The roots of Gravity in Electrodynamics (original) (raw)
Related papers
Implications within the greater Cosmos of the proven connection of Electromagnetism to Gravity
The theoretical and experimental work of this author from 2014 to 2018 has been aimed at the exploration of the nature of mass and gravity. Over this period the view of mass and gravity has been modified and developed as ideas were adjusted to fit theory with observation and experiment. Mathematics has never been a substitute for observation and experiment (a view also expressed by Nikola Tesla in his Colorado Springs Notes).
Unity between Gravitational and Electromagnetic Forces: A Concept
2012
This paper proposes a concept that ties together the mechanisms of gravity and electromagnetism. The concept is drawn from two papers by the present author, “The Cause of Gravity: A Concept” [1] and “Electricity and Magnetism: A Return to Aether” [2]. Both papers posit the existence of a sub-atomic substance, aether, as an essential component of gravity and electromagnetism. The present paper and the two underlying papers are based upon the proposition that the phenomena of gravity, electricity and magnetism, and their respective energy fields, have mechanical explanations, such that their causes are entirely physical. In other words, these forces are the result of a physical process of direct contact, as distinct from what is known as “action-at-adistance”. This approach rejects any notion of attraction or repulsion that is not the result of actual physical contact. The gravity paper argues that gravity is caused by aether flowing into and expelled out of cosmic bodies. Both incomi...
American Journal of Modern Physics, 2015
The paper starts by analyzing the actual justification of the separation existing between electrical and gravitational forces, considering that for neutral bodies the electrical interaction force at long distances r, totally cancels as equal and opposed +/- forces FC, given by Coulomb law. Initially it was demonstrated that the type of the force FD, attraction or repulsion, between two electrical dipoles, having the same orientation, is given by the variation mode of the electrical forces FC with the r distance. In this paper one demonstrates that this electrical dipole force FD may exist at any distance r, by reciprocal orientation of any two dipoles. But such dipole force FD depends on a term in 1/r4 or greater power, being negligible compared to the gravitational force FN, which in Newton’s law depends on 1/r2. In order to obtain the principal term in 1/r2, for dipole interaction FD, it was necessary and sufficiently to admit a hypothesis which considers a new Coulomb law force FCC, as a series of terms of powers of r, including a new term of the form –ln r. With this corrected Coulomb law force FCC, for dipole interaction new force FDC, an expression having the principal term in 1/r2 results, as in Newton’s law. In order to verify the above hypothesis, numerical checking for the new dipole force FDC with first 4 terms of series was performed, utilizing actual electric permeability, the constant ε0 corrected, in all the terms. These calculations made for an astronomical distance (109m), showed a good agreement (relative ratio R=FN/FDC ≈ 0.626) between the force FN given by Newton’s law and the dipole force FDC obtained with the corrected Coulomb law. On the basis of this gravity theory, some important consequences result, such as the inexistence of the gravitational waves, of the black holes, of the space gravitational curvature, and of the big-bang. This gravity theory with more than 4 terms of series yield all of the four known forces in nature, so unifying them. The new dipolar gravity theory is physically possible only in quantum manifestation of the charges, and admitting the presence of a continuum media (a modern ether) as physical support of electromagnetic interactions
Analysis of a possible correlation between electrical and gravitational forces
Physics Essays, 2008
This paper begins by analyzing the justification of the separation existing between electrical and gravitational forces. The existing justification is that the dipole interaction force at long distances r for neutral bodies totally cancels the opposing force. In this paper it will be demonstrated that this force may exist at any distance, but it depends on a term in ͑r −4 ͒ or greater power, while the gravitational force depends on ͑r −2 ͒. In order to obtain the principal term in ͑r −2 ͒ for dipole interaction, it was necessary to admit a hypothesis introducing into Coulomb's law a new term in the form −ln r. With the corrected Coulomb's law, for dipole interaction force, an expression having the principal term in ͑r −2 ͒ results as in the Law of Gravitational force. Numerical verification showed agreement between the forces obtained using the