Influence of dehulling on the apparent metabolisable energy and ileal amino acid digestibility of grain legumes for broilers (original) (raw)
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Journal of Applied Animal Nutrition, 2021
The influence of method (direct vs difference method) used to determine the apparent ileal digestibility coefficient (AIDC) of amino acids in two cereals (maize and wheat) and two grain legumes (Australian sweet lupins and peas) was investigated. For the direct method, the test ingredients were incorporated as the sole source of protein in assay diets. The assay diets used in the difference method were formulated by substituting the cereals and legumes for 50 and 25% (w/w), respectively, of a maize-soy basal diet. Each diet contained 3 g/kg titanium dioxide as an indigestible marker and were offered ad libitum to four replicate cages of broilers (four birds/cage) from d 28 to d 35 post-hatching. On d 35, digesta were collected from the terminal ileum and the AIDC of amino acids were calculated using marker ratios in the diet and digesta. Except for histidine, methionine, cysteine and tyrosine, the main effect of methods was found to be significant (P<0.05 to 0.001) for the AIDC o...
Journal of Animal Science and Technology
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of bird age on apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) for 10-d-old Experiment (Exp. 1) and 22-d-old (Exp. 2) male broilers. This study investigated the effects of different broiler ages and feed ingredients on AID and SID of AA in corn and soybean meal (SBM). Four hundred and eighty (age = 7 d; initial body weight [BW] = 173.4 ± 12.65 g) and 192 (age = 18 d; initial BW = 772.2 ± 62.13 g) birds were allocated to three dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with eight replicate cages per treatment. Two diets were formulated based on corn or SBM as the sole source of AA in the diet. A nitrogen-free diet was also formulated to measure basal endogenous losses of AA. Experimental diets were given for 3 and 4 days in Exps. 1 and 2, respectively. An interaction was observed (p < 0.05) between the age of birds and the type of ingredient for the AID of most AA, except for methionine, valine, cysteine (Cys), and tyrosine; however, the effects of age and type of ingredients were diminished in the SID of AA, except for histidine, isoleucine, leucine (Leu), phenylalanine, alanine (Ala), and glutamic acid (Glu). The AID of AA, except for Leu and Cys and the SID of AA, except for Leu, Ala, Glu, and Pro in SBM were greater (p < 0.05) than in corn. As the age of birds increased from 10 to 22 d, digestibility of all AA increased (p < 0.05), regardless of the expression of AA digestibility (i.e., AID and SID). In conclusion, the AID and SID of AA in both corn and SBM increased with increasing age, and the AID and SID of AA in SBM were greater than in corn.
Poultry Science, 2014
The objective of this study was to determine the standardized ileal amino acid digestibility (SIAAD) of 7 meat and bone meal (MBM) and 3 soybean meal (SBM) samples in broilers (Ross 708) and laying hens (Hy-line W36). All 10 feed ingredients were evaluated in 21-d-old broiler chickens and 30-or 50-wkold laying hens. Standardization was accomplished by correcting for basal ileal endogenous amino acid losses using a nitrogen-free diet. Broilers were reared in cages from d 0 to 16 on a standard broiler starter diet adequate in all nutrients and energy; thereafter, they were allotted to treatments using a randomized complete design with 6 replicate cages of 8 birds each. For the laying hens, 6 replicate cages of 6 birds each (542 cm 2 / bird) were used. Each treatment diet, which was fed for 5 d, was semipurified, with MBM or SBM being the sole source of amino acids in each diet. Ileal endogenous amino acid losses were not different between broilers and the 2 groups of laying hens. Meat and bone meal from different locations varied widely in digestibility. Broilers had higher (P < 0.05) SIAAD in 4 of the 7 MBM samples. In 2 of the 3 SBM samples, broilers had higher (P < 0.05) SIAAD for most of the nonessential amino acids. Generally, hens had 6.4 and 7.7% units less Met and Lys digestibility of all MBM samples after standardization. Dry matter digestibility values of the SBM samples were higher (P < 0.05) in broilers. Likewise, broilers had 4.1 and 1.5% units more Met and Lys digestibility of all the SBM samples evaluated compared with those from laying hens. The results of these experiments suggest that differences exist in the digestive capabilities of laying hens and broilers, which indicates that species-specific nutrient digestibility values or adjustments may be needed.
