Photodegradation of Rhodamine-B using Gallium Hybrids as an Efficient Photocatalyst (original) (raw)
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Chemical Physics Impact, 2023
Herein, a cost-effective and nontoxic method was employed for the synthesis of g-C3N4-FeVO4 heterojunction nanocomposite photocatalyst. In this method, first g-C3N4 was synthesized from urea by chemical free thermal treatment method. Then FeVO4 nanomaterial was introduced on its surface by co-precipitation method. The prepared nanocomposite was characterized by XRD, Raman, FTIR, XPS, FESEM, and UV-DRS to determine the crystalline phase, functionality, bonding, morphology and band gap. The synthesized nanomaterial was used for the photocatalytic degradation of highly carcinogenic rhodamine B (Rh B) dye from aqueous solution using solarlight irradiation. The composite has remarkably higher photocatalytic behavior compared to pure g-C3N4 and FeVO4. Again, the degradation rate constant of Rh B for g-C3N4-FeVO4 is remarkably more compare to its parent materials. The pattern of the heterojunction formation between g-C3N4 and FeVO4 helps to separate the electron pair thereby increased the photoactivity properties of the composite. Scavenger studies were also performed in order to understand the mechanism of photodegradation. It was observed that along with the electron and hole pairs generated by light photons, hydroxide radicals play an important role in the degradation mechanism
PHOTODEGRADATION OF RHODAMINE 6G IN PRESENCE OF Ag/TiO2 PHOTOCATALYST
SIMI 2018
In this work, the commercial titanium dioxide P25 was doped with silver ions via wet impregnation method, in order to improve its catalytic activity. It is already well established that Ag ions can improve the activity of a catalyst and diminish the electron-holes recombination rate. The catalysts obtained by samples calcination at 450 and 600 o C were tested as heterogeneous photocatalysts in the degradation of Rhodamine 6G, a very stable fluorescent dye. The obtained results confirm the improvement of the catalytic activity, compared to TiO2 P25. Despite the degradation efficiency is not very high, it is worthy to note that the Ag doped catalyst has a higher activity compared to commercial P25. Thus, we can conclude that modifying the catalyst surface leads to an improvement of the properties, probably by forming an intermediate energy level between the valence and conduction bands of TiO2.
Water pollution by the textile industry is a major issue. Therefore, there is a need for methods to remove organic dyes from industrial effluents. Various metal oxides have been used as catalysts for the degradation of dyes. The catalytic efficiency of metal oxides can be enhanced by doping metal oxides with metals. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of nano-sized mixed valence manganese oxide (MnxOy) and silver-doped mixed valence manganese oxide (Ag@MnxOy). We study their photocatalytic efficiency for the photo-degradation of the rhodamine B dye under light irradiation. MnxOy was prepared using KMnO4, MnSO4 and NH3, and Ag@MnxOy was prepared using AgNO3 and Calotropis gigantea plant extract. The prepared materials were characterized by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Results show that doping with Ag enhanced the photo-catalytic performance of MnxOy from 11 to 28% and 45 to 91% degradation of rhodamine B dye in 15 and 120 min, respectively. This enhancement is explained by the fact that Ag doping prevents the recombination of photoexcited electrons and positive holes, thus enhancing the photo-catalytic activity of MnxOy.
