A temperature-dependent phenology model for the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) (original) (raw)
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Environmental Entomology, 2004
The potato tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella Zeller, is a serious pest of the potato, Solanum tuberosum L., in subtropical and tropical production systems around the world. Knowledge of the temperature-dependent population growth potential is crucial for understanding population dynamics and implementing pest control strategies in different agro-ecological zones. The development, mortality of immature life stages, and reproduction of P. operculella were studied at constant temperatures ranging from 10 to 32ЊC. The theoretical developmental thresholds were 11, 13.5, and 11.8ЊC, and required incubation times were 65.3, 165.1, and 107.6 degree-days (DD) for the egg, larval, and pupal stages, respectively. The nonlinear shape of the temperatureÐ development curve at low temperatures was well described by the modiÞed four-parameter Sharpe & DeMichele model. The log-normal function was Þtted to the normalized cumulative frequency distributions of developmental times for each life stage. Temperature effects on immature mortality were described by polynomial regressions. The optimal temperature for survival was within the range of 20 Ð30ЊC. Temperature effects on adult senescence were described by the modiÞed Sharpe & DeMichele model. A polynomial function was Þtted to total fecundity and temperature. Fecundity was highest around 21ЊC. Agerelated cumulative proportions of fecundity were well described by a Gamma function. Most eggs were laid within the Þrst quarter of the female life span. The established functions were used to build a P. operculella population model, and life table parameters were simulated over a range of temperatures. Calculations gave good predictions when compared with published data. Populations increase within a temperature range of 10 Ð35ЊC, with an optimum at 28 Ð30ЊC.
The effect of microclimatic parameters on population dynamics of tomato whitefly
International Journal of Chemical Studies, 2019
The present study entitled as “Effect of population dynamic of whitefly and different transplanting dates on yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) under climatic conditions of Allahabad” was conducted during rabi season 2017-2018 at the field Experimentation Center of Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, SHUATS, Allahabad. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design in three dates of transplanting (10, 20 and 30 November). Results revealed that the maximum temperature, wind speed and bright sunshine hours were negatively correlation to population on whitefly at fifth standard week due to sudden fluctuation of weather parameters while at the same time growing degree day and humid thermal ratio showed a positive correlation to whitefly population. Therefore climate change would result in changes in the population dynamics of insect pests. Thus temperature rise plays a pivotal role in insect population dynamics.
Modeling Demographic Response to Constant Temperature in Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2010
Alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is among the most destructive pests of alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., in the world. Survivorship and fecundity schedules of H. postica were investigated to characterize the population growth potential of the weevil at six constant temperatures: 11.5, 14.0, 19.0, 24.0, 29.0, and 31.5ЊC. Preoviposition period, oviposition period and female longevity signiÞcantly decreased with rising temperature within the temperature range tested. At the respective temperatures adult female lived an average of 294.2, 230.2, 163.6, 141.0, 84.10, and 32.9 d, with average lifetime progeny production of 470, 814, 2,209, 3,619, 2,656, and 338 eggs per female. The net reproductive rates (R 0 ) were 86.9, 288.0, 869.7, 1,479.7, 989.8, and 107.8 females per female, respectively. Mean daily fecundity (M x ) was modeled as a function of time by using both Enkegaard and Analytis models. Survivorship data (l x ) of adult females were summarized and compared using the shape and scale parameters of the Weibull frequency distribution model across the temperature range tested. Life table entropy values within the range 14.0 Ð31.5ЊC (H Ͻ0.5) indicates SlobodkinÕs type I survivorship curve; however, the value of 0.806 at 11.5ЊC (H Ͼ0.5) corresponds to type III. As temperature increased, the r m exhibited an asymmetrical dome-shaped pattern, with a maximum value of 0.114 females per female per d at 29.0ЊC. The r m Ðtemperature relation of weevils was modeled and critical temperatures (T Min , T Opt , and T Max ) for intrinsic rate of increase of the weevil were computed as 8. 83, 30.61, and 32.14ЊC and 5.72, 29.94, and 32.12ЊC by using Analytis/Allahyari and Analytis/Briere-2 models, respectively.
Modeling Demographic Response to Constant Temperature in Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae
Alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is among the most destructive pests of alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., in the world. Survivorship and fecundity schedules of H. postica were investigated to characterize the population growth potential of the weevil at six constant temperatures: 11.5, 14.0, 19.0, 24.0, 29.0, and 31.5ЊC. Preoviposition period, oviposition period and female longevity signiÞcantly decreased with rising temperature within the temperature range tested. At the respective temperatures adult female lived an average of 294.2, 230.2, 163.6, 141.0, 84.10, and 32.9 d, with average lifetime progeny production of 470, 814, 2,209, 3,619, 2,656, and 338 eggs per female. The net reproductive rates (R 0 ) were 86.9, 288.0, 869.7, 1,479.7, 989.8, and 107.8 females per female, respectively. Mean daily fecundity (M x ) was modeled as a function of time by using both Enkegaard and Analytis models. Survivorship data (l x ) of adult females were summarized and compared using the shape and scale parameters of the Weibull frequency distribution model across the temperature range tested. Life table entropy values within the range 14.0 Ð31.5ЊC (H Ͻ0.5) indicates SlobodkinÕs type I survivorship curve; however, the value of 0.806 at 11.5ЊC (H Ͼ0.5) corresponds to type III. As temperature increased, the r m exhibited an asymmetrical dome-shaped pattern, with a maximum value of 0.114 females per female per d at 29.0ЊC. The r m Ðtemperature relation of weevils was modeled and critical temperatures (T Min , T Opt , and T Max ) for intrinsic rate of increase of the weevil were computed as 8. 83, 30.61, and 32.14ЊC and 5.72, 29.94, and 32.12ЊC by using Analytis/Allahyari and Analytis/Briere-2 models, respectively.
