Current Status of Field-Effect Transistors for Biosensing Applications (original) (raw)
Related papers
Recent Advances and Progress in Development of the Field Effect Transistor Biosensor: A Review
Journal of Electronic Materials
The vital utilization of biosensors in different domains has led to the design of much more precise and powerful biosensors, since they have the potential to attain information in a fast and simple manner compared to conventional assays. The present review describes the basic concepts, operation, and construction of biosensors and presented an ideology that choice of categorization, selection of immobilization method and advantages are crucial factors for an efficient and commercial biosensor. Amongst various biosensors, the field effect transistor (FET)-based biosensors have shown much more potential and immense advantages such as high detection ability and sensitivity for both neutral and charged biomolecules and, hence, have been explored comprehensively in the present review. This paper discusses the current challenges in device design by mainly focusing on the quantitative and qualitative performance parameters such as sensing surface properties, signal-to-noise ratio and various other factors, since consideration of these factors will eventually address the crucial concerns related to device design and practical limitations. The critical measures to translate the commercialization of biosensors in the market at a high pace have also been discussed. Hence, the discussion on device challenges illustrates that there is a scope of improvement in the areas such as short-channel effects, specificity and nanocavity filling factor for revolutionary advances in FET-based biosensors. Optimal selection of design rules and biosensing material has the potential to feature the next generation of biosensors. The present paper reports that following integrated multidisciplinary approaches and switching to nanotechnology in designing of FETbased biosensors can offer a lot of improvements in the practical key factors (such as low cost and reliability) and opportunities for the biosensors in the marketplace.
Field-Effect Transistor Biosensors for Biomedical Applications: Recent Advances and Future Prospects
Sensors
During recent years, field-effect transistor biosensors (Bio-FET) for biomedical applications have experienced a robust development with evolutions in FET characteristics as well as modification of bio-receptor structures. This review initially provides contemplation on this progress by briefly summarizing remarkable studies on two aforementioned aspects. The former includes fabricating unprecedented nanostructures and employing novel materials for FET transducers whereas the latter primarily synthesizes compact molecules as bio-probes (antibody fragments and aptamers). Afterwards, a future perspective on research of FET-biosensors is also predicted depending on current situations as well as its great demand in clinical trials of disease diagnosis. From these points of view, FET-biosensors with infinite advantages are expected to continuously advance as one of the most promising tools for biomedical applications.
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2003
This paper is a review of the authors' publications concerning the development of biosensors based on enzyme field-effect transistors (ENFETs) for direct substrates or inhibitors analysis. Such biosensors were designed by using immobilised enzymes and ion-selective field-effect transistors (ISFETs). Highly specific, sensitive, simple, fast and cheap determination of different substances renders them as promising tools in medicine, biotechnology, environmental control, agriculture and the food industry.
Current trends in nanomaterial embedded field effect transistor-based biosensor
Recently, as metal-, polymer-, and carbon-based biocompatible nanomaterials have been increasingly incorporated into biosensing applications, with various nanostructures having been used to increase the efficacy and sensitivity of most of the detecting devices, including field effect transistor (FET)-based devices. These nanomaterial-based methods also became the ideal for the amalgamation of biomolecules, especially for the fabrication of ultrasensitive, low-cost, and robust FET-based biosensors; these are categorically very successful at binding the target specified entities in the confined gated micro-region for high functionality. Furthermore, the contemplation of nanomaterial-based FET biosensors to various applications encompasses the desire for detection of many targets with high selectivity, and specificity. We assess how such devices have empowered the achievement of elevated biosensor performance in terms of high sensitivity, selectivity and low detection limits. We review the recent literature here to illustrate the diversity of FET-based biosensors, based on various kinds of nanomaterials in different applications and sum up that graphene or its assisted composite based FET devices are comparatively more efficient and sensitive with highest signal to noise ratio. Lastly, the future prospects and limitations of the field are also discussed.
A comprehensive Analysis of Nanoscale Transistor Based Biosensor: A Review
2021
Imperative introduction of biosensor in the field of medicine, defence, food safety, security and environmental contamination detection acquired paramount attraction. Thus the foundation of the fame of biosensors in detecting wide scope of biomolecules in innumerable fields has driven researchers in advancement of biosensor and enhancing more updates in devices. Among all semiconductor-FET based biosensors grab attraction due to their miniaturization, mass production, ultra-sensitive in nature, improved lifetime, rapid response and reduce thermal budgets. In this review, field effect based biosensors sensitive to ions their principle model along with pros and cons of different structures. Various performance characteristics for semiconductor based biosensor are explored along with detection of label free analytes such as tuberculosis, glucose, antigen 85-B with ISFET. Following with comprehensive detail on MOSFET junction less Silicon based Dual Gate Biosensor with their design para...
MODELING ION SENSITIVE FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS FOR BIOSENSOR APPLICATIONS
iaeme
During recent decades increasing interest has been shown in the development of biosensors based on ion sensitive field effect transistors (ISFETs). Many ISFET– based pH sensors have been already commercialized and attempts have also been made to commercialize ISFET- based biosensors for applications in the fields of medical, environmental, food safety, military and biotechnology areas. The growing interest for development of these sensors can be explained by the fact that they are manufactured by means of semiconductor techniques which have innovative potential and therefore, may result in the appearance of new biosensor technologies. The basic theoretical principles of ISFET usage in bio analytical practice, the operation principle of ISFET, its modeling and a brief introduction of ISFET technology are considered in this review.
Enzyme monolayer-functionalized field-effect transistors for biosensor applications
Sensors and Actuators B-chemical, 2000
A gate surface of an ion-selective field-effect transistor was modified with a monolayer enzyme array that stimulates biocatalytic reactions that control the gate potential. Stepwise assemblage of the biocatalytic layer included primary silanization of the Al O-gate 2 3 with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, subsequent activation of the amino groups with glutaric dialdehyde and the covalent attachment of the enzyme to the functionalized gate surface. Urease, glucose oxidase, acetylcholine esterase and a-chymotrypsin were used to organize the biocatalytic matrices onto the chip gate. The resulting enzyme-based field-effect transistors, ENFETs, demonstrated capability to sense urea, glucose, acetylcholine and N-acetyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester, respectively. The mechanism of the biosensing involves the alteration of the pH in the sensing layer by the biocatalytic reactions and the detection of the pH change by the ENFET. The major advantage of the Ž. enzyme-thin-layered FET devices as biosensors is the fast response-time several tens of seconds of these bioelectronic devices. This advantage over traditional thick-polymer-based ENFETs results from the low diffusion barrier for the substrate penetration to the biocatalytic active sites and minute isolation of the pH-sensitive gate surface from the bulk solution.
Field-Effect transistors as transducers in biosensors for substrates of dehydrogenases
Electroanalysis, 1994
A specially designed field-effect transistor (FET) with a significantly enlarged gate area was applied in a classical urea enzyme FET (ENFET). The resulting high stability and sensitivity toward pH shifts make it predestinated for the measurement of H+ produced in the equilibrium of NAD+ -dependent enzymatic reactions, especially when the equilibrium is shifted by a subsequent reaction. As a model, the glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) reaction connected to an ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) is demonstrated by which glucose could be determined in the range from 1 to 40 mM. A platinum electrode on the gate of the FET permits the measurement of reduction equivalents (NADH) by means of the recently, reported chronopotentiometrical methods. Thus, in principle, a way toward a redox ENFET is shown.