Scientific Reports, 2023
The current investigation deals with the simple and ecological synthesis of CaO, MgO, CaTiO 3, and MgTiO 3 for the photocatalytic dilapidation of rhodamine B dye. CaO was procured from chicken eggshell waste by calcination process, while MgO was produced by solution combustion method using urea as a fuel source. Furthermore, CaTiO 3 and MgTiO 3 were synthesized through an easy and simple solid-state method by mixing thoroughly the synthesized CaO or MgO with TiO 2 before calcination at 900 °C. XRD and EDX investigations confirmed the phase formation of the materials. Moreover, FTIR spectra revealed the existence of Ca-Ti-O, Mg-Ti-O, and Ti-O which resembles the chemical composition of the proposed materials. SEM micrographs revealed that the surface of CaTiO 3 is rougher with relatively dispersed particles compared to MgTiO 3 , reflecting a higher surface area of CaTiO 3. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy investigations indicated that the synthesized materials can act as photocatalysts under UV illumination. Accordingly, CaO and CaTiO 3 effectively degraded rhodamine B dye within 120 min with a photodegradation activity of 63% and 72%, respectively. In contrast, the photocatalytic degradation activity of MgO and MgTiO 3 was much lower, since only 21.39 and 29.44% of the dye were degraded, respectively after 120 min of irradiation. Furtheremore, the photocatalytic activity of the mixture from both Ca and Mg titanates was 64.63%. These findings might be valuable for designing potential and affordable photocatalysts for wastewater purification. Despite being one of the most harmful pollutants, dyes are widely used in the fabric, food, plastic, chemical, and tabloid industries. Their discharge into the aquatic environment has a serious impact on living organisms 1,2. Color reduces sunlight penetration through water, resulting in decreased photosynthetic activity and decreased biota development. In addition, dyes tend to bind metal ions, resulting in micro toxicity in fish and other living things 1,3. Normally, dyes are barely biodegradable and challenging to be eliminated by conventional approaches. In this context, rhodamine B (RhB) which belongs to the xanthene family, is a highly stable cationic dye due to its rigid heterocyclic structure 4. Indeed, the high stability of RhB dye is beneficial for different industrial applications, however, makes its degradation not simple and challenging 5-7. As a result, providing efficient, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective solutions for the breakdown of such contaminants is critical for the long-term viability of green habitats. This has resulted in a diverse range of techniques being employed to extract dyes from
Photodegradation of rhodamine 6G in aqueous solution via SrCrO4 and TiO2 nano-sphere mixed oxides
Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2013
Nano-sphere TiO 2 and SrCrO 4 (up to 5 mol%) mixed oxides were synthesized by co-precipitation method and investigated as catalyst in the photodegradation of rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) in aqueous solution. SrCrO 4 /TiO 2 oxides were characterized by techniques of powdered X-ray diffraction, EDAX, BET, TEM, SEM and ESR analysis. The photocatalytic activities of degradation of dyes were measured by UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy. The results showed that the mixed oxides of TiO 2 with 1 mole % of SrCrO 4 (SCT1) exhibit a photocatalytic activity 3 times higher than that of P25TiO 2 for oxidation of various dyes (Rh6G, TB, MO and BG) under UV light irradiation (l > 280 nm). Among all these dyes the photodegradation of Rh6G was faster compared to other dyes. The average crystallite sizes, spherical particle sizes and grain sizes of SCT1 were found to be ∼15 nm, 90 ± 5 nm and 100 ± 5 nm, respectively. The EPR spectrum of SCT1 indicated that the ejection of electron helped to degrade the dye molecule faster.
Photodegradation of Rhodamine-B Dye under Natural Sunlight using CdO
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis
The present study includes synthesis of CdO thin film by simple and cost effective chemical bath deposition method. Cadmium monochloroaceatate were used for preparation of CdO thin film. The structural, optical properties of CdO thin film were investigated with the help of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis NIR double beam spectrometry. The XRD studies revealed that annealed thin film shows crystalline in nature having 48.4 nm in size. The optical band gap of thin film was found to be 2.13 eV. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images shows sphere like structure which is closely arranged with each other. The presence of functional group was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR). Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis confirm formation of a mesoporous CdO with 6.01 m2/g surface area and 31.96 nm average pore diameter. The photocatalytic activity of prepared thin film was checked by using Rhodamine-B as a model dye under natural sunlight and found to be 48%. Cop...
