In vitro effects of the green synthesized silver and nickel oxide nanoparticles on the motility and egg hatching ability of Marshallagia marshalli (original) (raw)
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Journal of Helminthology, 2016
The present study focuses on the in vitro anthelmintic activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized using the aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica against Haemonchus contortus. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies. The UV-Vis spectrum exhibited a sharp peak at 420 nm, which was validated by electron microscopy, indicating the preparation of spherical nanoparticles measuring 15-25 nm in size. The in vitro study was based on an egg hatch assay (EHA) and adult motility inhibition assays. Six concentrations of AgNPs were used for EHA, ranging from 0.00001 to 1.0 μg/ml, and a range of 1-25 μg/ml was used for adult worms. The highest concentration induced 85 ± 2.89% egg hatch inhibition. The IC 50 value for EHA was 0.001 μg/ml, whereas in vitro adult H. contortus motility inhibition was produced at 7.89 μg/ml (LC 50). The effectiveness of A. indica leaf extract (aqueous) was also evaluated, which showed an IC 50 value for EHA of 115.67 μg/ml, while the LC 50 against adult H. contortus was 588.54 μg/ml. The overall findings of the present study show that the experimental plant extract contains reducing properties for the synthesis of AgNPs which, in turn, showed potent anthelmintic properties. This is the first report where AgNPs have been tested for their anthelmintic properties in an in vitro model.
Evaluation of green synthesized silver nanoparticles against parasites
Parasitology Research, 2011
Green nanoparticle synthesis has been achieved using environmentally acceptable plant extract and eco-friendly reducing and capping agents. The present study was based on assessments of the antiparasitic activities to determine the efficacies of synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous leaf extract of Mimosa pudica Gaertn (Mimosaceae) against the larvae of malaria vector, Anopheles subpictus Grassi, filariasis vector Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae), and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus Canestrini (Acari: Ixodidae). Parasite larvae were exposed to varying concentrations of aqueous extract of M. pudica and synthesized AgNPs for 24 h. AgNPs were rapidly synthesized using the leaf extract of M. pudica and the formation of nanoparticles was observed within 6 h. The results recorded from UV–vis spectrum, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy support the biosynthesis and characterization of AgNPs. The maximum efficacy was observed in synthesized AgNPs against the larvae of A. subpictus, C. quinquefasciatus, and R. microplus (LC50 = 13.90, 11.73, and 8.98 mg/L, r 2 = 0.411, 0.286, and 0.479), respectively. This is the first report on antiparasitic activity of the plant extract and synthesized AgNPs.
Journal of Plant Protection and Pathology, 2016
In this investigation, silver nanoparticles (AgNP) were evaluated as a nematicidal substance in laboratory and screenhouse experiments. Second infective juveniles (IJ2) of Meloidogyne incognita were exposed to AgNP in water at with the consternations of 20, 40, 200, 500, and 1500 ppm/ml. the concentration of 200 ppm caused 52% mortality at the third day, while 500 ppm caused 51% mortality after one day and 64%, 82% after the second and the final day, respectively. The most effective concentration was 1500 ppm which caused 89%, 93, and 96.5 %, respectively. In the screen house experiment, all the concentrations of AgNP inhibited the nematode growth (gall and egg formation and final population) and eggs hatchability. However the high concentrations of 200 ppm, 500 ppm, and 1500 ppm were more significant in their effect. The application of AgNP didn't show toxic effect on the plant growth or the free living nematodes. It can be concluded that, the laboratory assays to the nematicidal effect of AgNP, and the screenhouse evaluation demonstrated that, its nano silver may be a more safety alternative method to control root knot nematodes.
Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 2017
Current study investigated the nematicidal activity of leaf extracts of Conyza dioscoridis, Melia azedarach, and Moringa oleifera that were prepared as silver nanoparticles (Ag-NP). The characterisation and size confirmation of the Ag-NP were done by UV-vis spectrophotometry and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The phytochemical contents of crude extracts and the nano formulations were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Results revealed that silver nanoparticles of C. dioscoridis extractives had great nematicidal activity against the 2 nd stage juvenile (J2) and eggs of Meloidogyne incognita. Also, the Ag-NP showed similar nematicidal effect to the reference nematicide; rugby. The GC-MS analysis revealed the increase of certain metabolites due to the formulation of the Ag-NPs. Aromadendrene, 1-hydroxy-1,7-dimethyl-4-isopropyl-2,7cyclodecdiene, 6-epi-shyobunol, 4-hexylacetophenone, β-isocomene, caryophyllene, β-and α-selinene, α-cadinol, berkheyaradulen, and bis-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate were increased more than 2.5-folds in the Ag-NP compared the extract. Therefore, the green synthesis of metal nanoparticles might be a safe, effective and affordable nematicide alternatives.
Efficacy of silver nanoparticles against the adults and eggs of monogenean parasites of fish
Parasitology Research, 2019
Monogeneans are a diverse group of parasites that are commonly found on fish. Some monogenean species are highly pathogenic to cultured fish. The present study aimed to determine the in vitro anthelmintic effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against adults and eggs of monogeneans in freshwater using Cichlidogyrus spp. as a model organism. We tested two types of AgNPs with different synthesis methodologies and size diameters: ARGOVIT (35 nm) and UTSA (1-3 nm) nanoparticles. Damage to the parasite tegument was observed by scanning electron microscopy. UTSA AgNPs were more effective than ARGOVIT; in both cases, there was a concentration-dependent effect. A concentration of 36 μg/L UTSA AgNPs for 1 h was 100% effective against eggs and adult parasites, causing swelling, loss of corrugations, and disruption of the parasite's tegument. This is an interesting result considering that monogenean eggs are typically tolerant to antiparasite drugs and chemical agents. To the best of our knowledge, no previous reports have assessed the effect of AgNPs on any metazoan parasites of fish. Therefore, the present work provides a basis for future research on the control of fish parasite diseases.
Efficacy of plant-mediated synthesized silver nanoparticles against hematophagous parasites
Parasitology Research
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the acaricidal and larvicidal activity against the larvae of Haemaphysalis bispinosa Neumann (Acarina: Ixodidae) and larvae of hematophagous fly Hippobosca maculata Leach (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) and against the fourth-instar larvae of malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi Liston, Japanese encephalitis vector, Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles (Diptera: Culicidae) of synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) utilizing aqueous leaf extract from Musa paradisiaca L. (Musaceae). The color of the extract changed to light brown within an hour, and later it changed to dark brown during the 30-min incubation period. AgNPs results were recorded from UV–vis spectrum at 426 nm; Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis confirmed that the bioreduction of Ag+ ions to silver nanoparticles are due to the reduction by capping material of plant extract, X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns clearly illustrates that the nanoparticles formed in the present synthesis are crystalline in nature and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) support the biosynthesis and characterization of AgNPs with rod in shape and size of 60–150 nm. After reaction, the XRD pattern of AgNPs showed diffraction peaks at 2θ = 34.37°, 38.01°, 44.17°, 66.34° and 77.29° assigned to the (100), (111), (102), (110) and (120) planes, respectively, of a faced centre cubic (fcc) lattice of silver were obtained. For electron microscopic studies, a 25 μl sample was sputter-coated on copper stub, and the images of nanoparticles were studied using scanning electron microscopy. The spot EDX analysis showed the complete chemical composition of the synthesized AgNPs. The parasite larvae were exposed to varying concentrations of aqueous extract of M. paradisiaca and synthesized AgNPs for 24 h. In the present study, the percent mortality of aqueous extract of M. paradisiaca were 82, 71, 46, 29, 11 and 78, 66, 38, 31and 16 observed in the concentrations of 50, 40, 30, 20, 10 mg/l for 24 h against the larvae of H. bispinosa and Hip. maculata, respectively. The maximum efficacy was observed in the aqueous extract of M. paradisiaca against the H. bispinosa, Hip. maculata, and the larvae of A. stephensi, C. tritaeniorhynchus with LC50 values of 28.96, 31.02, 26.32, and 20.10 mg/lm, respectively (r 2 = 0.990, 0.968, 0.974, and 0.979, respectively). The synthesized AgNPs of M. paradisiaca showed the LC50 and r 2 values against H. bispinosa, (1.87 mg/l; 0.963), Hip. maculata (2.02 mg/l; 0.976), and larvae of A. stephensi (1.39; 0.900 mg/l), against C. tritaeniorhynchus (1.63 mg/l; 0.951), respectively. The χ 2 values were significant at p < 0.05 level.
