Indo-Pak Kashmir Conflict: Chinese Media Framing and Evolving Perspective (original) (raw)
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2021
Purpose: The division of J&K into two federally administered territories has deepened the feelings of alienation and subjugation in the Kashmiris. The purpose of the study is to comprehend the peace and war framing of the Kashmir conflict after the revocation of the special status of the disputed territory in the Indian and Pakistani media. The study also attempts to explore the geo strategic relevance of Jammu and Kashmir for China. Design/Methodology/Approach: Framing, Peace and War Journalism theories were used in this study. Quantitative content analysis method was used to analyze the peace and war framing of the J&K conflict in Dawn and Times of India. Findings: Results of the content analysis supported the assumption that war coverage was the most highly recorded coverage pattern in both Indian and Pakistani newspapers. Dawn took a lead in peace journalism framing with 25.56% of its editorials and columns dominated with peace journalism frames whereas 11.88% editorials and co...
A Comparative Study of the Kashmir Conflict Coverage in Pakistani and Indian Press
Global Social Sciences Review, 2019
The paper compares the coverage of JNK conflict in the Pakistani and Indian English press. The objective of the study is to figure out the differences in the coverage of Kashmir conflict by the Indian and Pakistani press along with determining the prominence of war or peace frames in the coverage. Content Analysis was carried out of the news stories published on the international and national pages of English daily The Nation and Dawn from Pakistani press and English daily The Hindu and Times of India from the Indian press. The results revealed that war framing was recorded as the most dominant coverage pattern with respect to Kashmir conflict. War frames were more dominant in the Indian press coverage as compared to the Pakistani press and the differences in the coverage of the press of the two countries are significant.
Constructing Reality Framing of Kashmir Conflict
15 September , 2020
This paper examines the framing of the Kashmir conflict in the editorials of three Pakistani English newspapers, The Nation, The News, and Dawn during dictatorial (Musharraf regime, 2005-2007) and the democratic regime (Zardari regime (2008- 2010). It argues that in case of conflict press conforms to the government policies, change in governments also has an effect on how the press changes its coverage on the conflict according to the policies of the government. The study utilizes a content analysis method to examine the use of framing techniques in the newspapers. Findings supported that the Pakistani press indexed the ruling elite’s stance in both regimes. It was found that during the dictatorial regime, as Kashmir conflict was high on agenda, Pakistani English press gave more coverage to Kashmir conflict as compared to the democratic regime. The results also showed that during the dictatorial regime, the dialogue frame to resolve the Kashmir conflict between India and Pakistan was high, which was also in line with the policy of Musharraf’s autocratic regime. Surprisingly, the press coverage in both regimes regarding the self-determination right for Kashmiris in the light of UNO resolutions, Pakistan’s longstanding stance, was minimal. The implications of the results are discussed.
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The study analyzes press coverage of Kashmir conflict in Indian and Pakistani leading English newspapers from war/peace journalism perspective. The results show that print media of both the countries were more war-oriented than peace. They were following respective national policies in reporting the Kashmir conflict. War journalism indicators in the coverage of the conflict had outnumbered the peace-journalism indicators. The results confirm previous research studies’ findings regarding the role (negative) of national media in de-escalation of inter-state conflicts. It indicates that conventional media prioritizes coverage of possible conflict scenario in war frames and ignores peace approaches and hence fuels the conflicts further.
Editorial Coverage of Kashmir Conflict in Pakistani Media
2017
The study aims at analyzing the editorial coverage of Pakistani newspapers on the issue of Kashmir. For this purpose, four mainstream national newspapers – two each of English and Urdu language were selected and their editorial contents were analyzed. Theoretical approaches of Framing (Goffman, 1974) and Peace journalism (Galtung, 2003) were employed for their content examination. The findings of the study revealed that Urdu language newspapers comparatively gave larger space to the Kashmir conflict. All newspapers had similar framing pattern and visible inclination towards the war-oriented journalism. However, the editorial contents of Urdu newspapers carried higher degree of warjournalism indicators as compared to their English language contemporaries.
