Estimation of surface runoff potential of a watershed in semi-arid environment — A case study (original) (raw)
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IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
Jakarta is a capitol of Indonesia which is located at downstream part of Ciliwung river. Statistic shows that in 2015, there are more than 750,000 people living in Ciliwung watershed which cost the changes in land use and uncontrolled use of river banks for settlement and population activities. Increases of impervious area will be correlated with the surface runoff. The aim of this paper is to analyse the potential impact of land use change on the surface runoff at upper Ciliwung watershed using hydrological model HEC-GeoHMS. Initial condition of this model adopt the SCS-CN model that represent the Upper Ciliwung Watershed characteristic. Rainfall event on 3 February 2007, the highest rainfall in last decade, were analysed at this simulation. This event applied for different land use from 1990 until 2017, with land use change increase by 12% each year, a flood hazard analysis has been carried out and it showed that the area in highly peak flood increased by 30%.
Changes in land use/ cover have lead to increased water erosion in the Nam Chun watershed and flooding in lower areas. Deforestation and the use of heavy machinery for farming in the area are causing problems of soil degradation. One implication of this is that there is an increase in surface runoff as a result of land use management practices. In order to identify areas that require attention, it is necessary to quantify the volume of runoff taking these changes into account. Due to the spatial and temporal variability of the factors involved in surface runoff, the application of a modelling scheme in a GIS environment provides an efficient approach to determine areas of concern.
Analysis of Runoff Due to the Change in Land Use at the Watershed of Upstream Ciliwung
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum
Climate change has triggered extreme climate such as rising temperature, high rainfall intensity, rising sea water level, drought, and others (Thuc, 2014). Challenges of sustainable development are increases in various disasters, climate change and global crisis such as land use change, soil quality degradation, limited water and mineral, environmental pollution, and decreasing in biodiversity. The cause of flooding in Jakarta is due to the overflow of Ciliwung River. The changes of land use greatly affect Ciliwung River flow. Land degradation in upstream of Ciliwung watershed (Puncak area) has triggered new problem, annual flooding, especially in downstream area. The change of surface which cannot accommodate water, increasing runoff, moreover, the change of land condition which easily saturated, greatly affected the runoff conditions in Ciliwung watershed. This research using HEC-HMS software in order to know how the land uses changes and rainfall intensity affected the runoff. By...
ijetrm journal, 2022
Several River Basins across the world have been simulated using hydrological models to understand hydrological processes and the availability of water resources. In this study, the hydrological process performed using Remote Sensing data with GIS approach for 'Aunranga River' watershed to predict sustainable flood peaks using HEC-HMS model. This hydrological model computes losses to get excess precipitation and it is transformed into Direct Runoff Hydrograph for estimation of flood peaks of the watershed. As a primary component of Basin Model Manager of HMS, the losses were computed using spatial data of LU-LC and soil map with 3 different loss methods of 'Initial&Constant', 'Deficit&Constant' and Soil Conservation Service-Curve Number (SCS-CN) methods to derive peak flood at the outlet of the watershed. The excess precipitation after these losses has been transformed into direct runoff hydrograph using SCS-UH method. The estimated flood was routed through streams to the outlet of watershed using Muskingum method. In the secondary component of Meteorological Model Manager, specified hyetograph computations have prepared with a 29 years of daily rainfall data. The simulated peak flood with loss method of 'Initial& Constant' was obtained 78,045 m 3 /s, with 'Deficit& Constant' loss method obtained 78,065 m 3 /s and with SCS-CN loss method, the predicted peak flood obtained was 80,675 m 3 /s. A tiny higher percentage of 0.01% of peak flood was predicted from 'Initial&Constant' loss method compared with 'Deficit&Constant' loss method.The overall higher percentage of peak flood occurred by SCS-CN loss method by 1.2% than by other 2 loss methods. The Direct Runoff Volume (DRV) and Peak Flood discharges derived higher values for SC-CN loss method and Deficit&Constant loss method derived low values for both flow discharge and Direct Runoff Volume.
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management, 2022
In Indonesia, flooding is one of the natural hazards that often occurs during the rainy season. Surface runoff coefficient values are an essential indicator of the supply of regional water resources. The smaller the surface runoff value, the greater the water storage in the ground, and the smaller surface was running water. This study analyses the spatial and temporal distribution of the estimated surface runoff caused by land use/land cover changes in the upstream Citarum watershed. The study area is located in the upstream Citarum watershed, West Java, Indonesia. The site has a long history of flooding and various complex environmental problems. The geographic Information System method was used as a tool in analyzing the spatially and temporally. The research result shows that there has been a change in land cover in several periods of the year in the Citarum upstream watershed. The occurrence of the LULC phenomenon positively affects the surface runoff coefficient. The increasing...