Newton and corrected Coulomb's laws for astronomical distances. On this basis the principal points and consequences of a new theory of gravitational forces are presented. Résumé: L'article départ de l'analyse de la justification actuelle de la separation q'existe entre les forces électriques et les forces gravitationnelles. La justification existante consiste en admettre que la force d'interaction de dipôle électrique pour un corp neutre, a longue distance r, s'annule totalement. Dans l'article on demontra que cette force peut exister, mais elle depende d'un terme contenant ͑r −4 ͒ ou pouvoirs supérieurs, tandis que la force gravitationnelle dépende de ͑r −2 ͒. En but d'obtenir le terme principal en ͑r −2 ͒ aussi pour l'interaction de dipôle, il a été nécessaire d'admettre une hypothese qui introduit dans la loi de Coulomb un nouveau terme sous la forme −ln r. Avec la loi de Coulomb correcte, pour la force d'interaction de dipôle a résulté une expression ayant le terme principal en ͑r −2 ͒ aussi comme la force gravitationelle. Les vérifications numériques ont démontrés une bonne concordance entre les forces obtenue avec les deux lois de Newton et de Coulomb, pour des distances astronomiques. Sur cette base sont présentées les points principaux et les conséquences de la nouvelle théorie des forces gravitationnelles.
An Explanation of Gravitation Outside Relativity and the Implications
2014
Neutral bodies are composed of equal numbers of positive and negative electric charges whose fields exist in space and are balanced everywhere. So space is crisscrossed by equal and opposite electric field intensities emanating from bodies in accordance with Coulomb’s inverse square law. Mass of a body and Newton’s law of gravitation are expressed in terms of the number of charges constituting each of two separate bodies in space. It is proposed that an electric field from one charge in a body is obstructed and deflected outwards by a like charge encountered in another body, such that force of repulsion is reduced. For unlike charges, the deflection of an incident field is inwards so that force of attraction is increased. While electrostatic forces of repulsion and attraction cancel out exactly, gravitational forces of attraction remain, in accordance with Newton’s inverse square law.
A certain generalization of Maxwell equations was proposed in [1]. It implies the use of total time derivatives instead of the partial ones. A partial solution of this system was found for the case of the fields induced by electric charges. The scalar product of electric fields created by different charges determines their interaction energy, and the vector product of their magnetic fields determines their interaction impulse. Having calculated interaction energy gradient, we obtain interaction force as Huygens understood it, and having calculated impulse total time derivative, we obtain Newton’s interaction force. It turns out that these forces’ physical meaning and mathematical description essentially differ. The gradient part depends on the product of charges’ velocities, and is equal to zero if at least one of the charges is at rest. This part incorporates force formulas proposed earlier by Ampere, Whittaker and Lorentz. The last one is usually defined by interaction of a certain charge, called “test charge” and the fields induced by the other charge. Actually it coincides with force formula proposed earlier by Grassmann. The proposed formula, in contrast to Lorentz formula, satisfies Newton’s third law. The second Newtonian part of the force formula depends on the product of the differences of the charge velocities and accelerations. Therefore it predicts interaction, in particular, between moving and standing charges, in addition to Coulomb force. It contains terms proposed earlier for force description by Gauss and Weber. As in the case of the Lorentz force formula, it adds terms that make the Gauss and Weber force symmetric. A certain part of this force is inverse in squared light velocity c2 and a part of it is inverse in c3. Apparently these items are essential for the electroweak interaction. This appendix is devoted to a similar investigation of gravitational forces created by moving masses. Corresponding fields are described by Maxwell type equations in which first time derivatives are changed for the second ones. One can say that Electricity is a field of velocities and gravity is a field of accelerations. Solutions of such a system are used to construct interaction energy and interaction impulse. The gradient of the scalar product of corresponding gravitational fields, and second time derivative of vector product of gravimagnetic fields, turn out to give accurate analogs of electrodynamic interaction. But here forces depend not only on velocities and accelerations, but also on third and fourth derivatives as well.
