Role of mechanical action in low-temperature cotton scouring with F. solani pisi cutinase and pectate lyase (original) (raw)

Cutinase and pectinase in cotton bioscouring: an innovative and fast bioscouring process

Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, 2008

This manuscript describes the potential of a cutinase from the fungus Fusarium solani pisi for cotton wax degradation in order to design an efficient low temperature scouring process. The main characteristics, relevant to cotton wax removal with F. solani pisi cutinase are given. The additive effect of cutinase on pectinase was investigated and optimum incubation conditions were determined. Compatibility of cutinase with surfactants, essential for the rapid migration of enzymes into the fabric, is explored. A clear strategy is presented to achieve a rapid enzymatic cotton scouring process. Wax removal with cutinase reduces pectinase incubation time and increases the hydrolytic rate of pectinase. Cutinase appears to be effective in the degradation of cotton waxes at low-temperature, allowing the design and introduction of a competitive innovative enzymatic scouring process.

Wax removal for accelerated cotton scouring with alkaline pectinase

Biotechnology Journal, 2007

Scouring of cotton textiles is an essential treatment in wet textile processing to obtain a sufficiently hydrophilic fabric . In cotton, non-cellulosic materials create a physical hydrophobic barrier to protect the fibre from the environment throughout its development. During scouring, waxes and other hydrophobic materials are removed from the cotton fibres. In aqueous textile processing the wax-es and pectins impede wetting and wicking, subsequently obstructing aqueous treatments . Conventionally, scouring is done in a hot aqueous solution of NaOH to remove hydrophobic components from the primary wall, e.g. pectin, protein and organic acids and the cuticle-waxes and fats . However, alkaline scouring is a non-specific process. The use of high concentrations of NaOH also requires neutralization of wastewater. Even though alkaline scouring is effective and the costs of NaOH are low, the scouring process is rather inefficient because it consumes large quantities of water and energy. It is clear that this process needs to be improved considerably to meet today's energy and environmental demands. In the last couple of years, substantial research has been directed towards replacing this process with an enzymatic one .

The performance of cutinase and pectinase in cotton scouring

Advances in biotechnology and enzymology have brought new lines of research and have accelerated the development of enzymatic applications in wet textile processing for now nearly one decade. Amongst the various stages of cotton preparation, wet textile processing is a highly energy, water and chemicals consuming step. Enzymes are known for their specificity, high efficiency and ability to work under mild conditions and provide a promising solution to these challenges.

Effect of some process parameters in the enzymatic scouring of cotton using an acid pectinase

Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 2004

An analysis of variance has been applied to study the individual effects and the interaction between the process parameters, temperature, pH, and surfactant concentration, in the bioscouring of cotton fibers with an acid pectinase. This study indicates that increasing the temperature does not increase the total percentage of bioscouring but accelerates the rate of the process. The pH and surfactant seem to be determinant for the optimal enzyme performance under the studied conditions.

Potential use of cutinase in enzymatic scouring of cotton fiber cuticle

2002

The present study characterized the ability of a bacterial cutinase to improve the wettability of raw cotton fabrics by specific hydrolysis of the cutin structure of the cuticle. The effect of cutinase was studied alone and in coreaction with pectin lyase. The changes in both the fabric and the reaction fluid were measured and compared to enzymatic hydrolysis with polygalacturonase, and to chemical hydrolysis with boiling NaOH. Water absorbancy, specific staining, fabric weight loss, and evaporative light-scattering reversephase high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of chloroform extract of the reaction fluid were measured to assess the enzymatic hydrolysis of the cuticle waxy layer. The pattern and extent of hydrolysis of the major cuticle constituents depended on the enzyme type and titers employed and paralleled the degree of wettability obtained. The combination of cutinase and pectin lyase resulted in a synergistic effect. The use of detergents improved enzymatic scouring. The major products released to the reaction medium by the cutinase treatment were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis as C:16 and C:18 saturated fatty acid chains.

Mechanism of enzymatic scouring on cotton fabric using pectinase, protease, lipase and cellulase

2006

This research revealed the mechanism of enzymatic scouring of cotton fabric using 4 commercial enzymes: pectinase, lipase, protease, and cellulase. The mechanism was established based on results from the analyses of the hydrolyzed products and the scoured fabrics after scouring using a one-step process with pectinase and a two-step process with either lipase then cellulase, protease then cellulase, or lipase/protease then cellulase. Three analytical techniques consisting of UV-Vis spectrophotometry, HPLC and GC were used to determine the amounts of reducing sugars, galacturonic acid, amino acids, and fatty acids from the hydrolyses of cellulose, pectins, proteins, and waxes/fats respectively, and other tests were performed on scoured fabrics. UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis indicated that the pectinase scouring process produced approximately 18 fold higher amounts of reducing sugars and galacturonic acid than any of the two-step scouring processes. The production rate of reducing...

