Development of All-Solid-State Li-Ion Batteries: From Key Technical Areas to Commercial Use (original) (raw)

Developing Novel All-Solid-State Li-Ion Batteries

2017

Frontier Electronic Systems (FES) in collaboration with The University of Tulsa (TU), is currently developing viable manufacturing processes to utilize unique nanoscale material properties and fabricate cutting-edge all-solid-state battery products. Applying nanotechnology and replacing the Li metal electrode commonly used in solid state batteries with a more atmospherically inert anode material such as SnO2, safer and more robust all-solid-state Li ion batteries can be fabricated. The cell design and fabrication methods of this novel all-solid-state Li ion battery will be discussed. FES has successfully demonstrated the development and application of these all-solid-state batteries, through reproducibly lighting blue LEDs.

Current Status and Prospects of Solid-State Batteries as the Future of Energy Storage

Management and Applications of Energy Storage Devices

Solid-state battery (SSB) is the new avenue for achieving safe and high energy density energy storage in both conventional but also niche applications. Such batteries employ a solid electrolyte unlike the modern-day liquid electrolyte-based lithium-ion batteries and thus facilitate the use of high-capacity lithium metal anodes thereby achieving high energy densities. Despite this promise, practical realization and commercial adoption of solid-state batteries remain a challenge due to the underlying material and cell level issues that needs to be overcome. This chapter thus covers the specific challenges, design principles and performance improvement strategies pertaining to the cathode, solid electrolyte and anode used in solid state batteries. Perspectives and outlook on specific applications that can benefit from the successful implementation of solid-state battery systems are also discussed. Overall, this chapter highlights the potential of solid-state batteries for successful co...

Solid-state batteries: Unlocking lithium's potential with ceramic solid electrolytes

Recent progress indicates that ceramic materials may soon supplant liquid electrolytes in batteries, offering improved energy capacity and safety. W idespread adoption of electric vehicles (EV) will require dramatic changes to the energy storage market. Total worldwide lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery production was 221 GWh in 2018, while EV demand alone is projected to grow to more than 1,700 GWh by 2030. 1 As economies of scale have been met in Li-ion battery production, price at the pack level has fallen and is expected to break $100/kWh within the next few years. Li-ion batteries are expected to address near-term energy storage needs, with advances in cell chemistry providing steady improvement in cell capacity. Yet Li-ion batteries will eventually approach the practical limits of their energy storage capacity , and the volatile flammable liquid electrolyte in Li-ion cells requires thermal management systems that add cost, mass, and complexity to EV battery packs. Recent progress demonstrates that Li-ion conducting solid electrolytes have fundamental properties to supplant current Li-ion liquid electrolytes. Moreover, using solid electrolytes enables all-solid-state batteries, a new class of lithium batteries that are expected to reach storage capacities well beyond that of today's Li-ion batteries. The promise of a safer high-capacity battery has attracted enormous attention from fundamental research through start-up companies, with significant investment from venture capitalists and automakers. The Li-ion battery The 1970s marked development of the first Li-ion cathode intercalation materials. Cells with a metallic lithium anode were commercialized in the 1980s, but it was soon discovered Solid-state batteries: Unlocking lithium's potential with ceramic solid electrolytes that lithium deposits in dendritic structures upon battery cycling. These dendrites eventually grow through the separa-tor, connecting the anode and cathode and causing a dangerous short circuit of the cell. The solution was to replace the lithium anode with a graphite Li-ion host material, thereby producing the modern Li-ion battery. First introduced by Sony in 1991, the graphite anode is paired with a LiCoO 2 cathode and flooded with a liquid organic electrolyte with dissolved lithium salt. The dissolved lithium provides Li-ion transport within the cell. A thin and porous polymer separator prevents physical contact between the anode and cathode while allowing ionic transport between electrodes. This basic cell structure remains unchanged today, albeit with numerous energy-boosting innovations, including silicon anode additions, electrolyte additives to increase cycle life, and high nickel-content cathodes. These innovations have led to an average of 8% annualized energy density improvement in Li-ion batteries. 2 Despite this progress, the volumetric energy density of Li-ion batteries can only reach a practical limit of about 900 Wh/L at the cell level. For Li-ion batteries, active cathode and anode powders are mixed with binder and cast on a current collector using doctor blade, reverse comma, or slot die coating. These electrodes are slit into desired dimensions, interleaved with a separator, and either wound-as is the case of an 18650 (18 mm diameter; 65 mm length) cylindrical cell-or stacked or folded to produce a prismatic pouch cell. Figure 1 shows 18650 cylindrical wound cells and 10-Ah pouch cells. For EV applications, cells are arranged into modules, which are placed into a battery pack. For example, a Tesla Model 3 contains more than 4,000 individual cylindrical cells, producing about 80 kWh of storage. Other manufacturers , such as GM, use pouch-type cells, with 288 cells producing 60 kWh of storage in the Chevy Bolt. Li-ion battery packs contain significant battery management systems to keep cells within a safe operating range. Heat generated within the pack must be removed by cooling systems to protect both the performance and lifetime of Li-ion cells. Credit: Evan Dougherty/University of Michigan Engineering Communications and Marketing Induction coils heat a die for rapid densification of Li-ion conducting Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 ceramic solid electrolyte.

