پویایی گروه (آموزش به مادران باردار) (original) (raw)

بررسی تأثیر عوامل اجتماعی و روانی بر احساس نشاط (مورد مطالعه : دانشآموزان 18- 16 ساله شهر اهواز)

مجله پژوهشی جامعه شناسی کاربردی, 2015

This scale is composed of 5 items. The Cronbach's alpha score of social trust scale was 0.631 in the present Study. Feeling of insecurity was measured by the Cops & Pleysier (2011) fear of crime scale. This scale is composed of 8 items. The Cronbach's alpha score of fear of crime scale was 0.767 in the present Study. Data were analyzed in SPSS using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and multiple linear regressions. Discussion of Results & Conclusions The mean of age was 35 (SD = 8.5) years, 68.3% girl and 31.7% boy. The mean of happiness was 99 (SD = 13.62). Correlations between happiness and independent variables showed that happiness was in significantly positive relations with social networks (r = 0.236, P<0.01), social trust (r = 0.17, P<0.01), selfesteem (r = 0.546, P<0.01), and in significantly negative relations with feeling of insecurity (r =-0.114, P<0.01), and relative deprivation (r =-0.478, P<0.01). The stepwise multiple regressions were conducted to determine which of the five independent variables (social networks, social trust, feeling of insecurity, selfesteem and relative deprivation) were significant predictors of happiness. Regression results indicated an overall model with four of the five variables (selfesteem, relative deprivation, social trust and social networks) as significantly contributing to the final model. Feeling of insecurity was an insignificant predictor. Overall, this study examined the influence of social and psychological factors on adolescent happiness in Ahwaz. The findings revealed that correlation between all independent variables with happiness as dependent variable was confirmed. According to results social networks significantly and positively correlated with happiness. This result is consistent with Veenhoven's, Berk's and Putnam's views. The results also showed that direct correlation between social trust and happiness existed. This result is consistent with Giddens's, Bourdieu's and Putnam's view. The findings suggest that self-worth and selfesteem have a significant impact on students' happiness, so it is necessary to pay special attention to it. In sum, self-esteem, relative deprivation, social trust and social networks are significant predictors explaining approximately 40 % of the total variance of the happiness variable in this study

بررسي غلظت کادمیوم و کروم در شير مادر

مجله دانش و تندرستي, 2013

Introduction: Nutrition of children has the highest priority in any program aimed at children's health care. Milk contaminated with various toxic elements can have adverse effects on children's health. This study aimed to determine the concentration of heavy metals including cadmium(Cd) and chromium (Cr) of breast feeding women's milk in Varamin. Methods: This is a cross sectional study. In the present study, chromium and cadmium levels in milk of 100 mothers attending clinics in the city of Varamin were measured in four to eight weeks after delivery, using atomic absorption spectrometry. Results: The mean values (±SD) of Cd and Cr in human milk were 5±6.9 μg/ml and 3±2.7 μg/ml respectively. Result of Linear regression showed that cadmium levels were higher in breast milk of people living close to the factory or industrial center. Also, the chromium levels were higher in the breast milk of women in cases of: Smoking by spouses, consumption of imported rice, consumption of mineral water, and living close to the factory or an industrial center. Conclusion: This study showed that the relationship of some factors such as living near a factory or an industrial center, smoking by spouse, the type of consumed rice and water, with the level of cadmium and chromium. Cadmium and chromium levels of breast milk in this study were higher than the levels of these elements mentioned in the reviewed articles and international standard. Because some variables, such as living near a factory or an industrial center, smoking by spouse, the type of consumed rice and water can affect the amount of entering elements in breast milk. Actions can be taken to reduce or eliminate these variables in order to decrease the mentioned elements in human milk.

واکاوی استفاده از روشهای اورژانسی جلوگیری از بارداری

2020

امروزه مردم فراوان از روش‌های جلوگیری از بارداری استفاده می‌کنند. دسته‌ای از این روش‌ها، روش‌های اورژانسی نامیده می‌شود و شکل‌های گونه‌گونی دارد که هر کدام عملکردی متفاوت دارد؛ ولی معمولایک یا چند عملکرد از این سه عملکرد رخ می‌‌دهد: 1. با از بین بردن اسپرم یا کند کردن حرکت اسپرم به سمت تخمک از لقاح و تشکیل نطفه ممانعت می‌‌شود؛ 2. مانع آزاد سازی تخمک از تخمدان می‌‌شود؛ 3. مانع لانه‌گزینی تخمک لقاح‌یافته در دیوارۀ رحم می‌‌شود. از منظر فقهی، اصل برائت و ادلۀ جواز عزل می‌‌تواند به عنوان دلیل بر حلیت روش‌های جلوگیری از بارداری قبل از تشکیل نطفه اقامه شود؛ ولی در صورتی که نطفه منعقد شد اسقاط آن حرام است. با توجه به اینکه بیشتر راه‌های اورژانسی جلوگیری، ترکیبی عمل می‌‌کنند در صورتی که شک شود روشی، مانع لقاح است یا اینکه مانع لانه‌گزینی شده و سبب اسقاط نطفۀ منعقدشده می‌گردد، می‌‌توان به استناد صحیح رفاعه حکم به تحریم داد؛ چه اینکه صحیح رفاعه بر حرمت استفاده از داروی سقط در صورت احتمال حاملگی دلالت دارد. بلکه صحیح اسحاق‌بن‌عمار که حرمت استفاده از دارو در صورت ترس از حاملگی را روایت می‌کند نی...