The influence of kappa number and surface energy on paper-to-paper friction (original) (raw)

Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal, 1999

Abstract

ABSTRACT : The objective of this investigation was to study the influence of the kappa number and extractives content on paper-to-paper friction and to explore whether the friction could be related to the surface free energy, measured by contact angle measurements. The experiments were performed on handsheets made from a number of commercial pulps with different kappa numbers. Both hardwood and softwood pulps were tested since they are known to have different amounts and different compositions of extractives. The chemical composition of the investigated handsheets made of softwood pulps had no influence on the friction. In contrast to the softwood papers, the friction of the hardwood paper increased when the extractives were removed. No general relation existed between friction and surface energy , determined by contact angle measurements. It still remains to be shown which is the key factor that describes the mechanism of paper-to-paper friction. The results also indicate the importance of knowing the prehistory of paper samples used for research within the field of friction.

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