV (33, 45, 51); 12% HPV (35, 58, 66); 8% HPV18. This study and the high positivity rate it found indicate that there is a lack of awareness among the youth on the measures of prevention, as wel...