Bioscouring of cotton with pectinase enzyme

Journal of the Society of …, 1998

We have studied bioscouring of cotton using pectinase enzyme, together with multiple mixed surfactants and o-limonene as scouring assistants. The effectiveness of the bioscouring was evaluated by means of wetness testing, weight-loss measurement of cotton substrate and analyses of the amounts of pectic substance and cotton wax remaining in the substrate after scouring. The cotton fabrics bioscoured with pectinase showed improved wetness but much less wax was removed than by the conventional alkaline process. The improved wetness of the bioscoured cotton reverted to that of the original following a thermal process, indicating that the thermal process caused wax that had remained inside the bioscoured cotton to migrate to the surface. We found that addition of small amounts of nonionic surfactants in the bioscouring solution greatly enhanced the effectiveness of the removal of cotton wax without inhibiting the activity of pectinase enzyme. The characteristics of cotton bioscoured by the pectinase-surfactant system were equivalent to or better than those of cotton produced by the conventional alkaline process.

Synergism between Cutinase and Pectinase in the Hydrolysis of Cotton Fibers' Cuticle

Catalysts, 2021

Scouring is one of the initial steps in the processing of natural textile fibers (e.g., cotton), performed to remove waxes and pectins, together with spinning oils and other impurities of the plant cell cuticle. Traditional chemical bleaching with boiling NaOH led to harsh removal of the entire fabric’s cuticle waxy layer accompanied by an unwanted alkaline waste. Extracellular lytic enzymes such as lipases, cellulases and pectinases play an essential role in host plant-pathogen interactions. They degrade the plant cuticle and tissue and enable pathogen invasion. Such enzymes, specifically cutinase and pectinase, have been considered potential bio-scouring agents to degrade the cotton fabric cuticle’s outer layer at low temperature and alleviate environmental pollution. In this work, the combined effect of cutinase, pectin lyase, or polygalacturonase on the scouring of cotton fabrics was studied using evaporative light-scattering reverse-phase HPLC and GC-MS analysis of the reaction components, and measuring changes in the cotton fabrics’ properties. The traditional method of cotton fabrics’ scouring with NaOH resulted in decreased pectin content and increased cellulose fibers accessibility, evaluated by specific staining. Treating the cotton fibers’ cuticle with cutinase led to the acidification of the reaction mixture, a decrease in enzyme-specific activity, and elevation in hexadecanoic acid and octadecanoic acids in the reaction fluid. These two saturated fatty acids are the main wax constituents of raw cotton fabrics, identified using GC-MS after dichloromethane reflux overnight. Treating cotton fabrics with each of the three enzymes, cutinase, pectin lyase, or polygalacturonase, increased their pectin removal, as measured by high concentrations of D-galacturonic acid and other pectin constituents in the reaction fluid. A synergistic effect was found in the combined treatment of cutinase and pectin lyase in the hydrolysis of the cotton fibers’ cuticle. This effect was expressed in high water absorbency of the treated fibers, increased fabric weight loss and sharp elevation of a cutin and pectin monomer’s related peaks (retention time [RT] = 4.1 min and 2.9, 4.5 min, respectively). A model was suggested for the synergistic action between cutinase and pectin lyase. It assumes that the cuticle’s digestion by cutinase results in the enlargement and formation of outer layer micropores, which enables the rapid penetration of pectinase into the inner pectin layer.

Pectin-Degrading Enzymes for Scouring Cotton

ACS Symposium Series, 1998

In our previous study, a pectinase was found to improve the surface wetting properties of greige cotton fabrics following a water pretreatment at 100°C. This study further evaluated seven pectin- degrading enzymes, i.e., four pectinases, two pectinesterases, and a pectin lyase, for scouring raw cotton fabrics. Three of the pectinases significantly improved the wettability of cotton fabrics following a 100°C water pretreatment to the same extent as alkaline scouring. The other pectinase, pectinesterases and pectin lyase had no beneficial effects on improving the wettability of raw cotton fabrics. Reaction conditions for the three pectinase treatments were optimized in respect to temperature, concentration, pH, and time. The pectinase treated fabrics did not exhibit additional shrinkage, color change, nor significant strength loss from the fabrics pretreated in water at 100°C.

Scouring of Cotton with Cellulases, Pectinases and Proteases

2004

Cotton may contain between 4 and 12% by weight of impurities in the form of waxes, proteins, pectins, ash, and miscellaneous substances such as pigments, hemicelluloses and reducing sugars. These impurities are removed from the fabric by scouring, since their hydrophobic nature negatively affects the enhancement of the fabric’s wettability and absorbency. In this work, pectinase, protease and cellulase were used in various combinations for different treatment times, either in the baths containing one enzyme or different enzyme combinations, in order to evaluate the effects of these enzymes on 100% cotton fabric’s wettability and absorbency. At the end of the enzymatic and alkaline scourings, the wettability and absorbency properties of the garments were evaluated in terms of wettability, CIE*L, WI values and pectin analysis by Ruthenium Red dyeing. Furthermore, the effects of bioscouring on bleaching and dyeing were also investigated. At the end of the evaluation tests, it was found...