Effect of microstructure, thermodynamic and operating conditions on performance of membrane distillation (original) (raw)

Abstract

In the name of Allah, Most Gracious and Most Merciful to whom all the knowledge in this universe belongs. This work is in search of nothing more than a small drop of water in the ocean of knowledge which can only be possible with His will. For the generous scholarship from the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Malaysia and Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) who provided me with an opportunity for career development, I will be eternally grateful. To my both my supervisors, Dr. Manh Hoang of CSIRO and Prof. Huanting Wang of Monash University, thank you for providing your guidance, advice, facilities and financial support throughout this journey. For my friends and co-workers at CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering particularly Zongli Xie and Derrick Ng, who provided continuous assistance, suggestions, opinions and encouragement. My gratitude to all the staff and postgraduate students of Australian Pulp and Paper Institute (APPI), Monash University with whom I have shared my happiness and frustrations in the pursuit of a greater academic, career and life achievements. Thank you for making my temporary stay feels like home. My special thanks to Prof. Gil Garnier, Director of APPI, who showed a great concern for my welfare and rendered assistance when I needed them most. To my beloved husband, Azrin Hamzah, for only with his faith in me, his love, support and sacrifice, this dissertation is made possible. My lovely daughters Anis, Aina and Arfah, your smiles and laughter keep me going every single day.

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  171. Ref = velocityf*densityf*DH/viscositybf Feed side Reynolds number 23 kwf = 1.861e-9*(Tbf^3)-(0.000008078*(Tbf^2))+0.0057255*Tbf-0.432 Thermal conductivity of water on feed side, in W/m.K 24 Cp = 4180 Heat capacity of water, in J/kg K 25 L = 0.09
  172. RV = (radius^2)*porosity*((pmf+pmp)/2)/(8*tortuosity*viscosityg) Resistance to viscous flow, in m^2/s
  173. Rep = velocityp*densityp*DH/viscositybp Permeate side Reynolds number 29 kg = (-3.393e-9 *(TS^2
  174. + (9.456e-6 *TS) + 1.063e-4 Thermal conductivity of air, in W/mK
  175. TPC = (Tmf-Tmp)/(Tbf-Tbp) Temperature polarization coefficient based on Schofield model 31 kwp = 1.861e-9*(Tbp^3)-(0.000008078*(Tbp^2))+0.0057255*Tbp-0.432 Thermal conductivity of water on permeate side, in W/m.K 32 lambda = 5.2053e7*(1-(Tmf/647.
  176. ^(0.3199- (0.212*Tmf/647.1)+(0.25795*((Tmf/647.
  177. /18.015 Latent heat of vaporization of water, in J/kg 33 hf = 11.5*kwf*((Ref*Prf)^0.
  178. *((DH/L)^0.
  179. Effective permeate side heat transfer coefficient with thermal conductivity of PET=0.18, thickness of support 118.7 micron, porosity of pp support=40%