Liver heme oxygenase-1 expression is positively induced by palm oil-derived tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) supplementation in mice (original) (raw)
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Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 2016
A diet rich in tocotrienols has been shown to be beneficial for health. However, its detailed mechanism of action is still not fully understood. NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is important in cellular defence due to its ability to detoxify reactive quinones and quinoneimines to their less toxic hydroquinones forms. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of different doses of palm oil-derived tocotrienol rich fraction (palm TRF) supplementation on NQO1 gene and protein expression in mice livers. Western blot and qPCR assays were used to detect NQO1 expression levels. It was found that palm TRF significantly induced NQO1 expression at all doses given. In conclusion, palm TRF treatment increased NQO1 gene and protein expression in mice liver dose dependently, with the highest expression seen in mice treated with 1000 mg/kg palm TRF, followed by 500 and 200 mg/kg respectively.
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research
Objective: Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is enzyme that possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective functions. Induction of HO-1 occurs as an adaptive and beneficial response to various injurious stimuli such as oxidative stress. This study is aimed at monitoring the effects of administration of equal doses (50 mg/kg) of sulforaphane (SFN), curcumin, quercetin, indole-3-carbinol, and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) for 14 days on the levels of liver HO-1 gene and protein expression in mice. Method: A total of 48 adult male ICR white mice (25–30 g) were divided into eight groups: Normal control group (n=6), SFN-treated group (n=6), quercetin-treated group (n=6), curcumin-treated group (n=6), BHA-treated group (n=6), indole-3-carbinol treated group (n=6), vehicle 1 control group (n=6), and vehicle 2 control group (n=6). All chemicals were administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 14 days. Vehicle 1 (dimethyl sulfoxide, TweenTM 20, and normal saline at a ratio ...
Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2019
Objective: Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is enzyme that possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective functions. Induction of HO-1 occurs as an adaptive and beneficial response to various injurious stimuli such as oxidative stress. This study is aimed at monitoring the effects of administration of equal doses (50 mg/kg) of sulforaphane (SFN), curcumin, quercetin, indole-3-carbinol, and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) for 14 days on the levels of liver HO-1 gene and protein expression in mice. Method: A total of 48 adult male ICR white mice (25-30 g) were divided into eight groups: Normal control group (n=6), SFN-treated group (n=6), quercetin-treated group (n=6), curcumin-treated group (n=6), BHA-treated group (n=6), indole-3-carbinol treated group (n=6), vehicle 1 control group (n=6), and vehicle 2 control group (n=6). All chemicals were administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 14 days. Vehicle 1 (dimethyl sulfoxide, Tween TM 20, and normal saline at a ratio of 0.05:0.1:0.85) was used to dissolve SFN, quercetin, and curcumin. Vehicle 2 (corn oil) was used to dissolve indole-3-carbinol and BHA. At day 15, the animals were sacrificed and their livers were isolated. From the liver, total RNA was extracted, reverse transcribed and subjected to quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect HO-1 gene expression. Agarose gel electrophoresis was also performed to verify the specificity of the amplification. HO-1 protein expression was determined by Western blotting.
Journal of Food Biochemistry, 2018
In the ongoing discussion on the health properties of palm oil, a study of the effect a diet supplemented with palm oil on blood and liver biochemical parameters, betacarotene and tocochromanols content as well as antioxidant activity was undertaken. Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups, fed with a diet supplemented with plant-based frying commercial fat, palm oil, 7.5% palm oil and 2.5% concentrate from palm oil and 10% of rapeseed oil, respectively. After 21 days, blood samples and livers were collected to determine beta-carotene and tocochromanols concentrations, antioxidant activity using DPPH* radical scavenging activity and TEAC methods, insulin, glucagon, serum triacyloglycerols and cholesterol levels, glucose in blood serum and glycogen in the livers. Research has shown valuable biological properties of palm oil in terms of plasma glucose, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triacylglycerol concentrations which was related to the high content of beta-carotene and tocochromanols. Practical application Public concern over the health properties of palm oil has been growing. Therefore, this study supplements existing knowledge in this area based on experimental rat observations. In the presented research, plasma glucose was significantly reduced and no additional growth of total or LDL cholesterol, as well as triacylglycerol concentration, was observed after consuming a palm oil-based diet. Palm oil was a good source of beta-carotene and tocochromanols, which were preferentially distributed in rats' livers. Bioavailability of vitamin E-active compounds in palm oil supplemented rats' livers was relatively high as compared to the rapeseed oil group, therefore this observation complements literature in the field of tocotrienols and tocopherols. Studies have not confirmed the harmful effect of palm oil on rats, however in depth human studies appear to be a promising direction for further research.
Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences
Indiscriminate application of organophosphate (OP) pesticides has led to environmental pollution and severe health problems. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of palm oil tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) on biochemical and morphological changes of the liver in rats treated with fenitrothion (FNT), a type of OP pesticide. A total of 28 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups; control group, TRF-supplemented group, FNT-treated group and TRF+FNT group. TRF (200 mg/kg) was supplemented 30 minutes prior to FNT (20 mg/kg) administration, both orally for 28 consecutive days. Following 28 days of treatment, plasma biochemical changes and liver morphology were evaluated. The body and absolute liver weights were significantly elevated in TRF+FNT group compared to FNT group. TRF administration significantly decreased the total protein level and restored the activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in TRF + FNT group. In...
