Efficacy and safety of five injectable anesthetic regimens for chronic blood collection from the anterior vena cava of Guinea pigs (original) (raw)
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J Reconstr Microsurg, 2015
Rats are frequently used animals in experimental setups and represent the gold standard model especially in microsurgical and reconstructive research. 1 Different protocols for anesthesia in rats are described. 2-6 Ketamine-xylazine anesthesia is known for its fast and long-acting properties and provides sufficient analgesia, immobility, and loss of consciousness and is therefore frequently used alone or in combination for anesthesia in rats. 7-10 It is administered in a weight-dependent (mg/kg body weight, BW) dosage. There are three generally used approaches for the administration of ketamine-xylazine-Keywords ► anesthesia in rats ► intravenous application ► intraperitoneal application ► misadministration rate ► ketamine/xylazine anesthesia Abstract Background Ketamine-xylazine is a frequently used combination for anesthesia in microsurgically operated rats and can be administered by intraperitoneal (IP) or intravenous (IV) injection. Both methods are associated with relatively high misadmin-istration rates. In the present study, we want to introduce a femoral vein access that requires microsurgical cannulation but enables a 100% administration rate. Methods In this study, the maximal time of anesthesia was analyzed, time to response, latency time, and the total need for anesthetic agents in IP (n ¼ 200) and IV (n ¼ 40) anesthesia in Wistar rats for the purpose of microvascular operations. IV injections were achieved with an inserted microcatheter that was applied via a microsurgical femoral vein access. Results The time needed for the placement of the microcatheter was 5.76 AE 0.89 minutes. Maximal time of anesthesia (IP vs. IV) was 7.02 AE 1.92 versus 21.78 AE 5.77 hours (p < 0.0001), time to response was 137.5 AE 43.91 versus 18 AE 2.18 seconds (p < 0.0001), latency time 35.53 AE 3.21 versus 27.8 AE 2.88 minutes (p < 0.0001), and total volume of anesthetic 1.42 AE 0.39 versus 2.78 AE 0.73 mL (p < 0.0001), respectively. Conclusion IV administration using the microsurgical femoral vein access is a feasible method with a quicker response rate and a 100% administration rate. Furthermore, it enables longer anesthesia, for example, complex microsurgical or other experimental procedures in the rat.
Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society
The objective of the current study was to determine the impact of three different anaesthetic protocols on blood and biochemical parameters. Eighteen female Wistar rats (HsdOla:WI) 3 months old, weighting 197.09 ± 7.39 g were used. Baseline blood collection was performed in all animals from the lateral coccygeal vein for evaluation of glucose. The animals were then randomly allocated to receive one of three different anaesthetic protocols: dexmedetomidine/ketamine intramuscularly (0.25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg respectively), or isoflurane 0.2 ml on cotton inside a syringe case, or isoflurane administered by vaporiser (5% induction and 2-3% maintenance of anaesthesia, delivered in oxygen flow 1 L/min). Blood samples were collected from caudal vena cava for complete blood count and biochemical analysis, while the lung and the liver were harvested for histological evaluation. Comparison between groups, as far as complete blood count parameters is concerned, revealed statistical significant d...
Effect Of Three Anesthetic Protocols On The Haematological Indices In Cats During Ovariohysterectomy
Journal of Medical and Dental Practice, 2015
The investigation was performed on 21 healthy adult cats in order to evaluate the effects of three anesthetic protocols on haematological indices during the anesthesia, surgery and for a 24-hour post-surgery period. The animals were divided in to three experimental groups (n=7 in each). The first group (Х/К group) was premedicated with 2 mg/kg xylazine i.m., the second group (In group)with 0.025 mg/kg acepromazine i.m., and the third group (ММ group)-with 0.025 mg/kg acepromazine i.m., 0.4 mg/kg butorphanol i.m. and 0.3 mg/kg metacam s.c. The induction and maintenance of anesthesia in group Х/К was done with 10 mg/kg ketamine i.v., while in the other two groups, induction with done with 5 mg/kg propofol i.v. After intubation, anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane 2.5 vol% in group In and 1.8 vol% in group ММ in oxygen flow 2.0 l/min. Blood samples were collected prior to anesthesia-0 min and at min 30, 60, 120 and hour 24 after the inception of anesthesia. A statistically significant reduction in erythrocyte counts, haemoglobin and haematocrit was observed in the three experimental groups immediately after the beginning of anesthesia. Total white blood cells count was also substantially changed, but marked decrease in leukocyte, granulocyte and lymphocyte counts in groups In and X/K were established on min 120, while in group MM-by the 60th min. The three tested anesthetic protocols decreased the studied blood parameters after the beginning of anesthesia, most probably as a result of neuro-hormonal interactions of the anesthetic drugs and the related blood volume redistribution.
