Body sway and performance at competition in male pistol and rifle Olympic shooters (original) (raw)
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IFMBE proceedings, 2017
Posture stability and consistency is one of the important factors in shooting. The study aims to investigate the correlation between the stability parameters and score for air rifle and air pistol shooters. It also explores and compare the dominant inter variable correlation among pistol and rifle shooters. 11 Malaysian shooting athletes (6 air rifle and 5 air pistol) participated in the study. The data were collected (Male athletes fired 60 competition shots in 75 minutes while female athletes fired 40 competition shots within 50 minutes) during training. Scoring value was obtained from electronic scoring system and Scatt system. Simultaneously, Tekscan pressure insoles were used to collect data from all shooters. Dependent variables such as body weight distribution percentage, anterior-posterior displacement velocity and medial-lateral displacement velocity were extracted for analysis from all shots. Bivariate correlation analyses were applied to obtain correlation strength from analyzed parameters. Overall, there were no strong correlations between investigated variables with score for both air pistol and rifle athletes. The highest correlation value for air pistol shooters was found between anterior-posterior displacement velocity of right feet and medial-lateral displacement velocity of left feet (r = 0.948). Meanwhile, air rifle shooters exhibit the highest correlation value between the medial-lateral displacement velocity and anterior-posterior displacement velocity of left feet (r = 0.991). Based on intra-individual analysis, moderate correlation between score and percentage of weight placed on both feet existed for one female air pistol shooter.The scores obtained by shooter are not highly influenced by the body weight distribution percentage and centre of pressure displacement velocity. The air pistol shooters display a higher number of strongly correlated variables than air rifle shooters. Interrelationship between the variables existed for pistol shooters where displacement velocity in right feet influenced the displacement velocity in left feet and vice versa. Based on the intra-individual analysis that was conducted, 2 pistol athletes and 1 rifle athlete was found to have correlation between investigated variables and score.
Journal of Sports Sciences, 2019
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of maximal specific physical effort on postural balance and rifle stability in biathletes in a standing shooting position. The study included 10 junior elite biathletes. The measurements were taken with the Vicon system and AMTI force platform. Postural balance and rifle stability characteristics were determined at rest as well as 1 and 5 min post maximal specific physical effort which was performed on a ski ergometer and continued until exhaustion. Maximal physical effort exerted a significant effect on all examined postural sway and rifle sway characteristics. The duration of the post-exercise changes was longer than 5 minutes. Higher posteffort rifle sway was observed in the vertical direction than in the across the shooting line direction. Post-effort postural balance impairment in the shooting line was much greater than in the across the shooting line direction. Moreover, a strong correlation was found between postural balance and rifle stability. Maximal physical effort influenced postural balance and rifle stability during aiming. Rifle sway during aiming in a standing shooting position seems to be coordinated with the postural sway of the biathlete's body. Thus, an increase in postural sway contributes to greater sway and lesser stability of the rifle.
1999
The purpose of this study is to analyze the individual rifle-shooting sport technique of an international level shooter defining the factors of mechanical instability that have negative effects on the performance. Kinematic and stabilometric data were registered by means of a sonic digitiser synchronised with a force platform. Postural stability has been evaluated for ten intervals of the last five seconds of the aiming time. Multivariate analysis techniques allowed to identify two factors of 'postural instability' that explain the 78.8% of the total variability. Namely, 'instability of the segment pelvis during the 7th interval of the aiming time' and 'instability of the structure that form the rifle and the supporting it upper trunk during the final second of the aiming line'. The results provide objective information respect to the motor patterns in the rifle-shooting justifying the proposed theoretical model for the identification of the postural stabilit...
Male and Female Elite Malaysian Air Rifle Shooter: A Preliminary Study
ISBS Proceedings Archive, 2018
Shooting is sport that involves precision and consistency. In order to achieve high score, shooters are encouraged to minimize movements. One of the parameter that is commonly used to measure stability of movement is body sway. Commonly used parameter to measure body sway is displacement velocity. Shooting is a static sport and as the number of shots increases, athletes are bound to feel more fatigue. The purpose of the data collection is to investigate how the increasing number of shots influences the displacement velocity parameters and if the variables influence the score obtained by the athletes. 2 shooters (1 male and 1 female) were involved in this study. The data collection was conducted abiding the format of international shooting competition where male athletes shoot 60 shots in 75 minutes while female athletes shoot 40 shots within 50 minutes. Tekscan insoles were utilized to obtain data from the athletes. Data of athletes were analyzed using the SPSS16 software. There were no correlations found between the investigated parameters and score. However, there are correlations with weak and moderate strength that was found between investigated stability variables.
European Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 2018
Shooting is a high precision sport, where high level performance requires several physical capacities, striking control, experience, posture control and skill of a shooter. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the shooting performance and physical capacities of the competing shooters. A total of 19 shooters participated as volunteers in the Turkish Championship youth category. Anthropometric measurements and shooting scores were recorded. Hand grip strength, flexibility, reaction time, dynamic balance, maximal oxygen consumption and respiratory function tests were applied. The correlation between shooting performance and respiratory function parameters, motoric characteristics were examined by Pearson Correlation analysis. A statistically significant correlation was found between the flexibility and shooting performance (p 0.05). Motoric properties and respiratory control are important factors for successful shooting. The results of this study can pro...
Biomedical Human Kinetics
Study aim: As studies from shooting disciplines other than biathlon have observed associations between weapon accelerations and shooting performance, this study investigated whether accelerations of the rifle stock and aiming point (the point on the target where the rifle is aimed at) are associated with shooting performance, and differences in rifle and aiming point accelerations between the most and least accurate shots. Further, associations between rifle and aiming point accelerations were studied. Materials and methods: Shooting performance (HitDist, hit point distance from the center of the target) along with rifle and aiming point accelerations were measured from nine biathletes who performed 6×5 biathlon prone and standing shots. Results: In the prone posture, rifle or aiming point accelerations were neither associated with shooting performance nor with each other. In the standing posture, vertical rifle accelerations right before triggering were negatively associated with H...
Balance Training and Shooting Performance: The Role of Load and the Unstable Surface
Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 2024
Military and law enforcement members’ shooting ability is influenced by their postural balance, which affects their performance and survivability. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a proprioception training program (standing or walking on unstable surfaces) on postural balance and shooting performance. Twenty participants, divided into two groups, completed 60 shots in a shooting simulator while standing, before and after a 4-week proprioception training program. One group (n = 10) followed the training program (EXP), while the other group followed the regular military academy program (CON). The shooting was conducted under four conditions: without load on a stable surface, with load on a stable surface, without load on an unstable surface, and with load on an unstable surface. The findings reveal that the training program had a significant impact on the EXP, improving their balance (p < 0.01). Additionally, only in the EXP, shooting score and the percentage center of gravity increased (p < 0.01) and the stability of the shots, measured by holding time on the target, doubled from 2.2 to 4.5 s (p < 0.01). These improvements were more pronounced when participants had a load and/or were on an unstable surface. In conclusion, a proprioception training program could be beneficial for improving postural balance and shooting performance.
2017
Background: Archery is a close skill sport in which the archer interacts with body and equipment. The interaction between the archer’s body and the equipment could influence archery shooting scores. It is vital for an archer to be cognisance with any movements during these interactions process. Objectives: This study investigates the various biomechanical interactions and their association with archery performance. A total of 32 archers drawn from different programmes participated in the study. Materials and Methods: A sum of four shimmer sensors were used to examine, compare and differentiate the postural sway, movement of the bow, muscular activations of the muscle flexor digitorum superfcial, muscle extensor digitorum and resting heart rate of the archers. The archers shoot six arrows at a distance of 50 m, and the selected parameters were streamed during the aiming, stance and the releasing phases of the arrows in real time at a sampling rate of 51.2 Hz using an Android phone. Results: Cluster analysis classifed the archers into two groups, namely, high-performance archers (HPA) and low-performance archers (LPA). Standard, step-wise backward and step-wise discriminant analysis differentiated the two groups with three and two dependents variables with an acceptable accuracy of 83.38% and 90.63%. Pairwise t-test comparisons revealed that HPA shows higher muscular extensor activations and lower postural sway with greater shooting scores while LPA recorded higher postural sway and corresponding lower shooting scores. Conclusions: Some biological and biomechanical related parameters such as muscle extensor activation and postural sway could determine shooting accuracy in archery sport
Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation
This study aims to examine the relationship between postural performance, physical fitness level, and shooting performance in Olympic female goalball players. Eight Olympic-level goalball players (age: 20.63±4.37 years) were recruited from the Turkish National Women’s Goalball Team. Postural stability, physical fitness, and shooting performance of the players were measured. The postural stability was determined using body sway measurements during parallel and single-leg stances on a force plate. The physical fitness level of the players is evaluated by curl-up, isometric push-up, trunk lift, and grip strength (dominant hand) tests. A goalball-specific shooting accuracy test was used for shooting performance. Independent sample t-test and Pearson correlation were used for statistical processing. No statistical difference was observed in body sway parameters between open eyes and closed eyes conditions except for the anteroposterior sway area. Some of the body sway parameters performe...