Term Paper On "Bio-Diesel-A Greenish Future Ahead" (original) (raw)
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2014
Recent days, underground carbon resources are dwindling at a faster rate. This triggered primary interest in development of bio-fuel as substitute to Petroleum-based fuel for alleviating world energy and economic crisis. This review explores the environmental impacts of bio-fuels on the road transportation and a large-scale impact of bio-fuel crops on food-based agricultural lands, which are now more gainfully used for churning out vehicle fuel. A global bio-diesel production is depicted with an appropriate data from 1991 to 2012. Also this article explains in detail the bio-diesel status (which includes crop type, climatic conditions, yield, oil concentration, land use/availability, and policy impacts) of 27 different countries across the world. In addition, this article extends to classify the potential bio-fuel feedstocks obtainable in each country.
The Status of Biodiesel as an Alternative Fuel for Diesel Engine – An Overview
Growing concern regarding energy resources and the environment has increased interest in the study of alternative sources of energy. To meet increasing energy requirements, there has been growing interest in alternative fuels like biodiesel to provide a suitable diesel oil substitute for internal combustion engines. Biodiesels offer a very promising alternative to diesel oil since they are renewable and have similar properties. Biodiesel is defined as a transesterified renewable fuel derived from vegetable oils or animal fats with properties similar or better than diesel fuel. Extensive research and demonstration projects have shown it can be used pure or in blends with conventional diesel fuel in unmodified diesel engines. This paper reviews the history of biodiesel development and production practices. Fuel-related properties are reviewed and compared with those of conventional diesel fuel. The effect of use of biodiesel fuel on engine power, fuel consumption and thermal efficiency are collected and analyzed with that of conventional diesel fuel. In the subsequent section, the engine emissions from biodiesel and diesel fuels are compared, paying special attention to the most significant emissions such as nitric oxides and particulate matter.
Comprehensive review of biodiesel as an alternative fuel for diesel engines
Diesel engine is a popular prime mover applied worldwide. It is necessary to find an alternative of diesel fuel in order to run diesel engines efficiently, as well as to reduce its prolusion to the environment. Biodiesel is such an alternative, which can be obtained from both edible and non-edible plants and crops, with some chemical processes, biodiesel properties can be modified to use as blends in diesel fuel. Selected biodiesel blends boost brake specific fuel consumption and decrease brake thermal efficiency in comparison to diesel. In most cases, the biodiesel has better results in carbon monoxide and hydro carbon emissions, although high cylinder temperatures also boost nitrogen oxides emissions. This analysis comes to the realisation that these modified biodiesels with better quality can be pumped in a specific proportion into a diesel engine without modifying the engine components. Therefore, the biodiesel is renewable, biodegradable, and non-toxic.
Due to increasing use of petroleum fuels in automobiles and industrial sectors, in the past few years, the world has started facing severe problems like environmental pollution, ozone layer depletion, global warming. Also the fossil fuels resources are going on decreasing due to which people are becoming aware and thus have started finding new alternative fuel sources. Renewable fuels have received more attention in the last few decades since the fuel demand is constantly increasing. Many research works have been going on so as to use biodiesel as an alternative fuel. Biodiesel is an important and promising field of research because of its environmental friendly and cheaper prices. Biodiesel is a renewable fuel which is derived from vegetable oil, animal oil/fats, and waste cooking oil. The largest source of suitable oil comes from oil crops such as palm, soybean, karanja, jatropha, mahua, neem, simarouba etc. the nonedible oils contain the fatty acids like stearic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid etc. Vegetable oils blended in various proportions with diesel are products mostly distributed in the retail diesel fuel marketplace. Depending upon the amount of diesel, the various types of biodiesel are B2 ( 2% biodiesel,98% petro diesel), B5 (5% biodiesel,95% petro diesel), B20 (20% biodiesel,80% petro diesel), B100 ( 100% biodiesel). However, with a high rise on level of biodiesel/diesel blend, it may happen that, this fuel becomes harmful, reducing its life time ,as such there have to be made modifications on vehicles to avoid engine damage.
Production of Bio-Diesel Used in Diesel Engines
Innovare Journal of Engineering Technology, 2013
To obtain biodiesel, the vegetable oil is subjected to a chemical reaction termed transesterification. Cottonseed oil (CSO) was selected for biodiesel production. In that reaction, the Cottonseed oil is reacted in the presence of a catalyst (sodium hydroxide) with an alcohol (methanol) to give the corresponding methyl esters. Cottonseed is non-edible oil, thus food against fuel conflict will not arise if this is used for biodiesel production. The experiments were conducted in order to evaluate the effects of reaction variable such as methanol/oil molar ratio (1:3.3), catalyst concentration (0.25%), temperature (65 0 C), reaction time 3.0 hours and stirring intensity (300rpm). The methyl ester yield is (84.3%). The methyl esters of cotton seed oil can be used in existing diesel engines without any modifications.