Photocatalytic materials and additional components, especially promoters, play a pivotal role in the success of photocatalysed environmental remediation processes. To understand the influence of acid promoters in the absence and presence of surfactants, photocatalytic degradation of a model dye rhodamine B (RhB) was studied by UV-photocatalysis (254 nm UV source) with the subsequent addition of each of 0.01 mol dm− 3 of nitric acid (HNO3), sulphuric acid (H2SO4), hydrochloric (HCl), citric acid and acetic acid. Furthermore, the effect of 0.01 mol dm− 3 of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), as well as surfactants, including the cationic cetrimonium bromide (CTAB), anionic sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) and non-ionic surfactant tween 80, were analyzed using a UV–Visible spectrophotometer. The kobs. values for photodegradation of RhB under UV-irradiation was heavily dependent on type of acid and base. Pre-micellar, micellar and post-micellar concentrations of surfactants were also analyzed for their effects on the photodegradation of RhB. Concentrations at and above the critical micelle concentration (CMC) were found to suppress the photocatalytic degradation of RhB in the presence of a promoter (HNO3). Micellar solubilization is responsible for the changes in the photocatalytic activity. Nonionic micelles are unable to protect the dye over longer times due to autooxidation process. The resulting degradation products of RhB by radical dotOH were identified by LC-MS and GC–MS analysis and accordingly a schematic degradation pathway was proposed.
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2012
The interfacial adsorption process and the white-light-induced photosensitized degradation of different rhodamine dyes (rhodamine B, rhodamine 6G, and rhodamine 101) on the wide-band-gap semiconductor BiOCl have been investigated. Adsorption of all the rhodamine molecules on BiOCl is an exothermic process and the saturated adsorption capacities were best deduced by Langmuir model fitting. By using quantum chemical calculations (Gaussian 03 software), the relationship between the frontier orbital energy of the dye molecules and the rate of photodegradation was also established. The calculated absolute value of E LUMO was found to increase in the order Rh 101 \ Rh 6G \ RhB, which was similar to the trend of photodegradation reaction kinetics rate fitted by use of the pseudo-zeroorder kinetics model.
Applied Physics A, 2020
Effective photocatalytic degradation of organic toxic dyes from industrial effluents using low-cost nanomaterials as a photocatalyst under sunlight promises for water purification and environmental recovery. The present work is focused on the synthesis of Palladium (Pd) loaded g-C 3 N 4 /WO 3 nanocomposite using a facile method and its photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) using under sunlight. The results of the photocatalytic dye degradation experiment show that Pd loaded g-C 3 N 4 /WO 3 nanocomposite photocatalyst degrades 98% of RhB in 40 min of sunlight illumination. This remarkable photocatalytic degradation performance of Pd loaded g-C 3 N 4 /WO 3 nanocomposite mainly attributed due to their intrinsic photocatalytic activity and coexistence of enhanced light absorbance and efficient charge transfer process in between the g-C 3 N 4 /WO 3 heterojunction. The durability testing experiments indicate that Pd loaded g-C 3 N 4 /WO 3 nanocomposite photocatalyst could be effectively reused and possesses high photochemical structural stability even after several recycle process. Present experimental results demonstrated highly encouraging photo-degradation response of Pd loaded g-C 3 N 4 / WO 3 nanocomposite photocatalyst at outdoor conditions paves the way for the development of energy conversion and environmental remediation process.
AgBr/diatomite for the efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B
Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 2018
The treatment of organic pollution via photocatalysis has been investigated for a few decades. However, earth-abundant, cheap, stable, and efficient substrates are still to be developed. Here, we prepare an efficient visible-light-driven photocatalyst via the deposition of Ag nanoparticles (< 60 nm) on diatomite and the conversion of Ag to AgBr nanoparticles (< 600 nm). Experimental results show that 95% of Rhodamine B could be removed within 20 min, and the degradation rate constant (κ) is 0.11 min −1 under 100 mW/cm 2 light intensity. For comparison, AgBr/SiO 2 (κ = 0.04 min −1) and commercial AgBr nanoparticles (κ = 0.05 min −1) were measured as well. The experimental results reveal that diatomite acted more than a substrate benefiting the dispersion of AgBr nanoparticles, as well as a cooperator to help harvest visible light and adsorb dye molecules, leading to the efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance of AgBr/diatomite. Considering the low cost ($10 per ton) and large-scale availability of diatomite, our study provides the possibility to prepare other types of diatomite-based efficient photocatalytic composites with low-cost but excellent photocatalytic performance.