On the structure of the force field in electro gravitational vacuum
Canadian Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 5125-5131, 2021
Analysis of the field equations for the tensors of the mass and charge components of the general field shows that their source is the charge four-current. In this connection, an assumption is made that it is the charge component of the force field of the electrogravitational vacuum in the form of fluxes of charged particles within the framework of Le Sage's theory of gravitation, which is mainly responsible for both electromagnetic and gravitational interactions, as well as for the action of other fields inside bodies. The parameters of the vacuum's charged particles can be determined quite accurately using the theory of similarity within the theory of infinite nesting of matter, so that the description of the cause of emergence of electromagnetic and gravitational forces is filled with specific content.
The Origin of Gravitation and Electromagnetism
Theoretical Physics, 2019
Assuming that protons and electrons are three-dimensional body particles that have only mass and volume, the volume repulsion can ensure the finiteness of particle density. A scalar potential and a vector potential are constructed respectively with the mass density and the momentum density. A set of particle field equations is derived from the scalar and vector potentials with the help of vector calculus. The equation set is general field equations in three-dimensional flat space, instead of that in four-dimensional curved spacetime. It is shown that the particle field includes gradient field, divergence field and curl field. The gradient field predicts both attraction and repulsion between particles, the divergence field represents the undulation of particles, and the curl field describes the vortex motion of the particles. It is proven that gravitation and electromagnetism both originate from the interaction of body particles. The undulation of pure electronic system represents both gravitational waves and electromagnetic waves. If graviton and photon are regarded as body particles identical to electron, the electrons are the dark matter in the background of the universe.
The Electromagnetic Nature of Gravity
2012
The gravitational motion of any solar planet around the Sun is the result of all neutral charges of hydrogen atoms forming the Sun, where the squared velocity of any planet multiplied by its distance from the center of the Sun equals to very high degree the squared amount of neutral charge of hydrogen atom multiplied by number of hydrogen atoms in the Sun. This means that gravity and electromagnetism are the same thing in the solar system. Are we before one of the great scientific discoveries ? let us hope.
Theoretical Physics journal, Physics Tomorrow Letters (PTL), 2021
CC. 4 INTERNATIONAL DISTRIBUTION Page156 E instein's General Relativity Theory explains why two Mass Bodies Attract each other according to Newton's Gravitation Law: F = G⋅(m 1 ⋅m 2)/ r^2 The General Relativity Theory concluded that a Distortion of the Interwoven Space/Time Entity, caused by one Mass, guides all other Mass Bodies how to attract towards it. Interestingly, Coulomb's Law: F = Ke⋅(q 1 ⋅q 2)/ r^2 , that defines the Attraction/Repulsion between two Electric Charges, has an identical structure to that of Newton's Gravitation Law's. So, it is reasonable to wonder if the origins of the Attraction/Repulsion between two Electric Charges are also similar. This question is this study's focus. A New Theory proposes an answer to this question. The New Theory describes three Interwoven Space/Time Entities: : 1. A Mass Interwoven Space/Time that guides the Accelerated Attraction between Mass Objects. This part of the theory complies with Einstein's General Relativity Theory.2. A Positive Electric Charge Interwoven Space/Time that guides Positive Electric Charges how to Repel/Attract from/to any Electric Charge in an Accelerated movement.3. A Negative Electric Charge Interwoven Space/Time that guides Negative Electric Charges how to Repel/Attract from/to any Electric Charge in an Accelerated movement. This study' results imply that in both Mass Objects' attraction, and Electrically Charged Bodies' attraction or repulsion, the origins of the attraction or repulsion, is rooted in the Distortion of the appropriate Interwoven Space/Time entity. So, this theory explains the origins of the Coulomb's Force analogously to the explanation of the Gravitation Force's origins by the General Relativity Theory. That New Theory also predicts that the Acceleration between two Electrically Charged Bodies Attracted/Repelled-to/from each other, is usually dependent on the Electric Charge Bodies' magnitudes, and not on their Mass magnitudes. Based on this idea, the present study provides a detailed proposal for an experimental process, intending to validate the new theory. RESEARCH PAPER.