Diagnosis and Classification of 17 Diseases from 1404 Subjects via Pattern Analysis of Exhaled Molecules (original) (raw)
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Breathe analysis in disease recognition
2014
Human breath is a dynamic complex of chemicals in health and disease. Research arena is moving in the direction to identify volatile and non-volatile markers in the exhaled breath to provide clinically useful thought processes. Studies are also inching on the future directions for the prompt point-of-care diagnostic methods of case finding beyond the pulmonary system putting firm footstep in the new millennium. The encouraging results are finding out novel and reliable non-invasive clinical tools to extend the work on in the health and disease, covering the entire gamut of communicable and non-communicable diseases. 1 Globally, in the transitioning of exhaled breath analysis from 'bench side to bed side', the new entrant is relatively poles apart. The mind-set of our fraternity is fixed on the microbiological and serological approaches and has posed as the hindrances for the breathe analysis to contribute in the evidence based medicine. Breathe analysis has traditionally taken two major paths. The original approaches use spectroscopy and other methods to hook and recognize the individual volatile and non-volatile compounds based on broad range of qualitative and quantitative methods. The subsequent researchers are trying to find pattern of changes using the entire mixture of analytes in the exhaled breathe and exhaled breathe condensate without qualitative or quantitative detection of specific compound. These are noninvasive and potentially inexpensive new advances as diagnostic techniques. 2, 3 Exhaled breathe analysis have inimitable advantages that they can be repeated with time-place and person in contrast to the tests of blood and other body fluid that need to be collected under invasive methods
Pathologies currently identified by exhaled biomarkers
Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology, 2013
Ancient Greek physicians already knew that the smell of human breath could provide a clue to the pathology. Nowadays, volatile breath biomarkers are known to be released in a broad range of diseases. However, their identification, isolation, and quantification as indicative of relevant alterations in clinical status have required the development of new techniques and analytical methods. Breath sample analysis encounters several obstacles. Particularly, there is a need of a system that could work in a continuous manner, with the low concentration and small volume of a sample. Herein we review, in the light of literature and our experience, clinical applications of the metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) sensor for breath analysis to distinguish between health and disease in some conditions, e.g., diabetes, multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) syndrome, or in tracing the central neural fatigue resulting from cognitive performance. We submit that exhaled breath analysis holds promise in the diagnosis and treatment of genetic or neurodegenerative diseases which involve cognitive derangements.
Molecular Diagnostics of Pulmonary Diseases Based on Analysis of Exhaled Breath Condensate
Biomarker - Indicator of Abnormal Physiological Process, 2018
Measurements of biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) extend a novel route for monitoring lung physiology and provide a beneficial insight into the pathophysiology of a specific disease. From the medicinal point of view, biomarkers present in EBC depict rather the processes occurring in lungs than those in the entire system. Therefore, particular profiles of exhaled biomarkers (e.g. cys-LTs, LTB 4 , 8-isoprostane, etc.) apparently reveal information exclusively applicable to differential lung disease diagnoses. This chapter describes the developed analytical method being applied to a clinical study for differential diagnostics of various phenotypes of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, etc. In particular, having determined cys-LTs and LXs by the described method, and having applied them as biomarkers of bronchial asthma, their distinctive potential was demonstrated to differentially diagnose the specific disease, clearly suggesting this method to be reckoned as a beneficial alternative to existing diagnostic methods. Consecutively, the developed method was expanded to other asthma markers as aldehydes, nitrotyrosine, 8-isoprostane, PGE 2 , adenosine and finally, a supplementary study was carried out, engaging in detecting serotonin. The multi-marker screening and importance in the diagnostics of pulmonary diseases are referenced in the text as well.
Breath analysis as a potential and non-invasive frontier in disease diagnosis: an overview
Metabolites, 2015
Currently, a small number of diseases, particularly cardiovascular (CVDs), oncologic (ODs), neurodegenerative (NDDs), chronic respiratory diseases, as well as diabetes, form a severe burden to most of the countries worldwide. Hence, there is an urgent need for development of efficient diagnostic tools, particularly those enabling reliable detection of diseases, at their early stages, preferably using non-invasive approaches. Breath analysis is a non-invasive approach relying only on the characterisation of volatile composition of the exhaled breath (EB) that in turn reflects the volatile composition of the bloodstream and airways and therefore the status and condition of the whole organism metabolism. Advanced sampling procedures (solid-phase and needle traps microextraction) coupled with modern analytical technologies (proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry, selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry, ion mobility spectrometry, e-noses, etc.) allow the characterisation of EB comp...
