Issues of Internal Migration in India: An Overview (original) (raw)

Internal Migration in India: Its Socio-Economic Determinants

2017

3. To assess the extent and pattern of internal labour migration in India. 4. To show the existing level of poverty, unemployment, human development index and other basic needs in Indian states where migration is mainly taking place. 5. To bring out the problems being faced by labour migrants postmigration. 6. To give policy suggestions for better opportunities for migrants. Review of Literature Harris and Todaro (1970) postulated that migration was driven by non-economic and irrational motivations, termed as the bright city lights. Regarding developing countries, they observe that migration is much higher in terms of absolute numbers of migrants due to urbanisation than in developed nations. They emphasised that rural-urban labour migration in LDCs take place due to an individual's expectation of higher urban income.

The Changing Pattern of Internal Migration in India Issues and Challenges

2012

This paper is an attempt to understand the emerging migration patterns in India and issues underlying it. With globalisation, urbanisation and accompanying changes in socio-economic conditions, migrants are attracted to urban areas in recent times. The emerging migration pattern depicts confinement of migrants in lower socio-economic class in Urban India in response to the macro economic reforms. The latest NSS data (2007/08) on migration reveals a gloomy and divergent picture of recent migrants who have migrated prior to five year. Inter-state migration among males to urban area shows precedence growth reflecting migration of people from lower socio-economic class. The negative inter relationship between per capita income and interstate migration rate further confirms it. A steady increase of urban migrants in lower economic class indicating migration is dominated by poorer sections. This finding is completely different from the last NSS round where a direct relation between econom...

Internal migration: An analysis of Problems faced by the migrants in India-A step to the solution

According to a UNESCO report entitled Social Inclusion of Internal Migrants in India (2013), three out of ten Indians are internal migrants. The population of internal migrants in India went up from 309 million in 2001 to 400 million in 2011. Migrants today face crucial problems regarding their identity , child education , health issues , problems faced by female migrants, legal aid, and other disputes. To over come these problems and to enhance the betterment and progress of migrant workers in India , some serious measures should be taken by the government and civil societies including NGOs. This paper tries to focus on some problems and its measures can be adopted for the betterment of internal migrants in india thus we can move together to a social progress.

Determinants and Consequences of different Streams of Internal Migration in India, 2011

Indian Journal of Spatial Science, 13(3), Autumn Issue, 2022

Migration is defined as the movement of people from one location to another; it can be permanent or temporary, as well as short or long-term. The study aims to analyze changing patterns of internal migration, and reasons for different types of streams of migration, and also focuses on its determinants and consequences in India on the basis of the Census. For the purpose of the study, data are used from three census years, 1991, 2001, and 2011. According to the Census reports, migrants are classified on the basis of place of birth and place of residence. The whole analysis of the study is carried out using statistical techniques like rates, ratios, and percentages. The rural-to-rural migration has consistently decreased over the three decades, wherein it was 64.51 % in 1991, 62.91 % in 2001, and 54.87 in 2011. Urban-to-urban migration among inter-state migrants was also relatively high (19.27%) and evenly distributed among males and females (Census 2011). It is interesting to note that work and employment acted as a catalyst for migration from rural to urban which accounted for 33.56% of migration in this stream. It is also found that employment is the main cause of the men's movement and marriage remains the most dominant for female migration. This study concludes that limited economic opportunities in rural areas motivate rural-urban movement, which is the most important migration trend. The study identifies the factors that influence internal migration and their effects on migration streams.

