Aegean Late Bronze Age Research Papers (original) (raw)

The Indus Script hieroglyphs and Meluhha rebus renderings of these cylinder seals are: 1. ḍāng 'mountain range'; ḍang 'hill range' rebus: dhangar 'blacksmith' PLUS loa = a species of fig tree, ficus glomerata, the fruit of ficus... more

The Indus Script hieroglyphs and Meluhha rebus renderings of these cylinder seals are:

1. ḍāng 'mountain range'; ḍang 'hill range' rebus: dhangar 'blacksmith' PLUS loa = a species of fig tree, ficus glomerata, the fruit of ficus glomerata (Santali) Rebus: Rebus: lo ‘iron’(Assamese, Bengali); loa ‘iron’ (Gypsy) lauha = made of copper or iron (Gr.S'r.); metal, iron (Skt.); lōhakāra = coppersmith, ironsmith (Pali); lōhāra = blacksmith (Pt.); lohal.a (Or.); lōha = metal, esp. copper or bronze (Pali); copper (VS.); loho, lō = metal, ore, iron (Si.) lōhá ʻ red, copper -- coloured ʼ ŚrS., ʻ made of copper ʼ ŚBr., m.n. ʻ copper ʼ VS., ʻ iron ʼ MBh.[*rudh -- ] Pa. lōha -- m. ʻ metal, esp. copper or bronze ʼ; Pk. lōha -- m. ʻ iron ʼ,Gy. pal. li°, lihi, obl. elhás, as. loa JGLS new ser. ii 258; Wg. (Lumsden) "loa" ʻ steel ʼ; Kho. loh ʻ copper ʼ; S. lohu m. ʻ iron ʼ, L. lohā m., awāṇ.lōˋā, P. lohā m. (→ K.rām. lohā),WPah.bhad. lɔ̃u n., bhal. lòtilde; n.,pāḍ. jaun. lōh, paṅ. luhā, cur. cam. lohā,Ku. luwā, N. lohu, °hā, A. lo,B. lo, no, Or. lohā, luhā,Mth. loh, Bhoj. lohā, Aw.lakh.lōh, . loh, lohā m.,G. M. loh n.; Si. loho, lō ʻmetal, ore, iron ʼ; Md. ratu -- lō ʻ copper ʼ. *lōhala -- , *lōhila --, *lōhiṣṭha -- , lōhī -- , laúha -- ; lōhakāra -- , *lōhaghaṭa -- , *lōhaśālā-- , *lōhahaṭṭika -- , *lōhōpaskara -- ; vartalōha -- . Addenda: lōhá --: WPah.kṭg. (kc.) lóɔ ʻ iron ʼ, J. lohā m.,Garh. loho; Md. lō ʻ metal ʼ.†*lōhaphāla -- or†*lōhahala -- . (CDIAL 11158)lōhakāra m. ʻ iron -- worker ʼ, °rī -- f., °raka -- m. lex., lauhakāra -- m. Hit. [lōhá -- ,kāra -- 1] Pa. lōhakāra --m. ʻ coppersmith, ironsmith ʼ; Pk. lōhāra -- m. ʻ blacksmithʼ, S. luhā̆ru m., L. lohār m., °rī f.,awāṇ. luhār, P. WPah.khaś. bhal. luhār m.,Ku. lwār, N. B. lohār, Or. lohaḷa, Bi.Bhoj.Aw.lakh. lohār, H. lohār, luh° m.,G. lavār m., M. lohār m.; Si. lōvaru ʻcoppersmith ʼ. Addenda: lōhakāra-- : WPah.kṭg. (kc.) lhwāˋr m. ʻ blacksmith ʼ, lhwàri f.ʻ his wife ʼ, Garh. lwār m. (CDIAL 11159)