Comparison of the effects of different anesthetics on serum haemolysis and glycogenolysis in rats
2008
The goals of epilepsy surgery are to identify the epileptogenic zone from which seizures originate and excise it completely without complications. Electrocorticography (ECoG) was first described by Penfield and Jasper, to map focal inter-ictal spiking and mark areas to be resected. 1,2 Although, over the years, many advantages and limitations of ECoG have been described, it is still used in many centers across the globe. 3,4 Intraoperatively, it is very important for neurosurgeon and neurologist to have optimal waveforms of ECoG, as decisions based on interpretations of this guide the surgeon to perform the resection. It is well known that general anesthetics suppress/alter ECoG activity. Anesthetic agent may interact with the background activity as well as epileptiform discharges. 4 Thus, role of the anesthesiologist becomes important in designing the anesthetic technique in such a way that optimal waveforms of ECoG may be recorded. General anesthetic techniques for epilepsy surgery remain largely empirical, typically institution specific and sparsely described in literature. 5,6 There are no randomized studies available, comparing various anesthetic techniques to demonstrate their effects on ECoG. Thus this study was conducted to design an optimal combination of anesthetic drugs for recording ECoG. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of isoflurane and propofol with or without nitrous oxide on electrocorticographic activity in patients undergoing epilepsy surgery in terms of satisfactory identification of epileptiform activity. 2. Materials and methods Institutional ethics committee approval and informed consent from all the patients were obtained before commencement of the
Comparison of two ketamine_xylazine anesthesic protocols in pigs (Sus crofa[1692].pdf
Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences,, 2018
The pig (Sus scrofa domestica) is an animal used as an experimental model in surgical procedures. This makes the use of anaesthesia necessary. The present study constitutes a comparison between two different ketamine/xylazine concentration protocols. One protocol used ketamine 10% + xylazine 10% (high concentration), and the other ketamine 5% + xylazine 2% (low concentration). Concentrations were chosen since these are the most common presentations in the veterinary market. In the present experiments, twenty male and female pigs (Sus crofa domestica; 20 kg each), were assigned into two different groups. The first one was integrated by pigs treated with high concentration protocol (n = 10), and the second one, composed by pigs that received low concentration protocol (n = 10). Parameters measured were the time in which the animals were placed in sternal decubitus, and the heart rate. The effects of these drugs were considered not only specifically in its sedative effects, but also in the respiratory system. Based on these results, we conclude that the first protocol showed better results than the second one. The time in which the animals were placed in sternal decubitus was lower in the first one (p < 0.001). Differences between the effects on the respiratory system (p = 0.37) and sedative effects (p = 0.87) were not significant, even when focusing on the last measurement, higher concentration protocol was twenty percent (20%) more effective than lower.
Laboratory Animals, 2018
Intravenous (IV) administration in mice is predominantly performed via the lateral tail veins. The technique requires adequate training before it can be used safely and routinely. A novel anaesthesia induction chamber has been developed to simplify the treatment and to facilitate IV injection in mice, particularly for untrained personnel. We have assessed the benefits of the chamber in refining IV injection in isoflurane-anaesthetized mice in direct comparison with the common restrainer method on conscious animals. The body weight, nesting behaviour and concentrations of faecal corticosterone metabolites were taken as indicative of distress induced by the various procedures. The results suggest that both methods of tail-vein injection induce similar levels of momentary stress in the animals, revealed by a short-term increase in the levels of stress hormone metabolites in faeces. A temporary reduction of body weight was observed after IV injection under isoflurane anaesthesia but not...
Laboratory Animals, 1998
The domestic pig is a useful model in certain areas of biomedical research. Effective use of this species is often encumbered by lack of reference values in conscious as well as anaesthetized animals. Anaesthesia itself influences physiological and biological variables; the anaesthetic technique often affects experimental results. The relationship between anaesthesia and haemodynamics is well characterized in man, but less established in pigs.
Comparison of two ketamine/xylazine anesthesic protocols in pigs (Sus crofa domestica)
Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences,, 2018
The pig (Sus scrofa domestica) is an animal used as an experimental model in surgical procedures. This makes the use of anaesthesia necessary. The present study constitutes a comparison between two different ketamine/xylazine concentration protocols. One protocol used ketamine 10% + xylazine 10% (high concentration), and the other ketamine 5% + xylazine 2% (low concentration). Concentrations were chosen since these are the most common presentations in the veterinary market. In the present experiments, twenty male and female pigs (Sus crofa domestica; 20 kg each), were assigned into two different groups. The first one was integrated by pigs treated with high concentration protocol (n = 10), and the second one, composed by pigs that received low concentration protocol (n = 10). Parameters measured were the time in which the animals were placed in sternal decubitus, and the heart rate. The effects of these drugs were considered not only specifically in its sedative effects, but also in the respiratory system. Based on these results, we conclude that the first protocol showed better results than the second one. The time in which the animals were placed in sternal decubitus was lower in the first one (p < 0.001). Differences between the effects on the respiratory system (p = 0.37) and sedative effects (p = 0.87) were not significant, even when focusing on the last measurement, higher concentration protocol was twenty percent (20%) more effective than lower.