Global Journal of Animal Scientific Research, 2015
The study was conducted to investigate the effects of protein sources or diets, amino acid and mineral retentions in the digesta of broiler chickens fed diets based on vegetable protein diets with and without supplementation of microbial enzymes. A total of 160 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) was assigned randomly into four dietary treatments, each replicated five times with eight chicks per replicate, in a (2 × 2) factorial design. Two basal diets were formulated with soybean (SBM75-) and canola (CM75-) meals at a ratio of 3:1 along with basal grains, and fed to the birds ad libitum as such or supplemented with enzymes from 1-35 days. Parameters measured are amino acids (Histidine, Arginine, Glycine, Threonine, Lysine, Methionine, Valine, Iso-leucine, Leucine, and Phenylalanine) and mineral contents (Mn, Cu, Zn, Ca, Mg, Na, K and P) from the digesta samples of broilers collected on 21d and 35 days, respectively. The concentrations of all amino acids measured here were increased (P<0.05; P<0.01) in the digesta of birds fed on SBM75diet compared to those birds fed on CM75diet on day 21. The retentions of almost all amino acids were similar (P>0.05) between two test diets, except for arginine which was increased (P<0.05) in SBM75diet compared to CM75diet when fed the birds on 35d. The retentions of Cu, Zn, and Ca found in ilelaldigest a were increased (P<0.05; P<0.01) in chicks fed on SBM75diets, but not the contents of Mg, Na and P, which were higher (P<0.01) in CM75diets on day 21. Only the retentions of Cu, Zn, Ca, P, and Mg were increased (P<0.05; P<0.01) in chicks fed on SBM75diets compared to those fed on CM75diets on day 35d. Enzyme had influenced (P<0.05) the Na and Cu contents at 21d and 35days, respectively. It can be concluded that dietary protein sources influenced the micro-nutrients (amino acid and mineral) retentions in the digesta of broiler chickens with a little effect of enzymes on the mineral contents only.
Energy values and standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in some feedstuffs for broilers
Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 2019
The objective of this study was to determine the energy values, standardized ileal digestibility coefficients and digestible amino acid contents of parboiled brown rice bran (PBRB), protein sorghum meal (PSM) and bread waste meal (BWM) in broiler diets. In the first trial, 144 broiler chicks at 14 days of age were evaluated in a completely randomized design involving three feedstuffs + a control diet, with six replicates and six birds per experimental unit. The total excreta collection method was adopted to determine the energy values of the feedstuffs. In the second trial, 144 broilers at 24 days of age were used in a completely randomized design involving three feedstuffs + a protein-free diet, with six replicates and six birds per experimental unit. Ileal digesta was harvested to determine the standardized ileal digestibility coefficients and digestible amino acid contents of the feedstuffs. The nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) values of PBRB, PSM and BWM w...
Standardised Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility of Selected Feedstuffs in Broiler Chicken
Egyptian Poultry Science Journal, 2020
Standardised Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility (SIAAD) of maize, wheat, soybean meal (SM), groundnut cake (GC) and rice bran (RB) in broiler finisher diets was investigated. Three hundred and sixty 35-day old Arbor Acre broiler chicks were randomly allotted to a Nitrogen-Free Diet (NFD) and five semi-purified diets containing each of the test feedstuffs (maize, wheat, SM, GC and RB) as the sole source of protein. Diets were fed to ten birds of six replicates up to day-42 in a randomised complete block design. Chromic oxide (5 g/kg) was added to the feed as an indigestible dietary marker. Six birds per replicate were asphyxiated with CO2 and digesta samples were collected from terminal ileum on day 42. The endogenous amino acid losses (EAAL), apparent ileal amino acid digestibility (AIAAD) and SIAAD were estimated. Highest EAAL concentration was found in threonine (0.29g/kg), while glutamic acid and alanine (0.03g/kg) had the least. Total AIAAD were 69.47, 59.49, 70.48, 73.04 and 62.21%...
