Tobacco retail policy landscape: a longitudinal survey of US states (original) (raw)
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The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 2015
Recent amendments to federal law and a burgeoning body of research have intensified public health officials' interest in reducing youth initiation of tobacco use, including by regulating the time, place, or manner of tobacco product advertising at the point of sale. This article analyzes legal obstacles to various strategies for reducing youth initiation.
Retailer adherence to Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act, North Carolina, 2011
Preventing chronic disease, 2013
The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act regulates the sales and marketing of tobacco products in the United States; poor adherence by tobacco retailers may reduce the effectiveness of the Act's provisions. The objectives of this study were 1) to assess whether and to which provisions retailers were adherent and 2) to examine differences in adherence by county, retailer neighborhood, and retailer characteristics.
Tobacco promotions at point-of-sale: the last hurrah
Canadian journal of …, 2009
The retail environment provides important opportunities for tobacco industry communication with current, former, and potential smokers. This study documented the extent of tobacco promotions at the retail point-of-sale and examined associations between the extent of tobacco promotions and relevant city and store characteristics.
Tobacco Induced Diseases
of tobacco product retailers have led to a decrease in the prevalence of youth buying cigarettes in a store 3-5. However, social access to cigarettes has been increasing, with strong evidence indicating that youth aged <18 years can obtain their cigarettes from friends and young adults aged 18-20 years 6-8. In 2015, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) examined existing literature on tobacco use initiation and ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION Tobacco control laws that raise the minimum age of tobacco sales to 21 years (T21) play a pivotal role in youth tobacco prevention, yet empirical data are sorely needed to inform enforcement, compliance efforts, and future legislation. METHODS Spatial analysis was conducted at the zip code level by geocoding the states and localities that adopted T21 ordinances from 2015 to 2019. A multi-level logistic regression model was conducted to examine disparities in neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES), FDA retail inspection, and state-level tobacco control policies associated with T21 adoption. RESULTS T21 adoption at the state and local level increased considerably from 1.4% of zip codes in 2015 to 40.2% in 2019. However, the T21 ordinances were disproportionally adopted in New England (82.6%) and Pacific (73.6%) regions with scarce coverage in East South Central (<0.1%), Mountain (1.6%), and West North Central regions (6.1%). The T21 policies were more likely to be adopted in areas with stronger tobacco control policies, urban areas (vs rural, adjusted odds ratio, AOR=1.25, p=0.005), areas with a larger Hispanic (AOR=1.19, p<0.0001) or Asian population (AOR=1.12, p<0.0001), and in areas where the population had higher levels of education (AOR=1.05, p<0.0001). It was less likely to be adopted in areas with larger proportions of American Indians, youths, and young adults. Nearly 40% of zip codes with tobacco retailers did not receive annual FDA tobacco retail inspections for underage sales in 2019. The average retail violation rate of underage sales of tobacco products in T21 regions was lower than in non-T21 regions. CONCLUSIONS Disparities in T21 adoption, retail inspections, and retail compliance may limit the policy impact. Unified enforcement of youth tobacco access restrictions with resources and interventions in vulnerable communities is needed to reduce tobacco-related health disparities.
E-cigarette Tobacco Retail Licensing Laws: Variance Across US States as of January 1, 2020
American Journal of Public Health, 2020
Objectives. To describe how US states and the District of Columbia regulate e-cigarette sales by examining e-cigarette–specific tobacco retail licensing (TRL) laws. Methods. We coded 25 state-level e-cigarette TRL laws (effective as of January 1, 2020) for provisions we labeled as either “core” (e.g., presence of license terms, fees, and penalties) or “descriptive” (e.g., license fee amount and term length). Results. Overall, 23 laws clearly defined a license term, 23 laws required a license fee, and 19 laws identified penalties for violations that included both license suspension and revocation. Fees widely ranged ($5–$1000 annually), and 8 laws did not explicitly direct fees toward TRL administration or enforcement. No law required that retailers comply with all local, state, and federal tobacco or e-cigarette laws. Conclusions. Most laws contained core TRL provisions. Several laws, however, had minimal license fees and did not direct fees toward administration or enforcement. As ...
Single Cigarette Sales: State Differences in FDA Advertising & Labeling Violations, 2014, USA
Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2015
Single cigarettes, which are sold without warning labels and often evade taxes, can serve as a gateway for youth smoking. Among other regulations, the US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) enforces those prohibiting the sale of single cigarettes through the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (FSPTCA), and has conducted over 335,661 inspections between 2010 and September 30, 2014, and allocated over $115 million toward state inspections contracts. To examine differences in single cigarette violations across states and determine if likely correlates of single cigarette sales predict single cigarette violations at the state level. Cross-sectional study of publicly available FDA warning letters from January 1 to July 31, 2014. All 50 states and the District of Columbia. Tobacco retailer inspections conducted by FDA (n=33,543). State cigarette tax, youth smoking prevalence, poverty, and tobacco production. State cigarette tax, youth smoking prevalence, poverty, and tobacco p...
Tobacco Control, 2016
Objective The Standardized Tobacco Assessment for Retail Settings (STARS) was designed to characterise the availability, placement, promotion and price of tobacco products, with items chosen for relevance to regulating the retail tobacco environment. This study describes the process to develop the STARS instrument and protocol employed by a collaboration of US government agencies, US state tobacco control programmes (TCPs), advocacy organisations, public health attorneys and researchers from the National Cancer Institute's State and Community Tobacco Control (SCTC) Research Initiative. Methods To evaluate dissemination and early implementation experiences, we conducted telephone surveys with state TCP leaders (n=50, response rate=100%), and with individuals recruited via a STARS download registry on the SCTC website. Website registrants were surveyed within 6 months of the STARS release (n=105, response rate=66%) and again after ∼5 months (retention rate=62%). Results Among the state TCPs, 42 reported conducting any retail marketing surveillance, with actual or planned STARS use in 34 of these states and in 12 of the 17 states where marketing surveillance was not previously reported. Within 6 months of the STARS release, 21% of surveyed registrants reported using STARS and 35% were likely/very likely to use it in the next 6 months. To investigate implementation fidelity, we compared data collected by self-trained volunteers and by trained professionals, the latter method being more typically in retail marketing surveillance studies. Results suggest high or moderate reliability for most STARS measures. Conclusion The study concludes with examples of states that used STARS to inform policy change.