Overview on Different Types of Solar Cells: An Update (original) (raw)

Investigation of Various Solar Photovoltaic Cells and its limitation

Renewable and Nonrenewable Energy, 2022

Solar cells generate Electric Uses sunlight Semiconductor devices. They are like processing computer memory chips. Solar cells primarily Silicon so; it is caused by the sun's rays Absorbs exposed photons. A photovoltaic cell, commonly referred to as the solar cell, it is exposed to direct sunlight a non-mechanical device that converts electricity. Some PV cells Converts artificial light into electricity. Solar cells are cell-based cells and are classified into two types as thin film based cell. What are the disadvantages of Quantitative solar cell? It has a low absorption coefficient, high cost and high temperature and reduces the efficiency of the cell in Low light conditions. To overcome these shortcomings Perovskite, high absorption coefficient, Flexible, light weight The thin film consists of a solar cell and increased performance at high temperatures. The main objectives of this chapter are origin of the Perovskite solar cell; it is a brief discussion of the features, applications, challenges and future trends.

Solar Cells: In Research and Applications—A Review

The light from the Sun is a non-vanishing renewable source of energy which is free from environmental pollution and noise. It can easily compensate the energy drawn from the non-renewable sources of energy such as fossil fuels and petroleum deposits inside the earth. The fabrication of solar cells has passed through a large number of improvement steps from one generation to another. Silicon based solar cells were the first generation solar cells grown on Si wafers, mainly single crystals. Further development to thin films, dye sensitized solar cells and organic solar cells enhanced the cell efficiency. The development is basically hindered by the cost and efficiency. In order to choose the right solar cell for a specific geographic location, we are required to understand fundamental mechanisms and functions of several solar technologies that are widely studied. In this article, we have reviewed a progressive development in the solar cell research from one generation to other, and discussed about their future trends and aspects. The article also tries to emphasize the various practices and methods to promote the benefits of solar energy.

Photovoltaic-A Review of the solar cell Generation

This report centers on the past, present and the future directions of the solar cell and module technologies. The merits and demerits of the single-crystal, polycrystalline and amorphous technologies are discussed. The dye sensitized solar cell technologies (DSSC) are highlighted as the emerging, low cost alternatives for power generation. Their basic operating principles and the governing factors of the solar device performance are discussed. The performance and stability of the DSSC module is highlighted and their outlook towards commercialization is also described at the end.

Solar Photovoltaic Cell: History, Working Principle and Landscape

The definition of photovoltaic is derived from the word "photo" with the Greek meaning light and "voltaic" meaning voltage. A photovoltaic (PV) cell or solar cell, is a nonmechanical device that instantly converts sunlight directly into electricity. A historical development in chronological order since its discovery in 1839, is described in six phases from inception to full commercialization today. The semiconductor physics of solar cells in light of molecular orbital (MO) theory, energy band gap, electrical conducting properties, crystal structure and p-n junction highlight the inner mechanism of conversion of solar light into electricity. Stage wise construction of solar cells and then modules are explained for the commercially available panels in the market. The I-V characteristics in context with efficiency, power output, fill factor, impact of radiation and effect of temperature gives an insight into its field performance. Description of different types of monocrystalline, polycrystalline and amorphous solar cells gives an idea of suitability of different cell materials in the wake of long-term use. Recent research has prompted the development of potential emerging technologies of solar cells. Some of them are on the verge of commercialization. It is interesting to note the SPV technology landscape worldwide that explains technology wise, country wise and year wise installations of solar power projects. To maintain uniformity of quality, international IEC standards have been formed. Finally, recent advances in solar modules have been briefly explained for different kinds of applications.

An introduction to solar cell technology

Istrazivanja i projektovanja za privredu, 2016

Solar cells are a promising and potentially important technology and are the future of sustainable energy for the human civilization. This article describes the latest information achievement in the field of solar cells [Solar cell efficiency tables (version 48) containing the latest efficiency of different types of solar cells published on July 2016. The article also contains data related to the worlds' energy and particularly that part which related to the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy. On the basis of these data prospects of solar energy for human and the possible ways of implementing the latest advanced Photovoltaic technology are defined. Also, methods of conversion of solar energy into electricity, working principles and materials used for various types of photovoltaic technology, as well as the global solar market, present cost of solar energy and roadmap of solar energy is presented in this paper. Imagine solar cells installed in cars to absorb solar energy to replace the traditional use of diesel and gas. Using the same principle, cell phones can also be charged by solar energy. There are such a wide variety of applications.

