A review of the uses of the ketogenic diet (original) (raw)

Ketogenic diet: A nutritional remedy for some metabolic disorders

Journal of Education, Health and Sport

Background: Ketogenic diets (KD) consist of high fat, moderate protein and low carbohydrates.Aim: This review explores the effect of ketogenic diet and its mechanism of actions in disease management.Methods: Recent information on ketogenic diets and disease management were retrieved from academic journals using scientific search engines and popular library databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, JSTOR amongst others.Commentary: Ketogenic diet means a high fat, low-carbohydrate diet, with enough protein content, which makes the body utilize fat, rather than carbohydrate, as a preferred energy source. There are four different types of ketogenic diet, the traditional classic ketogenic diet, medium chain triglyceride (MCT) ketogenic diet, the modified Atkins diet (MAD), and the low glycemic index treatment (LGIT). The classic ketogenic diet, also known as long-chain fats consist of 16-20 carbon atoms. Its peculiarity is the low carbohydrate content, which could be difficult to...

Induced and controlled dietary ketosis as a regulator of obesity and metabolic syndrome pathologies

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 2017

A worsening epidemic of diabetes and its precursor, metabolic syndrome (MetS) is engulfing America. A healthy individual, with proper glucose regulation has an ability to switch between burning fat and carbohydrates. It has been suggested that signaling errors within this homeostatic system, characterized by impaired switching of substrate oxidation from glucose to fat in response to insulin, can contribute to the etiology of metabolic syndrome and occurs before the development of type II diabetes. Glucose regulation with restored insulin sensitivity facilitated through clinically regulated, benign dietary ketosis (BDK), may significantly reduce, regulate and reverse the adverse pathologies common to MetS and obesity. The study assessed if prolonged maintenance of induced and controlled physiological, dietary ketosis, would reverse pathological processes induced by MetS including a reduction in fasting triglycerides, BMI (body mass index) and body fat mass (BFM), weight, a significant decrease and/or normalization of hemoglobin A1c (HgA1c) and an increase in resting metabolic rate (RMR) and blood ketones. A group of 30 adults, previously diagnosed with MetS by their primary care physician, were randomly prescribed to one of three groups: a sustained ketogenic diet with no exercise, standard American diet (SAD) with no exercise or SAD with 3-5 days per week of exercise (30 min.). The results demonstrated that the change over time from week 0 to week 10 was significant (p = 0.001) in the ketogenic group for weight, body fat percentage, BMI, HgA1c and ketones. All variables for the ketogenic group out-performed those of the exercise and non-exercise groups, with five of the seven demonstrating statistical significance.

Implicating the effect of ketogenic diet as a preventive measure to obesity and diabetes mellitus

Life Sciences, 2021

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Ketogenic Diet for Weight Loss and Its Implication on Health: A Literature Study

Media Gizi Indonesia, 2020

The prevalence of obesity has increased signifi cantly and it has become a public health problem globally. Many strategies were done to overcome obesity. One of them is dietary approach. The popular and widely used weight loss diet is the ketogenic diet. This literature review aimed to discuss the mechanism of ketogenic diet in weight lost as well as its long and short term eff ects on health. Ketogenic diet is a very low-carbohydrate and high-fat diet. This diet restricts the carbohydrate intake up to 50 gram per day. The diet eff ective for losing weight in short term (<6 months), after 6 months there was no signifi cant diff erences compared to other wight-loss diet. Study shows ketogenic diet gives both benefi cial and harmful eff ects in short and long term for ketogenic dieters. This diet is not applicable for anyone, thus people with chronic diseases should receive guidance from dietitian or clinician in implementing this diet. Ketogenic dieters are suggested to replace th...

Ketosis, ketogenic diet and food intake control: a complex relationship

Frontiers in Psychology, 2015

Though the hunger-reduction phenomenon reported during ketogenic diets is well-known, the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remain uncertain. Ketosis has been demonstrated to exert an anorexigenic effect via cholecystokinin (CCK) release while reducing orexigenic signals e.g., via ghrelin. However, ketone bodies (KB) seem to be able to increase food intake through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the release and production of adiponectin. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of our current knowledge of the effects of ketogenic diet (KD) on food control in an effort to unify the apparently contradictory data into a coherent picture.