Review—Non-Invasive Monitoring of Human Health by Exhaled Breath Analysis: A Comprehensive Review
Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2020
Exhaled human breath analysis is a very promising field of research work having great potential for diagnosis of diseases in non-invasive way. Breath analysis has attracted huge attention in the field of medical diagnosis and disease monitoring in the last two decades. VOCs/gases (Volatile Organic Compounds) in exhaled breath bear the finger-prints of metabolic and biophysical processes going on in human body. It’s a non-invasive, fast, non-hazardous, cost effective, and point of care process for disease state monitoring and environmental exposure assessment in human beings. Some VOCs/gases in exhaled breath are bio-markers of different diseases and their presence in excess amount is indicative of un-healthiness. Breath analysis has the potential for early detection of diseases. However, it is still underused and commercial device is yet not available owing to multiferrious challenges. This review is intended to provide an overview of major biomarkers (VOCs/gases) present in exhaled...
It is important to develop a diagnostic mechanism which would help in easy detection of diseases. With the current increase in the number of individuals seeing healthcare solutions for a better living, current methods such as blood test, CT etc. which have their own limitations, must be replaced by a better technology. Breath Analysis is the answer to this. Exhaled breath has a number of chemicals called Volatile organic compounds which are produced as a result of metabolic activities of the body. These VOC's can be used as a determinant of detection of particular diseases. This method of diagnoses is noninvasive, cheap, repeatable, and has no side effects. The various methods of analysis of exhaled breath and a few applications are explained.
Potential of Breath Analysis: From Environmental Exposure Assessment to Medical Diagnosis
2012
Exhaled breath analysis is becoming one of the desirable strategies for environmental exposure assessment as well as for clinical diagnosis because it provides a relatively inexpensive, rapid, and noninvasive monitoring method. The presence of specific compounds in a human breath can indicate a recent exposure to pollutants or a disease state of the individual. Breath analysis has attracted a considerable amount of scientific and clinical interest over the past decade. This review describes the potential applications of human breath analysis, including monitoring of environmental exposure to pollutants and clinical diagnosis of diseases, with particular attention to exogenous volatile compounds and endogenous volatile biomarkers.
Breathomics: Review of Sample Collection and Analysis, Data Modeling and Clinical Applications
Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry
Metabolomics research is rapidly gaining momentum in disease diagnosis, on top of other Omics technologies. Breathomics, as a branch of metabolomics is developing in various frontiers, for early and noninvasive monitoring of disease. This review starts with a brief introduction to metabolomics and breathomics. A number of important technical issues in exhaled breath collection and factors affecting the sampling procedures are presented. We review the recent progress in metabolomics approaches and a summary of their applications on the respiratory and non-respiratory diseases investigated by breath analysis. Recent reports on breathomics studies retrieved from Scopus and Pubmed were reviewed in this work. We conclude that analyzing breath metabolites (both volatile and nonvolatile) is valuable in disease diagnoses, and therefore believe that breathomics will turn into a promising noninvasive discipline in biomarker discovery and early disease detection in personalized medicine. The problem of wide variations in the reported metabolite concentrations from breathomics studies should be tackled by developing more accurate analytical methods and sophisticated numerical analytical alogorithms.
A European Respiratory Society technical standard: exhaled biomarkers in lung disease
The European respiratory journal, 2017
Breath tests cover the fraction of nitric oxide in expired gas (FeNO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), variables in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and other measurements. For EBC and for FeNO, official recommendations for standardised procedures are more than 10 years old and there is none for exhaled VOCs and particles. The aim of this document is to provide technical standards and recommendations for sample collection and analytic approaches and to highlight future research priorities in the field. For EBC and FeNO, new developments and advances in technology have been evaluated in the current document. This report is not intended to provide clinical guidance on disease diagnosis and management.Clinicians and researchers with expertise in exhaled biomarkers were invited to participate. Published studies regarding methodology of breath tests were selected, discussed and evaluated in a consensus-based manner by the Task Force members.Recommendations for standardisation of sampli...