Media Framing and Foreign Policy: A Case Study of the Coverage of Sino-Pak Relations in Global Media
Foreign policy is considered as one the important factors in media framing of various national and international issues and events. Building on the existing literature regarding the relationship between media framing and foreign policy, the present study investigates that how leading American, Indian, Chinese and Pakistani press frame Sino-Pak relations, especially the Chinese President, Xi Jinping's visit of April 2015 to Pakistan in the backdrop of CPEC. Content analyses of the selected newspapers for a period of two months i.e.
War or Peace Journalism: Exploring News Framing of Kashmir Conflict in DAWN Newspaper
This paper employed the Johan Galtung's model of Peace Journalism [1][2]-as functionalized in Siraj [3]-to examine the coverage of Kashmir Conflict in DAWN newspaper, one of the leading English language dailies in Pakistan. The research was guided by three questions; to what extent the coverage of DAWN is dominated by peace or war journalism, what are the DAWN's preference of Kashmir conflict news and their Editorial choices, and lastly, what is the DAWN's strategic placement of Kashmir related stories. It was a quantitative content analysis supplement with qualitative commentary. Data source for the study was the two year coverage of DAWN, starting from 01 July, 2016 to 30 June, 2018. The study was theoretically informed by Galtung's Model of Peace Journalism. Nineteen frames; nine Peace Oriented, Nine war oriented and one Neutral, as has been explicated by Siraj[3], were selected according to which the data was scrutinized. The study selected the whole news story was taken as coding unit. SPSS was used to analyze the data whereas tables were constructed in MS Word. The study found that the DAWN newspaper coverage of Kashmir conflict was dominated by war frames, news stories (Hard News) were published more as compared to other types of news items, and finally, more stories were published on the National page. Media by default cover conflicts in war approaches, creating hype and focusing on the visible effects. Therefore, the potential of Galtung's PJ Model encourages and provides guideline to use peace oriented approaches in the coverage of conflicts.
Frame analysis of News Reportage in Srilankan newspapers on Indo Sino Stand-off in Doklam
Sri Lanka"s foreign policy towards India and China can be understood by decoding media content reported in SriLankan newspapers. This study tries to analyse the frames used in selected newspapers in Sri Lanka thereby comprehend the external affairs policy of the government with regard to India China stand-off in Doklam. In this work Entman"s Cascading Activation Model is used to interpret the findings. In cascading Activation Model Entman says information about a country"s external affairs will be controlled by the government the censored information will be pass on to the media and the media communicate the message through "frames" the central organising idea in a news story. "Selection and salience" of information will construct the public opinion posits Entman in his framing theory.
Journalism Studies, 2020
Triangulating several methods including automated framing analysis and assessment of textual elements, this study examines how the elite press from three countries frames the Rohingya refugee crisis in 2017. Results from our framing and textual analysis show differences in how the press from the three countries portrayed the crisis. Specifically, The Irrawaddy (Myanmar) tends to incorporate a nationalist narrative into news content, playing down the violence used against Rohingyas. The New Nation (Bangladesh) frames the crisis according to the country's priorities, focusing its coverage on the humanitarian aspects of the crisis. The New York Times uses a Western hegemonic discourse. Textual analysis indicates that although the same words are used in the frames of the Rohingya crisis, some represent different meanings. Findings are discussed using the lens of ideological and cultural influence.
2017
This study examines the media coverage of Kashmir issue in the wake of assassination of Burhan Wani a young Kashmiri freedom fighter. For this purpose, four widely circulated Pakistani newspapers of English and Urdu language (i.e. Dawn, the News, Jang and Nawa-i-Waqt) have been selected and their reportage for three continuous months has been examined. This examination is conducted within the theoretical approach of peace journalism (Galtung, 1985; 2003) and framing (Goffman, 1974). Findings indicate that media remained inclined towards war-oriented journalism and war-frames dominated the coverage as compared to peace-frames. In comparison between English and Urdu media coverage, the contents of Urdu media were carrying more war-frames as compared to English media. The study concludes that increased war-oriented coverage might be attributed to the historical background and state policy towards Kashmir issue, which seem difficult to be disregarded in reporting. Furthermore, since the...