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, 2015
Background: Tocotrienols have hypocholesterolemic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. Clinical studies using tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) from palm oil yielded inconsistent results with regards to its efficacy due to presence of tocopherols in TRF mixture. Objectives: The impact of tocopherol-free δ-tocotrienol on inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers, plasma cytokines/proteins, their gene expression, and microRNAs was studied in hypercholesterolemic subjects. Design: Hypercholesterolemic (n=31; serum cholesterol >5.2 mmol/L) subjects were enrolled in the study. All hypercholesterolemic subjects were given increasing doses of δ-tocotrienol (125, 250, 500, 750 mg/d) plus AHA Step-1 diet for 4 weeks each during a 30 week study period. Serum nitric oxide (NO), C-reactive protein (CRP), malondialdehyde (MDA), δ-glutamyl-transferase (δ-GT), total antioxidant status (TAS), cytokines/proteins, cDNA, and microRNAs were determined. Results: All concentrations of δ-tocotrienol reduced serum levels of NO, CRP, MDA, δ-GT. The most effective dose (250 mg/d) decreased serum NO (40%), CRP (40%), MDA (34%), δ-GT (22%) significantly (P<0.001), while TAS levels increased 22% (P<0.001). The 500 mg/d and 750 mg/d doses were less effective in improving oxidative stress compared to the 250 mg/d dose. Inflammatory plasma cytokines (resistin, IL-1 , IL-12, IFN-) were reduced 15-17% (P<0.05-0.01), while cardiac angiogenic fibroblast growth factor-b (FGF-b) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) were decreased by 11% and 14% (P<0.05-0.01), respectively, with 250 mg/d δ-tocotrienol treatment. Similar results were obtained for cytokine gene expression. Several plasma miRNAs (miRNA-16-1, miRNA-125a, miRNA-133, miRNA-155, miRNA-223, miRNA-372, miRNA-10b, miRNA-18a, miRNA-214) associated with cardiovascular disease and cancer were modulated by δ-tocotrienol treatment. Conclusions: In a dose-dependent study of 125-750 mg/d, δ-tocotrienol maximally reduced inflammation and oxidative stress parameters with a 250 mg/d dose in hypercholesterolemic subjects, and may be a potential therapeutic alternative natural product for the maintenance of health during aging process.
Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 2011
The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of different vegetable oils [red palm olein (RPO), palm olein (PO), corn oil (CO) and coconut oil (COC)] on lipid profile in rat. Sixty six Sprague Dawley male rats were randomly divided into eleven groups of 6 rats per group and were treated with 15% concentrations of RPO, PO, CO and COC for 4 and 8 weeks. Rats in control group were given normal rat pellet only while in treated groups 15% of additional vegetable oils were given. The results at 4 weeks showed a decline in Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) values at RPO and PO groups whereas in CO and COC groups the LDL-C were increased compared to the control group. The High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) values increased in RPO and PO groups whereas it was declined in CO and COC groups compared to the control group. At 8 weeks, there was no significant difference (P ≥ 0.05) in HDL-C of rats treated with vegetable oils compared to the control group. However, the LDL-C in RPO and PO was significantly decreased (P ≤ 0.05) in the LDL-C and there was no significant difference (P≥0.05) for CO and COC groups compared to the control groups. The mean value of the LDL-C after 8 weeks in the control group, RPO, PO, CO, and COC groups were 66.1 mg/dl, 31.9 mg/dl, 41.1 mg/dl, 50.41 mg/dl and 54.31 mg/dl respectively. There was significant decreased (P ≤ 0.05) in the total cholesterol (TC) in RPO group for 4 weeks compared to the control group while the TC in PO, CO and COC were within the normal range. The results of TC in all treated rats for 8 weeks were within the normal range. There was no significant difference in TC of rats treated with vegetable oils compared to the control group. Triglycerides (TG) in all treated rats for 4 weeks were within the normal range whereas the TG in RPO, PO and CO groups for 8 weeks were significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) compared to the control group but there was no significant difference between the control group and COC group.
2020
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Pathology, Laboratory and Forensics (I-PPerForM), Institute of Molecular Medicine Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery (AuRIns), Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia Contributions: (I) Conception and design: SH Sheikh Abdul Kadir, S Ab Rahim, M Mazlan, MD Mohd Efendy Goon; (II) Administrative support: MD Mohd Efendy Goon, NI Zulkanain; (III) Provision of study materials or patients: SH Sheikh Abdul Kadir, S Ab Rahim, M Mazlan; (IV) Collection and assembly of data: MD Mohd Efendy Goon, NI Zulkanain; (V) Data analysis and interpretation: All authors; (VI) Manuscript writing: All authors; (VII) Final approval of manuscript: All authors. Correspondence to: Siti Hamimah Sheikh Abdul Kadir. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Tek...
The role of tocotrienols in liver health and disease
2018
Tocotrienols are part of the vitamin E family and are largely found in palm oil, rice bran and annatto. However, tocotrienols are less popular and not as comprehensively studied in comparison to tocopherols, which is the other isomer of vitamin E. Tocotrienols are similar to tocopherols in which alpha, beta, gamma and delta subtypes of both forms of vitamin E exist naturally. Tocotrienols are unsaturated and contain isoprenoid side chains, which differentiates them from tocopherols. Previous studies indicated that tocotrienols have superior antioxidant and biological effects against chronic diseases compared to tocopherols. The liver is the major powerhouse organ involved in metabolism and thus very susceptible to injury caused by xenobiotics, harmful chemicals and toxic metabolites. Uncontrolled levels of these reactive molecules leads to increased oxidative stress in the liver environment, which is thought to be the major aetiology of liver toxicity and liver cancer. This review w...