Longitudinal Kinetic and Kinematic Changes in Functional Tasks After Reconstructing Anterior Cruciate Ligament: A Systematic Review (original) (raw)
Related papers
Limb asymmetry during recovery from anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society, 2018
There is limited literature that follows a population of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (ACLR) patients through recovery. Our aim was to examine differences in movement and loading patterns across time and between limbs over four visits during 12 months post-ACLR. We hypothesized that kinematic and kinetic data during a stop-jump would have time- and limb-dependent differences through 12 months post-surgery. Twenty-three ACLR athletes performed five vertical stop-jumps at 4, 5, 6, and 12 months post-op with motion capture and force plate data collection. The peak knee flexion (PKF) was different between the 4 and 12, 5 and 6, and the 5 and 12 month visits with earlier months exhibiting higher PKF. The peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) was lower at 4 than at 5 and 6 months. The peak posterior ground reaction force (pGRF) was lower at 4 months than all other visits. Frontal knee and sagittal hip range of motion (ROM) were different between 12 months and each previo...
Journal of Orthopaedic Science, 2011
Background More than 2 years after undergoing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, women still present bilateral asymmetries during multijoint movement tasks. Given the well-known ACL-injury gender bias, the goal of this study was to investigate whether males also present such asymmetries more than 2 years after undergoing ACL reconstruction. Methods This study involved 12 participants submitted to ACL reconstruction in the ACL group and 17 healthy participants in the control group. The mean postoperative period was 37 months. The participants executed bilateral countermovement jumps and load squat tasks. The kinematics and ground reaction forces on each lower limb and pelvis were recorded, and used to compute bilateral peak vertical ground reaction forces, peak knee and hip joint powers in the sagittal plane, and the ratio between these powers. Results For the jump task, the groups had the same performance in the jump height, but for the ACL group the peak knee joint power on the operated side was 13% lower than on the non-operated side (p = 0.02). For the squat task, the hip-knee joint power ratio on the operated side of the ACL group was 31% greater than on the non-operated side (p = 0.02).
Biology of Sport, 2020
The aim of this study was to examine performance in hopping tests in male athletes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) in the 4-to-6 months post-surgery period. A total of 36 athletes (24 ACLR and 12 controls) participated in this study. The ACLR group consisted of athletes who had undergone an ACLR on their dominant side (ACL DG n=16) or non-dominant side (ACL NDG n=8). Participants completed the following functional tests: a single-leg hop (SLH), single-leg triple hop (SL3H) and single-leg counter movement jump (SLCMJ), then the limb symmetry index (LSI) was calculated. There were no significant differences between the dominant and the non-dominant legs for all functional tests when comparing the ACL DG and the ACL NDG at 6 months after surgery. At 6 months after ACLR, the LSI of the two legs was within acceptable values, whether the athlete had the operation on their dominant or non-dominant leg (except the mean LSI for the ACL DG in the SLCMJ test). Furthermore, the control group showed higher performances as compared to the ACL group for all variables at 6 months after surgery, despite acceptable LSI. We concluded that an early return to "full participation to training" is not recommended in participants who have undergone an ACLR with patellar tendon grafts.
Biomechanical asymmetries persist after ACL reconstruction: results of a 2-year study
Journal of Experimental Orthopaedics
Purpose This study was aimed to examine longitudinal (6, 12, 18, 24 months) asymmetries in double-leg landing kinetics and kinematics of subjects with and without unilateral ACLR. Methods Three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic parameters of 40 participants (n = 20 post-ACLR, n = 20 healthy) were collected with a motion analysis system and force plate during a drop-landing task, and asymmetry indices were compared between groups. Results The asymmetry index (AI) in the ACLR group compared to the healthy group decreased from six to 24 months for vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) from 100% to 6.5% and for anterior posterior ground reaction force (a-pGRF) from 155.5% to 7%. Also, the AI decreased for peak hip flexion moment from 74.5% to 17.1%, peak knee flexion moment from 79.0% to 5.8% and peak ankle dorsiflexion moment from 59.3% to 5.9%. As a further matter, the AI decreased for peak hip abduction moment from 67.8% to 5.1%, peak knee adduction moment from 55.7% to 14.8% and pea...
Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 2014
Despite the intense focus on outcomes following an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, it is not yet known whether unresolved abnormal hip and trunk neuromuscular control exists. The purpose of this study was to compare trunk and hip kinematics during running, hip abductor and external rotator strength, and trunk control between females who had undergone an ACL reconstruction and healthy control participants. We compared 20 ACL reconstructed females to 20 healthy individuals, measuring abduction and external rotation strength, a trunk control test, and performed an instrumented gait evaluation during running. Comparisons between groups were made for non-sagittal peak hip angles, forward trunk lean, trunk ipsilateral lean at initial contact, trunk control and hip abduction, and external rotation strength. We found no significant differences in hip abduction (p ¼ 0.25), hip external rotation strength (p ¼ 0.63), peak hip adduction (p ¼ 0.11) or hip internal rotation angle (p ¼ 0.47). The ACL group did have a significantly greater ipsilateral trunk lean (p ¼ 0.028), forward lean (p ¼ 0.004), and had higher errors on the trunk stability test (p ¼ 0.007). We found significant differences in trunk control, suggesting further attention should be devoted to this component of rehabilitation. ß
2013
Context: Deficits in lower limb kinematics and postural stability are predisposing factors to the development of knee ligamentous injury. The extent to which these deficits are present after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is still largely unknown. The primary hypothesis of the present study was that female athletes who have undergone ACL reconstruction and who have returned to sport participation would exhibit deficits in dynamic postural stability as well as deficiencies in hip-and knee-joint kinematics when compared with an age-, activity-, and sexmatched uninjured control group.
Functional Recovery After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Longitudinal Perspective
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2008
Hopper DM, Strauss GR, Boyle JJ, Bell J. Functional recovery after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a longitudinal perspective. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2008; 89:1535-41. Objective: To evaluate functional hop performance in subjects with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with a bone-patellar tendon-bone graft during 12, 18, 26, 39, and 52 weeks. Design: A longitudinal comparative study. Setting: University research laboratory. Participants: Patients (Nϭ19) were evaluated at 12, 18, 26, 39, and 52 weeks after ACL reconstruction surgery. Intervention: Testing on 5 separate occasions. Main Outcome Measures: The Cincinnati Knee Rating System and analog scales, the 6-meter timed hop, crossover hop, stair hop, and vertical hop, and limb symmetry indices.
2016
Objectives: To examine whether asymmetrical lower limb loading early after ACL reconstruction (one month) can predict asymmetrical lower limb loading at the time of return to sport (6 months) and whether other early predictors as knee joint range of motion or maximal isometric strength affect this relationship. Design: Ground reaction forces were measured during a sit to stand task (STS) one month after ACL reconstruction and a vertical countermovement jump (CMJ) 6 months after ACL reconstruction in 58 athletes. Other early post-operative measurements were knee joint range of motion (2 weeks, 1 month and 2 months after surgery) and maximal isometric strength of the knee extensor and flexor muscles (2 months after surgery). Linear regression models were developed using side-to-side limb symmetry index (LSI) of CMJ as the dependent variable. Results: LSI of STS 1 month after surgery was a significant independent predictor of LSI of CMJ 6 months after surgery. After accounting for defi...
Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy, 2012
Purpose To evaluate the test-retest reliability and compare the static and dynamic postural control values in competitive athletes following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and controls. Methods Thirty athletes, 8.4 ± 1.8 months after ACL reconstruction, and thirty healthy matched controls were asked to execute single-leg stance and single-legged drop jump tests onto a force plate. Amplitude and velocity in anteroposterior and mediolateral directions, and mean total velocity were measured for static evaluation. Peak vertical ground reaction force (PVGRF) during landing and takeoff and loading rate were measured for dynamic evaluation. To evaluate test-retest reliability, 15 participants of each group repeated the tests 6-8 days after the first session. Mixed model of analysis of variance was used to determine differences between the involved, uninvolved, and control limbs. The test-retest reliability was measured using intraclass correlation coefficient and standard error of measurement. Results Greater postural sway has been observed in the operated leg of ACL-reconstructed athletes compared with the non-operated side (P \ 0.01) and the matched limb of the control group (P \ 0.01). During landing, PVGRF and loading rate on the uninvolved limb of the athletes who had undergone ACL reconstruction were greater in comparison with those of the control group (P \ 0.001). Both static and dynamic postural measures have high test-retest reliability, ranging from 0.73 to 0.88. Conclusions Static and dynamic postural measures are reliable tests to evaluate functional performance of athletes following ACL reconstruction. Eight months postsurgery, competitive athletes still demonstrated postural asymmetries, compared to matched controls, which might result in their susceptibility to future ACL injury. Level of evidence Prognostic study, case-control, Level III.