2002
Longevity, fecundity, oviposition frequency and intrinsic rate of increase (r m) of the greenhouse whitefly were determined on beef tomato cv. Boris, in an unheated, automated greenhouse with an average temperature of the 16 °C and an average RH of 81%. The mean longevity of females and males was 36.5 and 47.2 days, respectively. The fecundity was 208.5 eggs per female, the oviposition frequency was 5.7 eggs per living female per day, and the intrinsic rate of increase was 0.0645. These values are higher if compared to results of previous research on tomato in general, but it is known that beef tomato cv.'s are better host plants than round tomato cv.'s. When compared to the results of a previous study on beef tomato in The Netherlands, the longevity was shorter, the oviposition frequency was higher and the fecundity was similar. The Colombian whitefly strain shows differences in longevity and oviposition frequency when compared to European whitefly strains. The estimated r m of Encarsia formosa, parasitoid of T. vaporariorum, was 0.0974 and is considerably higher than the r m of the greenhouse whitefly determined under the same experimental conditions. This is a promising indication for biological control of greenhouse whitefly in Colombian greenhouses.
Biology, 2022
The tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is an invasive pest that devastates the production of tomatoes and other solanaceous vegetables. Since its trans-Atlantic invasion in 2006, T. absoluta has spread and established in many countries across the Afro-Eurasian Supercontinent, causing huge yield losses. This study aimed to determine the relationship between temperature and the life history traits of T. absoluta and provide the thermal thresholds for development using life cycle modelling. Linear and non-linear models were fitted to life table data collected at five constant temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 °C, with Relative Humidity 70 ± 5% and photoperiod 12L:12D. Another experiment was conducted at fluctuating temperatures to validate the laboratory results. Tuta absoluta completed its life cycle at temperatures between 15 and 35 °C. The development time ranged between 4.0–11 days, 6.3–16.0 days, and 5.4–20.7 days for egg, larva, and pupa, re...
Virus Research, 2020
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Crop Protection, 2014
The temperature-dependent population growth potential of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, a highly polyphagous and invasive mealybug species, was studied on sprouted potatoes under laboratory conditions at six constant temperatures (15e40 C). Several non-linear equations were fitted to the obtained data to model temperature-dependent population growth and species life history. The established equations for each life age/stage of the species were compiled to obtain an overall temperaturedependent phenology model. The life table parameters of P. solenopsis were estimated using stochastic simulation centred on a rate summation and cohort updating approach. The theoretical lower development threshold temperatures estimated using linear regressions applied to mean development rates were 11.2, 8.9, 9.8 and 12.7 C, and the thermal constants for development were 93.7, 129.8, 97.1 and 100.0 degree days (DD) for nymph 1, nymph 2, nymph 3 and male pupa stages, respectively. The developed phenology model predicted temperatures between 25 and 35 C as the favourable range for P. solenopsis development, survival and reproduction. P. solenopsis population attained a maximum net reproductive rate (107e108 females/female/generation) and total fecundity (216.6e226.5 individuals/ female/generation) at temperatures between 25 and 30 C. Mean length of generations decreased from 75.6 days at 15 C to 21 days at 40 C. The maximum finite rate of increase (1.12e1.16 females/female/ day) and shortest doubling time (4.3e6.1 days) were also observed at temperatures between 25 and 35 C. The simulation of phenology model at fluctuating temperatures indicated that P. solenopsis populations might potentially increase with a finite rate of 1.06 females/female/day with an average generation time of 58.7 days and a doubling time of 12.1 days. The obtained life table parameters were reasonably similar when compared with literature data. The present model can be simulated spatially for estimating the pest risk and undertaking agro-ecoregion specific pest management strategies.
A Temperature-Dependent Phenology Model for Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae)
Journal of Economic Entomology, 2017
Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) is an economically important and highly polyphagous worldwide pest. To establish a temperature-dependent phenology model, essential for understanding the development and growth of the pest population under a variety of climates and as part of a pest risk analysis, L. huidobrensis life-table data were collected under laboratory conditions at seven constant temperatures on its host faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Several nonlinear equations were fitted to each life stage to model the temperature-dependent population growth and species life history and finally compile an overall temperature-dependent pest phenology model using the Insect Life Cycle Modeling (ILCYM) software. Liriomyza huidobrensis completed development from egg to adult in all temperatures evaluated, except at 32 C, which was lethal to pupae. Eggs did not develop at 35 C. Mean development time of all immature stages decreased with increasing temperature. Nonlinear models predicted optimal temperature for immature survival between 20-25 C (32-38% mortality of all immature stages). Life-table parameters simulated at constant temperatures indicated that L. huidobrensis develops within the range of 12-28 C. Simulated life-table for predicting the population dynamics of L. huidobrensis under two contrasting environments showed that lowland temperatures at the coast of Peru (250 m.a.s.l.) presented better conditions for a potential population increase than highland (3,400 m.a.s.l.) conditions. The presented model linked with Geographic Information Systems will allow pest risk assessments in different environmental regions to support the regulation of pest movement to prevent pest entry into not-yet invaded regions as well as to implement effective management strategies.