RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SUSTAINABILITY DIMENSIONS IN GREECE (original) (raw)
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Environmental Kuznets Curve in Greece in the Period 1960-2014
International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2020
CO 2 emissions in Greece have increased significantly in recent decades. Many researches point out that Greek's economy structure is characterized by a strong interdependence of energy use and economic growth, so that any increase in national production leads to an increase in CO 2 emissions. In this sense, Greek's economy structure does not allow policies to de-escalate the level of CO 2 emissions without cost in terms of economic growth. This paper focuses on investigating the short and long term relationship between Gross National Product (GDP), CO 2 emissions and gross energy use over the period 1960-2014, using appropriate econometric tools. Additionally, the impact of the urbanization rate on CO 2 emissions is examined. The exploration of these relationships is part of the Kuznets Environmental Curve (EKC) theory that economic growth ultimately leads to a degradation of environmental degradation.
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
We formulate two kinds of weak sustainability criteria when feedback or arbitrary rules are used for selecting policy variables in non optimizing economies. When policy variables are selected arbitrarily their accounting prices should determine sustainability criteria in addition to the accounting prices of the economy's assets and genuine investment should be adjusted accordingly. We use our theoretical framework to obtain estimates of sustainability conditions in real economies. Thus, the paper's contribution consists in developing a systematic theoretical framework for determining value functions, accounting prices, sustainability criteria, and genuine investment under general non-optimizing behavioral rules, and then showing that this framework can be used in applied work to estimate sustainability conditions. Based on our theoretical model, we provide empirical evidence for sustainability conditions in the Greek economy.
Exploring Environmental Kuznets Curve. An Investigation on Eu Economies
Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 2019
Designing and implementing relevant and effective environmental policies and fostering green and environmental-friendly approaches and behaviors are constant aims for policy makers all over the world. Concurrently, implementing environmental policies involves significant economic and financial efforts, in order to repair environmental damage and to prevent future negative environmental consequences. How effective are the environmental expenditures and how are they related to the economic growth, i.e. the GDP level, are issues of major concern at a governmental level. In this article we are examining the relation between GDP and environmental expenditure, by using statistical data available for EU economies, for the time period 1995-2013. We found that the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis is supported in most of the EU economies, both for government environmental protection and specialized providers, public and private environmental protection. Further and deeper analyses perfo...
International Journal of Green Economics
Greece is a high-public-debt EU country, which has become the epicentre of the European Union (EU) and global attention. Being the seat of the origins of democracy and of oikonomia, the events in Greece are of particular importance and have much wider implications and hence this present journal issue will examine some lesser known aspects of the crisis there. Due to the importance of the crisis in Greece, Miriam Kennet, the Editor in Chief has invited the two guest writers to compile a set of papers outlining and highlighting some detailed concerns of academics and researchers in the contemporary Greek setting. The papers in this current issue, therefore, are all compiled by Drosos Dimitrios of the Technological Education Institute of Piraeus, Business School, in Athens. The papers illustrate the kinds of concerns they are facing and which Greece, as a whole, is finding challenging, both in terms of its overall economic health and also its late realisation of what Green Economics ca...
Do the NMS-10 Develop Sustainably in the EU? A Kuznets Curve Approach
International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2023: Vol 7. Selected Papers (pp. 91-104)., 2023
Research background: Sustainable development with its three dimensions (economic, social, and ecological) is of key importance to the existence of human civilization. Sustainability is a complex category and in this research, each of its components is analyzed separately and in connection with others. Economic stability is related to the level of real income per capita, indicating the standard of living of a nation; social resilience is shown by income inequality, and environmental sustainability is expressed by the amount of greenhouse gas emissions per person. Purpose of the article: The focus is on the empirical analysis of the nexuses between income inequality, environmental quality, and purchasing power with a view to sustainability in 10 European Union member countries from Central and Eastern Europe, known as the NMS-10. To achieve its purpose, the study derives the original and ecological Kuznets curve for the NMS-10 as a group. The links between income inequality and living standard, on the one hand, and environmental degradation and living standard, on the other hand, are estimated. Methods: The research methodology includes two autoregressions with distributed lag (ARDL) with annual data from Eurostat and Transparency International for the period 2007-2020. Findings & Value added: The obtained empirical results indicate a long-term N-shaped relationship between income inequality and purchasing power in the NMS-10, while living standard affects the quality of the environment in NMS-10 neither in the long term nor in the short term.
The environmental Kuznets curve and sustainability: A panel data analysis
Energy Policy, 2014
ABSTRACT In recent years, sustainability has represented one of the most important policy goals explored in the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) literature. But related hypotheses, performance measures and results continue to present a challenge. The present paper contributes to this ongoing literature by studying two different EKC specifications for 10 Middle East and North African (MENA) countries over the period 1990–2010 using panel data methods. For the first specification, namely EKC, we show that there is an inverted U-shape relationship between environmental degradation and income; while for the second specification, namely modified EKC (MEKC), we show that there is an inverted U-shape relationship between sustainability and human development (HD). The relationships are shaped by other factors such as energy, trade, manufacture added value and the role of law. More interestingly, findings from the estimation show that EKC hypothesis, HD and sustainability are crucial to build effective environmental policies.
Environmental Input - Output Multipliers in Greece: The Impact of Technological Change (1988-1998)
The paper derives measures of environmental emissions related to economic activity in Greece for the year 2000, utilizing the environmental input-output framework. Alternatively, two different technical coefficients matrices, i.e. for the years 1988 and 1998 respectively, are used for the calculations concerning year 2000. The difference observed in the results originates in technological change and is expressed directly through each year's technical coefficients matrix. The empirical application provides the air pollutant production intensities by industry (direct and total) for the economy as a whole, as well as for each type of emission. The economic data and environmental data are obtained from the Greek NAMEA tables. The NAMEA tables correspond to the system of National Accounts, and more specifically, to the structural interdependencies within the economy. The empirical findings show that technological change between 1988-1998 has, in general terms, led to the decrease in...
The Environmental Kuznets Curve: Empirical Evidence from OECD Countries
Energy Consumption, Conversion, Storage, and Efficiency [Working Title]
The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis reflects the relationship between environmental quality and GDP per capita. The environmental quality decreases in early periods of GDP growth per capita until a certain point, and after that, it begins to increase. This paper investigates the presence of the EKC curve in OECD countries over the period 1997–2015 and identifies thresholds levels of GDP per capita leading to lower emissions per capita for these countries. Also, it points out the key role of energy from renewable sources. Based on nonlinear panel data methods, findings show that CO2 emissions increase up to a certain level of income (10774$–44494$ per head) and then, they decrease. Policymakers are encouraged to consider economy, technology, and environment all together and handle the legal regulations they will implement, accordingly.
Update of indicators for climate change mitigation in Greece
Energy Policy, 2011
This paper analyses the factors affecting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Greece, (i.e. the drivers of pressures on climate change), using environmental indicators related to energy, demographics and economic growth. The analysis is based on the data of 2008 and considers types of fuel and sectors. The Kaya identity is used to identify the relationship between drivers and pressures, using annual time series data of National GHG emissions, population, energy consumption and gross domestic product. The analysis shows that over the period 2000-2008, GHG emissions show a slight variation, but they are almost stabilised, with a total increase of 1.6%. Despite the economic growth over that period, this stabilisation may be considered as a combination of reductions in the energy intensity of GDP and the carbon intensity of energy, which are affected by improvements in energy efficiency and introduction of ''cleaner'' fuels, such as natural gas and renewables in the energy mixture of the country.