The Effect of Ketogenic-Diet on Health

Food and Nutrition Sciences

In recent years, the ketogenic diet is the most popular diet around the world. Therefore, keto diet, short for ketogenic, involves eating a high amount of fat, a moderate amount of protein and very few carbs. This research paper aims to know about the effect of a ketogenic diet on our body, to know about the mechanism of the ketogenic diet in treating neurodegenerative disorders and to know about the mechanism of the ketogenic diet in reducing the weight of our body. Also, the objective was to investigate the ketogenic diet stimulates ketogenesis which treats certain neurodegenerative disorders. Although this is high fats containing food it is beneficial for our body in certain conditions. It is also useful in the conditions in which the brain requires a low level of glucose so the brain starts utilizing ketone bodies. As the intake of carbohydrates is lowered so it is also used to reduce the weight of the body. In this research, the qualitative methodology has been adopted which refers to secondary sources of data. In this project, I used a variety of research that has also been undertaken by numerous researchers including dietitians who tend to support the positive benefits of using ketogenic diets to manage losing weight as well as other health problems that could result from overweight. Also, we used a table to show the difference between studies. Finally, it is important to note that the ketogenic-diet has created debate, partially although traditional dietary education has, for years, illustrated the adverse effects of high overall including trans-fat intake.

Low‐carbohydrate ketogenic diets in body weight control: A recurrent plaguing issue of fad diets?

Obesity Reviews, 2021

The most appropriate type of diets to maintain or lose body weight over the medium to long term has been a matter of controversy and debates for more than half a century. Both voluntarily and coercive food restriction, resulting in negative energy and macronutrient balance and hence weight loss, have not been designed to be maintained for the long term. By contrast, when a classical and traditional type of alimentation is consumed in ad lib conditions (e.g., the Mediterranean "diet"), it generally provides an appropriate nutritional density of essential macronutrients and micronutrients; it is hence appropriate for long-term use, and it provides several benefits for health if the compliance of the individuals is maintained over time. In this short review, we focus on four specific aspects: first, the need to agree on a clear definition of what is "low" versus "high" in terms of total carbohydrate intake and total fat intakes, both generally inversely related, in a representative individual with a certain lifestyle and a certain body morphology; second, the importance of discussing the duration over which it could be prescribed, that is, acute versus chronic conditions, focusing on the comparison between the fashion and often ephemeral lowcarbohydrate diet (acute) with the well-recognized traditional Mediterranean type of alimentation (chronic), which includes lifestyle changes; third, the particular metabolic characteristics induced by the low-carbohydrate (high fat) diet, namely, the scramble up of ketone bodies production. The recent debate on ketogenic diets concern whether or not, in iso-energetic conditions, low-carbohydrate diets would significantly enhance energy expenditure. This is an issue that is more "academic" than practical, on the ground that the putative difference of 100-150 kcal/day or so (in the recent studies) is not negligible but within the inherent error of the methodology used to track total energy expenditure in free living conditions by the doubly labeled water technique. Fourth, the potential medical risks and shortcomings of ingesting (over the long term) low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets could exacerbate underlying renal dysfunction, consecutive to the joint combination of high-fat, highprotein diets, particularly in individuals with obesity. This particular diet promotes metabolic acidosis and renal hyperfiltration, which ultimately may contribute to a significant reduction in life expectancy in middle-age people.

Ketogenic diets: Opportunities and limitations in practical application (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Archiv Euromedica, 2019

During almost 100 years ketogenic diets (KD) were used for treatment of epilepsy and certain metabolic deficiencies (GLUT1 deficiency and Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDHD). It has been widely suggested that KD and their preparations might be used to treat obesity, cancer and to prevent neurodegenerative diseases (dementia, Alzheimer's, etc.), diabetes and cardiovascular diseases and even aging. The literature review provides evidence for KD efficiency in reduction of epileptic seizures in children and adults. However, the majority of research and the professional communities of dietologists, such as German Nutrition Society and German Cancer Soceity warn of adverse health effects of KD when used for other conditions. Additional studies are therefore required.