2. The lion signifies siṁhá m. ʻ lion ʼ, siṁhīˊ -- f. RV.Pa. sīha -- m. ʻ lion ʼ, sīhī -- f., Dhp. siha m., Pk. siṁha -- , siṁgha -- , sīha -- m., sīhī -- f.; Wg. sī ʻ tiger ʼ; K. sah, süh m. ʻ tiger, leopard ʼ; P. sī˜h, sihã̄ m. ʻ lion ʼ, bhaṭ. sīh ʻ leopard ʼ; WPah.khaś. sīˋ ʻ leopard ʼ, cur. jaun. sīh ʻ lion ʼ; Ku. syū̃, syū ʻ tiger ʼ; Mth. sī˜h ʻ lion ʼ, H. sī˜gh, sīh m., OG. sīha m.; -- Si. sī, siha ← Pa. -- L. śĩh, khet. śī ʻ tiger ʼ with ś -- from Pers. lw. śer ʻ tiger ʼ. -- Pa. sīhinī<-> f. ʻ lioness ʼ; K. sīmiñ f. ʻ tigress, leopard ʼ; P. sīhaṇī f. ʻ tigress ʼ; WPah.bhal. se_hiṇi f. ʻ leopard withcubs ʼ, jaun. sī˜haṇ ʻ tigress ʼ; H. sĩghnī f. ʻ lioness ʼ.Addenda: siṁhá -- : WPah.kṭg. sīˊ m. ʻ lion, leopard, brave man ʼ, sĩˊəṇ, sī˜ṇ (with high level tone) f. ʻ lioness ʼ (also sī˜ṇ Him.I 214 misprint with i?).(CDIAL 13384) Rebus: சிங்கச்சுவணம் ciṅka-c-cuvaṇam , n. prob. siṃhala + svarṇa. A kind of superior gold; ஒருவகை உயர்தரப் பொன். தீதுதீர் சிறப்பிற் சிங்கச் சுவணமென் றோசைபோகிய வொண்பொன் (பெருங். வத்தவ. 11, 23).

