Seroprevalence of Brucella abortus and Leptospira hardjo in cattle (original) (raw)
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Brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonotic infection affecting livestock and human beings. The disease has been reported worldwide except in few countries where it has been eradicated. The prevalence of brucellosis among cattle from 11 farms having a history of abortions was studied. A total of 481 samples comprising of blood, milk, vaginal swabs, vaginal discharges, placental tissues and fetal tissues were collected from 296 animals. Clinical samples were processed for the isolation of Brucella. Serum samples (n = 296) were tested by Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and indirect ELISA. A total of 90 (30.40%) and 123 (41.55%) samples were positive by RBPT and indirect ELISA, respectively. Also 27.02% samples were positive by both the tests. Brucella isolates (n = 8) were recovered from clinical samples using Brucella selective media. All the isolates demonstrated PCR amplification for the bcsp31 and IS711 genes. Amplification of Brucella abortus specific primer was demonstrated by all the isolates in AMOS PCR indicating isolates to be of either B. abortus biotype 1, 2 or 4. Risk factors for transmission of brucellosis among cattle population were studied by field surveys. It was observed that lack of awareness about brucellosis (OR = 8.739, P = 0.138) and inadequate floor space (OR = 0.278, P = 0.128) were crucial risk factors for transmission of bovine brucellosis.
Sero-prevalence of Brucella abortus Among Dairy Cattle and Buffaloes in Pothohar Plateau, Pakistan
The sero-prevalence of brucellosis was investigated among different breeds of cattle and buffaloes in Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT), Rawalpindi and Attock regions of Pakistan. A total of 2330 milk samples (1168 cattle and 1162 buffaloes) were screened for the presence of Brucella abortus antibodies using the milk ring test (MRT). Information related to animal type, urbanicity, sampling area and breeds were collected with the help of a pre-tested questionnaire on the day of sampling. The overall sero-prevalence was 6.9% in cattle and 6.6% in buffaloes. More seropositive animals were found in ICT compared to the other regions. The odds of brucellosis sero-positivity were higher among cross breed cattle and Nili-ravi buffaloes. This study is the first evidence of prevalence of Brucella abortus up to breed level in dairy cattle and buffaloes in Pakistan.
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 2013
The frequency of Neospora spp., Leptospira spp. and Brucella abortus infections in adult cattle was determined in herds of the State of Par a, Brazil, which is an important region for cattle production located in the Amazon region. A total of 3466 adult female cattle from 176 herds were tested, leading to a frequency of seropositive animals of 14.7%, 3.7% and 65.5% and a herd positivity of 87.4%, 41.3% and 98.8% for infections caused by Neospora spp., B. abortus and Leptospira spp., respectively. The five most frequently diagnosed serologic responses to Leptospira spp. were those against serovars hardjo, wolfii, grippotyphosa, hebdomadis and shermani. The following associations were found: practice of artificial insemination, large farm size, large herd size, large number of dogs and high number of total abortions per year with the presence of antibodies against serovar hardjo; positive results to serovar grippotyphosa with the presence of dogs; inappropriate disposal of aborted foetuses with positivity to serovar hebdomadis. Serovar grippotyphosa was also associated with number of episodes of abortions. Neospora spp. positive herds were associated with episodes of abortion and B. abortus infection with the disposal of dead animals and aborted foetuses on pastures and with the use of artificial insemination. In conclusion, the high frequency of brucellosis, leptospirosis and neosporosis in the region may be a consequence of social, natural and raising conditions as: (i) climate conditions that favour the survival and spread of pathogens in the environment; (ii) farms located in regions bordering forest areas; (iii) farms in areas of difficult access to the veterinary service; (iv) extensive beef herds raised at pastures with different age and productive groups inter-mingled; and (v) minimal concerns regarding hygiene practices and disease prevention measures.
Seroprevalence of brucellosis in bovines of Chhattisgarh, India
Indian Journal of Animal Research, 2018
Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease causing reproductive problems and abortions in bovines leading to huge economic losses to the dairy industry. Seroepidemiology and risk factors associated with brucellosis were investigated in cattle and buffaloes of Chhattisgarh, India. A total of 374 serum samples from bovines were collected randomly from 94 villages of six districts of Chhattisgarh state with different attributes and were screened by i-ELISA for the detection of antibodies. The overall true seroprevalence for brucellosis was observed to be 14.17%. Brucellosis was significantly more prevalent in animals of organized farms, cross bred, age above 7 years, clinically ailing ones particularly cases of abortion and repeat breeding compared to apparently health animals. The finding represented a major impact on animal health and productivity as well as a high risk to the human population.
Serological evidence of Brucella infections in dairy cattle in Haryana, India
Infection Ecology & Epidemiology
Background: In India, milk production is important for both the economy and the provision of nutritious food. However, the productivity of the livestock is affected by circulating infectious diseases, and some zoonotic diseases, such as brucellosis, may cause a heavy impact on the farm as the disease cause abortions and reproductive failures in bovines, with chronic febrile illness in humans. Methods: 249 dairy farms in the state of Haryana, India, were interviewed, and collected raw milk from 81 were analyzed for antibodies towards Brucella abortus. Results: More samples were positive using milk ring test (MRT) (55.6%, 45/81) than using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (29.6%, 24/81), with all ELISA positive samples also positive in MRT. The ELISA results were used for risk factor analyses. Seropositive farms were significantly (p = 0.015) larger than seronegative, with an average 7.9 cattle, compared to 4.9. Seropositive farms were more likely to report stillbirth occurring the last year, and a significantly higher proportion of seropositive farms reported retained placenta (odds ratio 5.2). Conclusion: This study showed that Brucella seroprevalence is high among farms in Haryana, and a control program is needed to ensure improved human and animal health, as well as improved livestock productivity.
Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2021
Brucellosis disease is problematic in early abortion in herds, reduces the economic value of farm animals, reduces milk production and limits the breeding efficiency of cattle. A study was conducted to determine and compare the prevalence of antibodies against Brucella abortus in cattle under same husbandry practices at the Njala University, Njala campus and the Newton cattle holding ranches. A total of 80 cattle was randomly sampled and screened for the presence of B. abortus utilizing the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT). Results indicated that the general seroprevalence was 57.5% in Njala University cattle ranch and 92.5% Newton cattle ranch. The prevalence of infection increased with the age of animals i.e. from 3.75% to 47.5% (22.5%) in age groups <3yrs to 3-5yrs (5-8yrs), respectively. The female animals were more infected (52.5%) than the males (22.5%). The disease was more prevalent among different age groups and sexes in Newton cattle ranch than in Njala University. Findings showed no significant difference between the prevalence of B. abortus in the cattle of Njala University and Newton cattle ranches. The prevalence of brucellosis was however enzootic at the two studied sites. This study is relevant for policy makers, researchers, ministry of agriculture and the public for the promotion of regular testing of cattle and utilizing appropriate mitigation strategies to minimize the risk of the brucellosis disease.
Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2022
Brucellosis disease is problematic in early abortion in herds, reduces the economic value of farm animals, reduces milk production and limits the breeding efficiency of cattle. A study was conducted to determine and compare the prevalence of antibodies against Brucella abortus in cattle under same husbandry practices at the Njala University, Njala campus and the Newton cattle holding ranches. A total of 80 cattle was randomly sampled and screened for the presence of B. abortus utilizing the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT). Results indicated that the general seroprevalence was 57.5% in Njala University cattle ranch and 92.5% Newton cattle ranch. The prevalence of infection increased with the age of animals i.e. from 3.75% to 47.5% (22.5%) in age groups <3yrs to 3-5yrs (5-8yrs), respectively. The female animals were more infected (52.5%) than the males (22.5%). The disease was more prevalent among different age groups and sexes in Newton cattle ranch than in Njala University. Findings showed no significant difference between the prevalence of B. abortus in the cattle of Njala University and Newton cattle ranches. The prevalence of brucellosis was however enzootic at the two studied sites. This study is relevant for policy makers, researchers, ministry of agriculture and the public for the promotion of regular testing of cattle and utilizing appropriate mitigation strategies to minimize the risk of the brucellosis disease.
Sero-Surveillance of Brucellosis in Cattle of Chitwan District, Nepal
International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, 2016
A cross sectional study was conducted in Eastern and Western parts of Chitwan district from November 2015 to April, 2016 in two parts, the social study followed by biological to determine and compare the prevalence, distribution of antibodies, and level of awareness of farmers against Brucella abortus in cattle of the two regions of same district. Altogether blood samples of 92 cattle were taken for detection of Brucella antibodies by using RBPT test and the positive samples were further retested by Indirect ELISA test through ID Vet iELISA kit 2016. The samples which showed positive on both tests were confirmed as seropositive. Chi-square test and Fisher Exact test was used to find out the association between various variables. The result showed that 14.13% (13/92) and 10.86% (10/92) sample were positive by RBPT and iELISA test respectively. There was no significant prevalence differences (p>0.05) on location, age group, breed type, and method of service (artificial and natural) used in cattle. Comparing abortion with prevalence of Brucellosis, there was significant differences (p<0.05) in the result of both RBPT and iELISA test. Inferring from this result, there is association between the abortion and occurrence of Brucellosis. The higher significant prevalence differences (p<0.01) was according to the time of abortion where higher seropositivity was obtained in the cattle aborted on 5-7 th month of pregnancy and cattle of 3 rd parity. The study showed the existence of Brucellosis in Chitwan district with no adoption of any preventive measures against this disease, so here is current need of the strategies for its prevention and control in order to mitigate such overwhelming situation.
Sero–Epidemiology of Brucellosis in Organized Cattle and Buffaloes in Punjab (India)
American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2013
The present cross sectional study was carried out to assess the current status and epidemiology of brucellosis in organized cattle and buffaloes. A stratified random sampling approach was used to select the sample size. In the first strata, villages were selected followed by selection of dairy farms in the second strata. A total of 39 villages were selected using survey tool box and from these selected villages 1203 animals (575 cattle and 628 buffaloes) were screened for anti-brucella antibodies using indirect Enzyme Linked Immuno-sorbent Assay (I-ELISA) from December 2010 to March 2012. In the study population, an overall sero-prevalence of brucellosis was observed as 21.36%. Statistically significant (p<0.01) differences in prevalence of brucellosis among cattle (28.17%) and buffaloes (15.12%) and with respect to sex (Male, 1.81% and Female 28.69%) were observed. The sero-prevalence of brucellosis was significantly (p<0.01) higher in animals with history of abortion than that of (21.70%) without such histories (23.01%).