'Migration in India : Issues and Impacts'

Migration takes place in every society and the nation .It is a global phenomenon and experienced nationally and internationally i.e it can be interregional or interstate as well as international at the same time. It has always occurred in the past and continues even in the present. Migration from one area to another in search of improved livelihoods is a key feature of human history. The paper deal with internal migration in India. Internal migrants in India constitute a large population – 309 million internal migrants or 30 per cent of the population (census of India 2001) and by more recent estimates 326 million or 28.5 per cent of the population. (NSSO 2007-2008).. The main theme of the paper is to discuss the root causes known as the pull and push factors of migration along with its impacts. Migration primarily occurs due to disparities in regional development and due to many other factors like social, economic, environmental,political etc If well managed, migration can ensure a better living for the rural poor. In terms of the impacts of migration, the paper concludes that migration generally seems to have a positive impact on the household involved. But at the same time cities have become unmanageable because of uncontrolled migration of rural population to urban areas. It also analyses the NSSO 64 th Round(2007-08) data to study the emerging trends of the migration in India. Seventy per cent migration in the country is from rural area and thirty per cent from urban area. However, in Uttar Pradesh, the corresponding shares are eighty per cent and twenty per cent from rural and urban areas respectively.

Internal Labor Migration in India Raises Integration Challenges for Migrants

Internal migration spurred primarily by employment and marriage helps shape the economic, social, and political life of India's sending and receiving regions. About two out of ten Indians are internal migrants who have moved across district or state lines-a rate notable for the sheer numbers who move within a country with a population that tops 1.2 billion.

The Routes of Migration: A Multifaceted Evidences from India

Asian Social Work Journal, 2021

This article examines the trend and patterns of migration in India. Internal and international migration occurs in search of survival, fulfilment, and a better life. Over the last few decades, major driving forces for urbanisation all over the world and is of concern in Asia due to the raising magnitude. Hence, Due to urbanization and globalization generate enormous opportunities for employment and livelihood for people in the country. The large numbers of people moving internal migration as well as international migration in the different part of the countryside. Thus, the article discussed some of the important theoretical underpinnings of the issue of migration as reflected from India. However, this paper would orient towards the protection of labour rights and promote safe and secure working environments of the migrant workers, which will be a key to achieving the agenda of Sustainable Development Goal (SDGs) 2030.

A Study of Migration of Workers in India

The International Journal of Management, 2015

In some regions of India, three out of four households include a migrant. The effects of migration on individuals, households and regions add up to a significant impact on the national economy and society. Migration can result in the permanent relocation of an individual or household, which we may term permanent migration. But if individuals migrate leaving their families and land and property in the area of origin, they may do so with the intention of reverting back to the area of origin. Despite the numbers, not much is written on migration within or from India and its considerable costs and returns remain outside of the public policy dominion. This paper reviews key issues relating to internal and external labour migration in India. It analyses the patterns, trends and nature of labour migration, along with the reasons behind inter-state migration and also from gender perspectives. At present, Census results for migration are available only till 2001, whereas NSS results are avai...

Internal Migration in India: A trend of Million-Plus Cities in 2011

Scholars Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences

In the present times of the urbanising world, humans' migration plays a decisive role in urban centres' evolution, other than natural population growth. The highly urbanised centres across the globe, commonly labelled as the million-plus cities, act as a decisive pull factor for the migration among individuals, as these centres are the hubs of economic activities and immense opportunities. The present study made an effort to evaluate the internal migration trend of million-plus cities and their respective urban agglomerations in India. The migration data released by the Census of India was being used for 2001 and 2011 in the analysis. The growth rate and proportional percentage increase both total and gender-wise, of migrants were assessed. The findings depicted the influx of proportional in-migrants was more in southern India than in the north. Furthermore, in-migrants growth was more in the newly formed million-plus cities than the old established ones regardless of the la...

Determinants of internal migration: A Case study of urban informal sector of Punjab

2019

Migration is a universal phenomenon. Internal migration in India, particularly interstate and rural urban streams have increased in volume and importance over time. Internal migration in India does not fill demand and supply gaps only but acts as an instrument of survival for millions of poor population concentrated in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh etc. The present study tries to identify important determinants of internal migration in urban informal sector of Punjab. The study is based on primary survey of 500 respondents, 250 each in Ludhiana and Amritsar, the two largest cities of Punjab. Push and Pull factors in internal migration have been identified by applying Logit and Probit regression models. Majority of the internal migrants are young Hindu males who have migrated to Punjab during last fifteen years. Most of the migrant workers in urban informal sector are either illiterate or have low level of education and hence they have no option exc...