Une archéologie des provinces septentrionales du royaume Kongo (original) (raw)
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excavations at MM 96 (B), MM 96 (C), and GAD 96 (A). The 50% sample was selected by thoroughly mixing the pottery by hand and then dividing the resulting pile into two equal heaps. This method of non-prejudicial sampling of sherds was successfirlly employed by S.K. and RJ. Mclntosh during their excavations at Jenne-jeno, and W Insoll (1996:1ll) at Gao-Saney. The term "locally manufactured" was first used in 1993 to differentiate this assemblage from the imported glazed pottery then found The methodologr employed in 1993 has been continued, though some modifications have been necessary. The main pottery classes have been defined on surface treatment (slipped/unslipped, colour, decorative treatment), and it can be seen that within this schema the criteria employed in defining classes differs, for example, the geometricdecorated class were defined on the basis of the dominant motif whilst the cord and twine decorated class were defined on the technique of decoration. These basic cliasses were created in 1993 for simplicity, and were intended to be of a preliminary nature, as it was recognised that a more detailed study of this material would be necessary in the near future. Whilst this methodology has been refined, it remains very much at a preliminary stage and this report is agein a relatively basic analysis.
to analyse the faunal remains as Undergraduate dissertation projects, which are presented in an edited fonn here. Dorian Fuller and Nicky Milner also undertook sections of analysis whilst completing their PhD theses in Cambridge, 8nd agein the results of their work are presented here, as is an edited version of the study on the beads completed by Ben Roy whilst an Undergraduate at the University of Cambridge. Similarly, Dr Paulo Farias and Dr Maria Filomena Guerra kindly consenteq respectively, to analysing the Arabic inscriptions, and a gold bead which were found Whilst Dr Dave Polya identified the lithic materials.
Journal of Urban History, 2013
Marché Kermel and Marché Sandaga were established at the beginning of the twentieth century in the contemporary heart of colonial Dakar, Senegal, the capital of French West Africa (AOF). In terms of general size and building techniques—both are based on prefabricated iron—they evoke the great covered markets and similar structures erected in France and other European countries in the late nineteenth century. Yet, in matters of style, each constitutes a unique and outstanding monument in Dakar as well as in French West Africa. Relying on primary and secondary sources and on fieldwork, we would like to trace the stylistic origins of these markets, hardly known in the relevant literature, and to analyze their meaning against the background of the colonial situation in sub-Saharan Africa. Moving from a transplanted fin-de-siècle neo-Moorish toward an imagined neo-Sudanese, we bring to the fore each paradox, on the theoretical and physical levels.
(In), Reid, A., and Lane, P. (eds.), African Historical Archaeologies. New York: Kluwer/Plenum Press, pp. 163-87, 2004
Archaeological Investigations of Early Trade and Urbanism at Gao Saney (Mali)
Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa, 2013
Excavations at the mound site of Gao Saney, located near the historic town of Gao eastern Niger Bend, Mali, revealed over six meters of domestic deposits and debris from secondary processing of glass and copper dating to the period 700-1100 A.D. This is 200-300 years earlier than anticipated and points to the early development oflong distance trade networks. Lead isotope analysis of copper and glass samples using LA-ICP-MS points to multiple sources areas, including copper ores in Tunisia and glass production areas in the Middle East. Secondary processing of copper and glass took place at the site, and a substantial portion ofthe sequence comprised mud brick structures and associated domestic trash and wall collapse episodes. The distinctive polychrome pottery assemblage found in the Gao Saney deposits occurs along a 500 km stretch of the Niger Bend between Bentia to the south and Timbucktu to the west, where it appears suddenly and intrusively c. 650-700 A.D. This thesis documents the excavations and the material culture, chronology, subsistence economy and production activities at the site. It argues that the findings support the identification of Gao Saney with the trading town Sarneh mentioned in a tenth century Arab chronicle. The relationship of Gao Saney to Gao Ancien, the putative "royal town" of Kawkaw, is considered through a comparison of material excavated from a massive stone building complex there with the material from Gao Saney. The first millennium pottery at both sites is identical, but elite goods and stone architecture are present in abundance only at Gao Ancien. The evidence supports the identification of a royal town linked to Gao Saney by market and trade relations linked to early long-distance trade. This thesis is cordially dedicated to the memory of the late Tereba Togola, my mentor and boss in the Direction National du Patrimoine Culturel of Mali, and to my daughter, Bailo Cisse. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Numerous individuals, organizations and institutions have provided assistance, interest, generosity and encouragement during the course of my research in Gao and my graduate studies at Rice. I am grateful for their help and support. First and foremost, I would like to thank my supervisor Susan Keech McIntosh and also my professor Jeffrey Fleisher for their help, support, patience, advice and wonderful supervision throughout the PhD. My dissertation research was generously supported by S. K. McIntosh's research funds. lowe also a special debt of gratitude to the rest of my committee members including Roderick J. McIntosh (my dad and first mentor in field excavation) and Kathryn de Luna for reading and commenting on draft copies of this dissertation. I Thank also the staff and students of the Rice University Anthropology Department who have offered enthusiastic support, encouragement and generosity. Being together during these four years has been a true pleasure. Special thanks are addressed to my friends and office mates Brian Clark, Tsholofelo Dichaba and Abidemi Babalola (Tunde), and also my friend Lem-Lem for their wonderful help and kindness. Special thanks also to Takezawa Choichirio and his institution, the Osaka National Museum of Ethnology (Japan) for the various help and support during the research in Gao. Thanks are extended to the Najan University and the Japan Society for Promotion of Science (Japan), the African Archaeology Network, the US Embassy in Mali and Rice University for their financial support during the various archaeological campaigns in Gao. I thank also Felix Chami, coordinator of African Archaeology network, for supporting and encouraging me during my English training in Dar es Salam iii (Tanzania). African Archaeology Network graciously funded this English training and my stay in Dar. I thank also Timothy Insoll for the gift of his two main books on Gao (Insoll 1996 and 2000). My research was strongly supported by the Ministry of Culture of Mali and its national and local branches (the Direction Nationale du Patrimoine Culturel (DNPC), the