Standardized ileal amino acid digestibility in wheat, barley, pea and flaxseed for broiler chickens
Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 2011
Bandegan A., Golian, A., Kiarie E., Payne R. L., Crow G. H., Guenter W. and Nyachoti C. M. 2011. Standardized ileal amino acid digestibility in wheat, barley, pea and flaxseed for broiler chickens. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 103–111. Experiments were conducted to estimate ileal amino acids (AA) digestibility in six wheat (exp. 1; 288 birds), seven barley (exp. 2; 252 birds), five pea (exp. 3; 240 birds) and five flaxseed (exp. 4; 216 birds) samples in male Ross broiler chicks. Wheat, barley and pea were the sole source of dietary AA in exps. 1, 2 and 3, whereas, for exp. 4, flaxseed and wheat (50:50 wt/wt) or wheat provided dietary AA. Chromic oxide was the indigestible marker. Birds were fed chick starter for the first 14 d; on day 15 each test diet was randomly assigned to six cages, each with six (exps. 2 and 4) or eight (exps. 1 and 3) birds. On day 21, birds were killed and digesta were sampled to determine the apparent ileal AA digestibility (AID). The standardized ileal digestibi...
Effect of free-choice feeding on the performance and ileal digestibility of nutrients in broilers
Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola, 2005
An experiment was conducted to study ileal digestibility of nutrients and to verify the ability of broilers to select feed in order to meet their requirements for protein and energy. The treatments consisted of six diets: R+S: free-choice feeding with rice bran (energy) and soybean meal (protein); C+G: free-choice feeding with corn (energy) and corn gluten meal (protein); R+G: free-choice feeding with rice bran (energy) and corn gluten meal (protein); C+S: free-choice feeding with corn (energy) and soybean meal (protein); R+C+G+S: free-choice feeding with rice bran and corn (energy) and corn gluten meal and soybean meal (protein); and BD: basal diet represented by a complete diet composed of 63% corn and 33% soybean meal. The results indicated that the adjustment to nutritional requirements does not depend only on the ability of birds to select feed. It might also depend on intake and ingredient quality, since some ingredients did not provide a balanced amount of nutrients. The birds were able to fulfill their requirements for maintenance, that is, they consumed the minimum amount of amino acids (g per day) for maximum growth. The free-choice group with corn gluten meal as the protein source had the worst performance, which indicated that this feed is not recommended as a primary source of amino acids for broilers. The C+G diet presented the highest digestibility coefficient of dry matter and crude protein, whereas the C+S diet resulted in the highest digestibility coefficient of ether extract and nitrogen-free extract, indicating that diet digestibility was affected by the type of feed used as energy and protein sources. In general, the high digestibility values indicate that broilers are able to efficiently digest and absorb the supplied feed.
Poultry Science, 2020
The aim of present study was to determine the influence of the feed form (FF) on standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of nitrogen (N) and amino acids (AA) in 3 protein sources (PS) for broiler chickens. Six diets were tested in a 3 ! 2 factorial arrangement of treatments involving 3 PS (meat and bone meal [MBM], soybean meal [SBM], and canola meal [CM]) in mash and pelleted forms. The basal endogenous N and AA losses were determined by offering a N-free diet in the mash form. From day 1 to 18, the birds were offered a broiler starter diet. The diets and the N-free diet were randomly assigned to 6 replicate cages (8 birds per cage) and fed from day 19 to 23. The ileal digesta were collected on day 23. The SID of N was higher (P , 0.05) in SBM followed by MBM and CM. The average SID of AA in SBM and MBM were similar (P. 0.05), and greater (P , 0.05) than that in CM. The FF had no influence (P. 0.05) on the SID of indispensable AA, the only exception being His, which was reduced (P , 0.05) by pelleting. Pelleting, however, resulted in reduction (P , 0.001) in the SID of all dispensable AA and average of AA. The AA most affected by pelleting was Cys, with a 15.4% decrease in the SID. The standardized ileal digestible contents of protein and the average of indispensable AA and dispensable AA were higher in MBM than in SBM, with CM being the lowest. Pelleting decreased (P , 0.05) the digestible protein and total digestible AA contents. These findings reveal that the FF has a substantial impact on AA digestibility estimates of feed ingredients and it must be considered in AA digestibility assays of ingredients with high protein and AA contents.