3. Bull-man anthropomorph: Six locks of hair: bhaṭa ‘six’ (G.); rebus: bhaṭa ‘furnace’ (Santali) PLUS Ku. ḍã̄go ʻ lean (e.g. of oxen) ʼ; N. ḍã̄go ʻ male (of animals) ʼ; N. ḍĩgo, ḍiṅo ʻ abusive word for a cow ʼ; L. (Shahpur) ḍhag̠g̠ā ʻ small weak ox ʼ, ḍhag̠g̠ī f. ʻ cow ʼ, S. ḍhiṅgaru m. ʻ lean emaciated beast ʼ.ḍagga -- 3 ʻ cattle ʼ. 2. †*ḍhagga -- 2. [Cf. *ḍaṅgara -- 1, *daṅgara -- ]1. WPah.kṭg. ḍɔggɔ m. ʻ a head of cattle ʼ, ḍɔgge m.pl. ʻ cattle ʼ, sat. (LSI ix 4, 667) ḍōgai ʻ cattle ʼ.2. S.kcch. ḍhago m. ʻ ox ʼ, L(Shahpur) ḍhaggā m. ʻ small weak ox ʼ, ḍhaggī f. ʻ cow ʼ, Garh. ḍhã̄gu ʻ old bull ʼ.(CDIAL 5524) *ḍaṅgara1 ʻ cattle ʼ. 2. *daṅgara -- . [Same as ḍaṅ- gara -- 2 s.v. *ḍagga -- 2 as a pejorative term for cattle]
1. K. ḍangur m. ʻ bullock ʼ, L. ḍaṅgur, (Ju.) ḍ̠ãgar m. ʻ horned cattle ʼ; P. ḍaṅgar m. ʻ cattle ʼ, Or. ḍaṅgara; Bi. ḍã̄gar ʻ old worn -- out beast, dead cattle ʼ, dhūr ḍã̄gar ʻ cattle in general ʼ; Bhoj. ḍāṅgar ʻ cattle ʼ; H. ḍã̄gar, ḍã̄grā m. ʻ horned cattle ʼ.2. H. dã̄gar m. = prec.(CDIAL 5526) Rebus: thakur, dhangar 'anthropomorph bull-man' N. ḍāṅro ʻ term of contempt for a blacksmith ʼ,Or. dhāṅgaṛ ʻ young servant, herdsman, name of a Santal tribe ʼ, dhāṅgaṛā ʻ unmarried youth ʼ, ˚ṛī ʻ unmarried girl ʼ, dhāṅgarā ʻ youth, man ʼ; H. dhaṅgar m. ʻ herdsman ʼ, dhã̄gaṛ, ˚ar m. ʻ a non -- Aryan tribe in the Vindhyas, digger of wells and tanks ʼ; M. dhã̄gaḍ ʻ rude, loutish ʼ, f. ʻ hoyden ʼ.(CDIAL 5524) ṭhakkura m. ʻ idol, deity (cf. ḍhakkārī -- ), ʼ lex., ʻ title ʼ Rājat. [Dis- cussion with lit. by W. Wüst RM 3, 13 ff. Prob. orig. a tribal name EWA i 459, which Wüst considers nonAryan borrowing of śākvará -- : very doubtful]Pk. ṭhakkura -- m. ʻ Rajput, chief man of a village ʼ; Kho. (Lor.) takur ʻ barber ʼ (= ṭ˚ ← Ind.?), Sh. ṭhăkŭr m.; K. ṭhôkur m. ʻ idol ʼ ( ← Ind.?); S. ṭhakuru m. ʻ fakir, term of address between fathers of a husband and wife ʼ; P. ṭhākar m. ʻ landholder ʼ, ludh. ṭhaukar m. ʻ lord ʼ; Ku. ṭhākur m. ʻ master, title of a Rajput ʼ; N. ṭhākur ʻ term of address from slave to master ʼ (f. ṭhakurāni), ṭhakuri ʻ a clan of Chetris ʼ (f. ṭhakurni); A. ṭhākur ʻ a Brahman ʼ, ṭhākurānī ʻ goddess ʼ; B. ṭhākurāni, ṭhākrān, ˚run ʻ honoured lady, goddess ʼ; Or. ṭhākura ʻ term of address to a Brahman, god, idol ʼ, ṭhākurāṇī ʻ goddess ʼ; Bi. ṭhākur ʻ barber ʼ; Mth. ṭhākur ʻ blacksmith ʼ; Bhoj. Aw.lakh. ṭhākur ʻ lord, master ʼ; H. ṭhākur m. ʻ master, landlord, god, idol ʼ, ṭhākurāin, ṭhā̆kurānī f. ʻ mistress, goddess ʼ; G. ṭhākor, ˚kar m. ʻ member of a clan of Rajputs ʼ, ṭhakrāṇī f. ʻ his wife ʼ, ṭhākor ʻ god, idol ʼ; M. ṭhākur m. ʻ jungle tribe in North Konkan, family priest, god, idol ʼ; Si. mald. "tacourou" ʻ title added to names of noblemen ʼ (HJ 915) prob. ← Ind.Addenda: ṭhakkura -- : Garh. ṭhākur ʻ master ʼ; A. ṭhākur also ʻ idol ʼ (CDIAL 5488)

4. -- Anzu (Sumerian), Simorg (Persian), Śyena (R̥gveda),'falcon, thunderbolt' associated with metalwork-- aśan, ahan 'falcon' rebus: ahan 'iron' P آهن āhan, s.m. (9th) Iron. Sing. and Pl. آهن ګر āhan gar, s.m. (5th) A smith, a blacksmith (Pashto)

5.Wings (e.g., winged lion): kambha 'wing' rebus: kammaṭa'mint, coiner, coinage'.

A18065: shell, Early Dynastic period (2600–2300 BCE); bull-like men are restraining two lions, who are attacking a goat... and between these bullmen are birds of prey! (Oriental Institute, Chicago)

Bull-man wrestling with a lion. Terracotta relief, first half of the 2nd millennium BCE.
Height: 10.2 cm (4 in); Width: 7.2 cm (2.8 in); Depth: 1.3 cm (0.5 in) Louvre Museum AO 12449

Date de création/fabrication : Isin-Larsa (?) (1e moitié IIe mill (?)) et 1ère dynastie de Babylone (?) (-2004 - -1763 et -1894 - -1595) Lieu de découverte : Eshnunna = Tell Asmar (?)
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fight_between_lion_and_man-bull-AO_12449-IMG_0646-black.jpg

(From a cylinder-seal in theBritish Museum, No. 89,308.)
Dimensions: 2315 x 1079 px | 39.2 x 18.3 cm | 15.4 x 7.2 inches |.