Hydrological Modeling of Musi River Basin and Impact Assessment of Land Use Change on Urban Runoff
International Journal of Engineering Research and, 2017
The Hydrologic Modeling System is designed to simulate the precipitation-runoff processes of watershed systems. In this paper, a continuous simulation based hydrological model is developed through a distributed hydrological modeling approach for the Musi river basin, India using space inputs and impact assessment of land use/land cover change on runoff is done. The basin is geographically located between 17 0 58' N to 16 0 38' N latitude and 77 0 46'E to 79 0 48' E longitude.The hydrologic modeling approach includes rainfall-runoff modeling, flow routing, calibration and validation of the model with the field discharge data.To compute runoff volume,direct runoff and flow routing, methods like SCS Curve Number, Unit Hydrograph andMuskingum routing are chosen respectively. CARTO Digital Elevation Model (DEM) generated from Indian Remote Sensing Satellite Cartosat-1 of 30m resolution, land use/land cover derived from the Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS-P6) AWiFS data, and soil textural data obtained from National Bureau of Soil Sciences and Land Use Planning (NBSS&LUP) of the study area are used in the modeling. The model is calibrated using HEC Geo HMS for the years 2010 and 2011 and validated for 2013 by observed data. From the calibration and validation results, it is found that for calibration period of stream flow are good on daily basis (NSE= 0.73,0.71 and for validation period NSE=0.72). Over all W100 sub catchment in HEC Geo HMS model of Musi river basin which is covering most of the urban area assessed that increase in built-up area influenced increase in runoff and the runoff Coefficient for the years 2010, 2011 and 2013 were found to be 0.55, 0.59, and 0.68.
2011
This research constructed a hydrological model by means of available data, hydrological equations, and GIS program to find out the runoff dynamic on the study area. The runoff dynamic was analyzed by describing runoff on different land cover types, figuring the correlation between hydrological component and runoff, calculating the sensitivities of the hydrological components to runoff, and identifying the response of runoff to possible land cover change. The model resulted that the highest runoff occurred on built up area and the lowest occurred on cultivation area. Infiltration was also the hydrological component that mostly influenced runoff. Replacing forest, shrub, and plantation by cultivation greatly reduced runoff up to 49 %. Enlarging forest area increased runoff about 12 %. Based on those findings, the hydrological component having the strongest correlation with runoff gave the most influence to runoff change, and enlarging forest area does not always decrease runoff.
Forum Geografi, 2016
Watershed conditions in Indonesia have been degraded over time, which is marked by increasing area of critical land. The vast area of critical land was evidenced to be a serious threat for watershed carrying capacity which eventually affected the hydrology imbalance in the watershed area. One among watershed with degraded lands which seriously requires priority handling is Comal watershed. The purpose of this study is to identify the physical characteristics of Comal watershed which have significant influence in determining the runoff and calculating the runoff coefficient by taking into account the parameters of watershed’s physical characteristics. The method used in this analysis is Cook method, which is done through the estimation of runoff coefficient by evaluating the parameters of slope, infiltration, vegetation cover, and drainage density. The unit of analysis in this study is land mapping unit. Results of the four parameters are classified and the classification is done so...
Journal of Flood Risk Management, 2017
This study assessed flood inundation of the Ciliwung River Basin, Greater Jakarta to improve the urban water environment under climate change and unplanned urbanisation. The 1‐day maximum precipitation data for 50‐ and 100‐year return period under current and future climate conditions were used to assess the impact of climate change. Precipitation output of the MRI‐CGCM3, MIROC5, and HadGEM2‐ES General Circulation Models (GCMs) with RCP 4.5 and 8.5 emission scenario over periods 1985–2004 and 2020–2039 representing current and future climate conditions, respectively, were used. Similarly, land use data of 2009 and 2030 were used to represent the current and future conditions, respectively. The HEC‐HMS model was used to simulate the river discharge at Katulampa, which represents the outlet location for the hydrologic modelling and the inlet location for the flood inundation modelling. FLO‐2D, a two‐dimensional hydrodynamic model, was used to simulate current and future flood inundati...
ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
Hydrological modeling and the hydrological response to land-use/land-cover changes induced by human activities have gained enormous research interest over the last few decades. The study presented here analyzes the spatial and qualitative changes in the rainfall-runoff that have resulted from the land-cover changes between 1985-2014 in the Godavari River Basin using the Hydrologic Engineering Centre-Hydrologic Modeling System(HEC-HMS) model and remote sensing-GIS (geographic information system) techniques. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the dynamics of land-use/land-cover (LULC) changes for the years 1985, 1995, 2005, and 2014 for the Godavari Basin. The findings reveal an increase of 0.64% of built-up land, a decrease of 0.92% in shrubland, and an increase of 0.56% in waterbodies between 1985-2014. The LULC change detection results between the years 1985-2014 indicated a drastic change in the cropland, forest, built-up land, and water bodies among all of the other classes. The urbanization and agricultural activities are the major reasons for the increase of cropland, built-up land, and water bodies, at the expense of decreases in shrubland and forest. The study had an overall classification accuracy of 92% and an overall Kappa coefficient of 0.9. The HEC-HMS model is used to simulate the hydrology of the Godavari Basin. The analyses carried out were mainly focussed on the impact of LULC changes on the streamflow pattern. The surface runoff was simulated for the year 2014 to quantify the changes that have taken place due to changes in LULC. The observed and the simulated peak streamflow was found to be the same i.e., 56,780 m 3 /s on 9 September 2014. In the validation part, the linear regression method was used to correlate the observed and simulated streamflow data at the prominent gauge station of the Badrachalam outlet for the Godavari River Basin and give a correlation coefficient value of 0.83. It was found that the HEC-HMS model is compatible and works better for the rainfall-runoff modeling, as it takes into account the various parameters that are influencing the process. The hydrological modeling that was carried out using the HEC-HMS model has brought out the significant impact of LULCC on rainfall-runoff at the Pranhita sub-basinscale, indicating the model's ability to successfully accommodate all of the environmental and landscape variables. The study indicates that deforestation at the cost of urbanization and cropland expansions leads to decreases in the overall evapotranspiration (ET) and infiltration, with an increase in runoff. The results of the study show that the integration of remote sensing, GIS, and the hydrological model (HEC-HMS) can solve hydrological problems in a river basin.