Biodiesel : Toward a better future
As James Joseph, a pioneer diesel expert, suggested in 1980, diesel has gained much portion in fuel economy (Joseph, 1980). Due to its thermal efficiency, diesel can be combusted better and produce more power output than gasoline (Joseph, 1980). Since then, diesel engines have been a tough competitor to petroleum fuel (Joseph, 1980). According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a governmental branch that deals with nation’s energy and enforcing the regulations and promoting standard of health and environment, the problems however, were at due (EPA, 2004). More sulfur, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides are being emitted continuously during the 1980s (EPA, 2004). Simultaneously, the oil reserves now have been in consideration for extraction, suggesting that sooner or later the world would need to switch its source of fuel to something that is immediately abundant, and desirably is compatible with current technology and infrastructure (EPA, 2004). Thus, such alternatives for fossil fuel then are being studied and developed, including biodiesel (EPA, 2004).
A Review of Bio-Diesel as an Alternative Fuel for Vehicles
2014
Growing concern regarding energy resources and the environment has increased interest in the study of alternative sources of energy. To meet increasing energy requirements, there has been growing interest in alternative fuels like biodiesel to provide a suitable diesel oil substitute for internal combustion engines. Biodiesels offer a very promising alternative fuel for diesel oil since they are renewable and have similar properties. Extensive research and demonstration projects have shown it can be used pure or in blends with conventional diesel fuel in unmodified diesel engines. In the subsequent section, the engine emissions from biodiesel and diesel fuels are compared, paying special attention to the most significant emissions such as nitric oxides and particulate matter.
Journal of The Brazilian Chemical Society, 2005
A importância da produção de biodiesel, nos últimos cinco anos, é apresentada a partir de artigos científicos publicados e patentes depositadas. Foi realizada uma análise crítica sobre as fontes oleaginosas mais utilizadas como matéria-prima para produção de biodiesel, os catalisadores e os métodos de acompanhamento da reação de transesterificação. Também foram avaliados estudos comparativos entre emissões de diesel fossil e misturas, em várias proporções, com biodiesel. Finalmente, foram indicados desafios enfocando aspectos tecnológicos, agronômicos e de infraestrutura para produção de biodiesel.
Biodiesel: Source, Production, Composition, Properties and Its Benefits
Journal of Oleo Science, 2006
Recent petroleum crisis (1), increasing cost and unavailability of petroleum diesel gave impetus to the scientists to work on alternative fuel, biodiesel. Biodiesel has been gaining worldwide popularity as an alternative energy source because it is non toxic, biodegradable & non flammable and has significantly fewer emissions than petroleum-based diesel (petrodiesel) when burned.Biodiesel is an eco-friendly, alternative diesel fuel prepared from domestic renewable resources i.e. vegetable oils (edible or non-edible) and animal fats, that runs in diesel engines-cars, buses, trucks, construction equipment, boats, generators, and oil home heating units. Various edible and non edible vegetable oils, like rice bran oil, coconut oil, Jatropha curcas, castor oil, cottonseed oil, mahua, karanja which are either surplus and are nonedible type, can be used for the preparation of biodiesel. (2). It is an alternative fuel derived from the conversion of agricultural lipids and a simple alcohol into fatty acid alkyl ester and glycerol and is defined as "mono alkyl esters of fatty acids derived from vegetable oil or animal fats". These natural oils and fats are made up mainly of triglycerides. These triglycerides have striking similarity to petroleum derived diesel so that it is known as "biodiesel". Biodiesel functions in current diesel engines, and is a possible candidate to replace fossil fuels as the world's primary transport energy source.
Experimental Investigation of Biodiesel with Diesel
International journal of engineering research and technology, 2019
In the recent past, intensive studies on internal combustion engines has emerged with a view to obtaining higher rate of production of fuels from alternative sources. The increase in alternative fuel investigations is caused by two main factors; a rapid decrease in world petroleum reserves and important environmental concerns originating from exhaust emissions. Fast depletion of the viable alternative fuels. Diesel fuel is largely consumed by the transportation sector. Thermodynamic tests based on the engine performance evaluations have established the feasibility of using vegetable oils. It has been found that vegetable oils hold special promise in this regard, because they can be produced from the plants grown in rural areas. Vegetable oils from crops such as soya bean, peanut, sunflower, rape, palm, coconut, karanja, neem, cotton, mustard, jatropha, linseed and caster have been evaluated in many parts of the world in comparison with other non-edible oils. To solve energy and envi...