Efficacy of Silver Nanoparticles of Extractives of Artemisia Judaica Against Root-Knot Nematode
Journal of Environmental Studies and Researches
G reen synthesis of the nanoparticles is a novel technology that effectively uses the plants' crude extracts as safe and eco-friendly pesticide alternatives. The current study investigated the nematicidal activity of leave extracts of Artemisia judaica and their silver nanoparticles (Ag-NP). Characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles was done using the UV-Vis spectrophotometry and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the phytochemical contents of extracts and the Ag-NP formulations were characterized by the gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The results revealed that Ag-NP formulations were more toxic to the second juvenile (J2) of Meloidogyne incognita than the corresponding crude extracts. The inhibitory effects of all extractives on the egg and larval stages of the nematode were concentration dependent. The plant extracts synthesized in the form of silver nanoparticle showed comparable nematicidal activity against M. incognita to the recommended nematicide; rugby. The GC-MS analysis revealed the increase of certain secondary metabolites in the Ag-nano formulation, such as 4-(2',4',4'-trimethyl-yciclo[4.1.0]hept-2'-en-3'-yl)-3-buten-2one, berkheyaradulene, caryophyllene, humulene, and allooaromadendrene were increased more than 20-30 folds. Silver nanoparticles of natural extracts might be considered as a suitable methodology to produce safe, effective and affordable nematicide alternatives.
iris Publishers LLC, 2019
Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are incredibly damaging pests, which cause significant losses in crop yields worldwide. One of the most prevalent PPNs is the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) ranks number one on the most economically devastating list of pests and thus scientifically important PPNs. Recently, the use of chemical nematicides for root-knot nematode management has decreased due to governmental restrictions; which necessitates the development and identification of alternative pest management procedures. In this study, we evaluated the use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a potential biopesticide under in-vitro conditions. AgNPs were synthesized utilizing a naturally occurring biopolymer (chitosan) as a reducing agent through microwave irradiation. When J2-stage nematodes were exposed to 0.0005 μg of AgNPs for 1 min, significant mortality (P ≤ 0.01) was observed and approximately 100% of nematodes became inactive within 24 and 48 hrs. Our preliminary study has demonstrated a potential environmentally friendly alternative for the management of the root-knot nematodes.
Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences
Background Cyanobacterium-based silver nanoparticles are considered not only as an efficient nano-nematicide but also as a bio-stimulant material for plant growth. They could be employed as a part of an integrated program for controlling some plant diseases. Results In this study, silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were biosynthesized from aqueous extract of the cyanobacterium, Nostoc sp. PCC7524. Full characterization of the biosynthesized Ag-NPs was monitored by UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction pattern, Zeta sizer, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In vitro assay against the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica showed that Ag-NPs significantly decreased egg hatching of M. javanica at different applied concentrations (3, 6, 12, 25, and 50%, v/v). Fifty percent of Ag-NPs induced the highest reduction percent (94.66%). Moreover, Ag-NPs and AgNO3 significantly increased the percentages of larval mortality of the second-stage juveniles (...
Synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles using different methods and study their bioactivity
Scientific Research Journal of Clinical and Medical Sciences, 2023
There is a growing interest in metal oxide nanoparticles with unanticipated features that are different from traditional materials to fulfill the demands of these applications. Nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles were created by sol-gel and co-precipitation methods. In this study, nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) were prepared by co-precipitation using NiCl2 salt as a source of nickel nanoparticles and sodium hydroxide solution as a precipitating agent at room temperature and via sol-gel using citric acid (C6H8O7.H2O) and n-propanol (C3H7OH). The nickel hydroxide Ni(OH)2 precipitate was obtained, then it was calcinated at 500°C to obtain the nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs). The structural, morphological, and spectral properties were confirmed and investigated by using FE-SEM, TEM, and XRD, respectively. The antibacterial activity of the nickel oxide nanoparticles was investigated against several pathogenic bacteria, including E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus using the well diffusion method. The results showed good to excellent activity.