Advancements In Photovoltaic (Pv) Technology for Solar Energy Generation

Photovoltaic (PV) technology has witnessed remarkable advancements, revolutionizing solar energy generation. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the recent developments in PV technology, highlighting its improved efficiency, affordability, and accessibility. The discussion begins with an introduction to PV technology, explaining its role in solar energy generation. It then delves into the efficiency improvements achieved through novel materials, cell architectures, and manufacturing techniques, emphasizing their impact on performance and cost-effectiveness. The article explores emerging PV technologies, including perovskite, tandem, and organic solar cells, discussing their potential advantages, challenges, and progress in terms of efficiency, stability, and scalability. Innovative manufacturing techniques like roll-to-roll printing and thin-film deposition are examined for their contributions to scalability and cost reduction. The integration of energy storage technologies with solar PV systems is addressed, highlighting advancements in batteries and energy management systems. Solar tracking systems and concentrator technologies are reviewed for their benefits in optimizing solar energy capture. Environmental considerations encompassing manufacturing, operation, and disposal of PV systems are explored, along with efforts to mitigate their impacts through recycling initiatives and eco-friendly materials. The article also examines economic and policy factors driving solar PV adoption, including cost trends, government incentives, and policy frameworks. It concludes by discussing the challenges ahead, such as improving stability, reducing costs, and enhancing grid integration, while presenting ongoing research and future prospects for further advancements in PV technology. This comprehensive overview illuminates the progress made and the potential of PV technology to shape the future of solar energy generation.

Photovoltaic solar cells: An overview of state-of-the-art cell development and environmental issues

… in crystal growth and characterization of …, 2005

This paper gives an overview of the materials and methods used for fabricating photovoltaic solar cell devices. The technologies discussed include those based on the use of silicon (in the crystalline, multicrystalline, amorphous and micro-crystalline forms), the IIIeV compounds (e.g. gallium arsenide, indium phosphide and gallium antimonide), the polycrystalline compounds (e.g. cadmium telluride, copper gallium indium diselenide and copper indium disulphide), and organic materials (e.g. dyes, polymers and fullerenes). The paper also discusses the important environmental and energy issues with regard to the manufacture, use and disposal of the solar cells and modules.

Study of organic and perovskite solar cells for power conversion efficiency improvement

2018

In recent years, thin film organic solar cells (OSCs) and perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on solution processable organic semiconductors and perovskites, respectively, have attracted huge research interests as promising alternatives to conventional silicon solar cells, owing to their appealing features such as lightweight, large area production capabilities, low fabrication cost and mechanical flexibility. Although, OSCs have achieved power conversion efficiency (PCE) of about 12 %, it is still lower than 25 % obtained in silicon solar cells. In comparison, the PCE of perovskite solar cells has reached more than 22 %, which is much better but both OSCs and PSCs have a stability problem; their working lifetime is very short. As a result, both OSCs and PSCs have not reached the commercialization stage yet. Hence, the understanding of physical processes that govern the operation and stability of organic and perovskite solar cells is very crucial in order to find pathways to enhance...

A Review on Different Generation of Solar Cells

2018

Solar cells provide clean safe renewable energy. Pollution free and environment friendly photovoltaic (PV) technologies are now generally identified as an alternative solution to many global-scale problems free such as energy demand, pollution, and environment safety. Our primary solution to this increasing electricity consumption has been to burn more fossil fuels (coal, oil, or natural gas) or build more nuclear plants. However, the greenhouse gasses produced by burning fossil fuels have been responsible for global warming, and safe disposal of high-level radioactive waste from nuclear plants raises several issues. Renewable energy is perceived as a sustainable solution to ensure future energy supply as well as being carbon dioxide emissions free or neutral. In this paper we compare different type of solar cell regarding construction and efficiency and processing cost.