Building Better Batteries in the Solid State: A Review

Materials

Most of the current commercialized lithium batteries employ liquid electrolytes, despite their vulnerability to battery fire hazards, because they avoid the formation of dendrites on the anode side, which is commonly encountered in solid-state batteries. In a review two years ago, we focused on the challenges and issues facing lithium metal for solid-state rechargeable batteries, pointed to the progress made in addressing this drawback, and concluded that a situation could be envisioned where solid-state batteries would again win over liquid batteries for different applications in the near future. However, an additional drawback of solid-state batteries is the lower ionic conductivity of the electrolyte. Therefore, extensive research efforts have been invested in the last few years to overcome this problem, the reward of which has been significant progress. It is the purpose of this review to report these recent works and the state of the art on solid electrolytes. In addition to so...

Studies of lithium argyrodite solid electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries

Physica Status Solidi A-applications and Materials Science, 2011

All-solid-state batteries (SSBs) are attracting widespread attention as next-generation energy storage devices, potentially offering increased power and energy densities and better safety than liquid electrolyte-based Li-ion batteries. Significant research efforts are currently underway to develop stable and high-performance bulk-type SSB cells by optimizing the cathode microstructure and composition, among others. Electronically conductive additives in the positive electrode may have a positive or negative impact on cyclability. Herein, it is shown that for high-loading (pelletized) SSB cells using both a size-and surface-tailored Ni-rich layered oxide cathode material and a lithium thiophosphate solid electrolyte, the cycling performance is best when low-surface-area carbon black is introduced. Materials and methods Materials Small particle size NCM622 [Li 1+x (Ni 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2) 1Àx O 2 ] (d 50 ¼ 2.9 mm, d 90 ¼ 6.0 mm) was supplied by BASF SE. 10,17 Prior to use, a 1 wt% LiNbO 3 coating was applied to the cathode material. 4,5 Super C65 carbon black (Timcal), Ketjenblack EC-600JD (Akzo-Nobel), conical carbon nanobers (100 nm  20-200 mm; Sigma

Frontiers of solid-state batteries

MRS Bulletin

Solid-state batteries are considered the holy grail of next-generation battery technology, meeting the ever-increasing demand for energy storage that is affordable and safe, with high energy density and long cycle life. Materials and interfaces play a critical role for their eventual success and mass commercialization. This issue of MRS Bulletin focuses on the current state of the art of solid-state electrolytes and device architectures and provides a perspective into the various materials and interfacial challenges that limit its performance and stability.

Solid Electrolyte: the Key for High-Voltage Lithium Batteries

Advanced Energy Materials, 2014

tremendous research efforts have been devoted to developing new electrolytes with expanded safety window 12 ] as well as modifying the surface of anodes and cathodes 14 ] for improved stability, it is not easy to address the above four problems simultaneously. High-voltage lithium batteries can be successfully utilized only if all these problems associated with the cathode, the electrolyte, and the anode are solved fully.