Agricultural Biotechnology Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025, АГРОЗНАЊЕ

The individual aril characteristics of eight autochthonous pomegranate varieties (Lifanka, Bejnarija, Karamustafa, Ropkavac, Valandovska, LC, Zumnarija and Hicaz) from R. Macedonia were investigated using computer vision software methods. The great differences in the dimension of aril at the varieties were determined. The variety Lifanka is characterized with the greatest length (12.6 mm), width (9.5 mm) and mass (0.5 g) of the aril. Cross section aril area (61.1 mm2) and perimeter (31.6 mm) indicate that the variety ‘Hicaz’ is characterized with the smallest aril. Investigation of the aril shape showed different level of asymmetry depending on the variety. Generally, the variety Hicaz is characterized with the most asymmetrical aril. Based on CIELab system of coloration, great differences in the aril colour were noted among the investigated pomegranate varieties. The variety Hicaz had the darkest coloration (L* 19.3; a* 13.1; b* 5.3). High correlation dependence between coloration ...

2025

Objective: Southeast Asia's agricultural diversity is shaped by its varied agro-climatic conditions, including diverse farming practices, rainfall patterns, and soil types. India, in particular, is home to a wide range of Abelmoschus species, which are found in cultivated, semi-wild, and wild varieties. Methods: In this study, four species of the Abelmoschus genus were identified and documented: A. moschatus L., A. manihot L., A. esculentus L., and A. ficulneus L. Data was collected from 280 tribal individuals within the study area. Results: The present study aims to explore the traditional knowledge and utilization of wild and cultivated Abelmoschus fruit vegetables by indigenous communities in the deep tribal pockets of Jiwati Tehsil, Chandrapur district (Maharashtra). Among four species of the Abelmoschus genus, A. esculentus L. (FI-87%) is widely cultivated, while A. manihot L. (FI-59%) and A. moschatus L. (FI-47%) is predominantly wild, with occasional cultivation. In contrast, A. ficulneus L. (FI-48%) remains strictly wild. Fruits from these species are commonly incorporated into vegetable-based meals, serving as a significant dietary component. Conclusion: These fruit vegetables are known for their ethnomedical and pharmacological benefits, including their use in controlling blood sugar levels and improving digestion. Documenting these practices can provide valuable insights into sustainable food sources, medicinal plant conservation, and potential applications in modern healthcare.

2025, International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences

To standardize the best concentration and duration of osmopriming of aged seed of chickpea variety, NBeG-3 with Polyethylene Glycol, an experiment was conducted in Factorial Completely Randomized Design with four replications. The seed was subjected to osmopriming with different concentrations of PEG 6000 viz., 0, -0.5, -1.0, -1.5 and -2.0 MPa for various durations viz., 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 hours. The seed quality was assessed by testing for germination in between paper method and sand method. In both the methods of testing, concentration of PEG, duration of osmopriming and their interaction exhibited highly significant effect on germination, seedling length and seedling vigor index. Among all the concentrations used, seed primed with -0.5 MPa PEG recorded highest germination, root length, shoot length, seedling length, root / shoot ratio and seedling vigor index. Among the various durations, osmopriming for 6 hours showed highest improvement in seed quality. The interaction effect of seed priming with -0.5 MPa PEG for 6 hours also showed highest improvement in seed quality attributes.

2025, Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

The Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) of genetically modified (GM) crops in Argentina is carried out by the National Advisory Commission on Agricultural Biotechnology (CONABIA) and the Innovation and Biotechnology Coordination (CIyB). Both have a large experience with this assessment, since 1991, when CONABIA was created. The continuous support to biotechnology as a state policy and as part of the decision to encourage developers in the regulatory process has helped make progress in the revision of the regulations. The experience gained during the last 30 years and the worldwide scientific advances supported the bases to update the regulatory framework. Focusing on the biosafety strengthening and the improvement of the applicant’s experience in the GM crops evaluation process, during 2020 and 2021, the ERA went through a reviewing process. Some important modifications were made, such as (i) the assessment of stacked GM crops with focus on the possible interactions between transgen...

2025, Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego

2025, Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences

2025, Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between chemical composition of traditional dry-cured loin produced in Poland and their objective sensory characteristic and to establish which pig breed is more suitable for the production of high quality dry-cured loin. Material varied depending on marbling, juiciness, tenderness, pH, colour parameters L* and a*, water, protein and calcium content. Dry-cured loins obtained from the meat of Zlotnicka White pigs had higher overall quality, were more juicy and tender with lower protein, salt and zinc content comparing to loins obtained from meat of commercial crossbreed pigs and is more suitable to produce high quality dry-cured loins.

2025, New Disease Reports

2025, Acta Agriculturae Serbica

The influence of extrusion as one of the most frequent thermal treatment in our country on total rapeseed glucosinolates and total phenols in rapeseed and mixtures of rapeseeds and agricultural products (corn, wheat, barley, triticale, alfalfa) was investigated in this work. Rapeseed and mixtures of rapeseed with agricultural products (rapeseed : agricultural product -30:70 and 50:50, corn : rapeseed : alfalfa -60:30:10 i 40:50:10, respectively) were extruded in an "Oprema-zootehnička oprema", type M2, model 1000 extruder at 125±1 °C. Based on the chemico-physical characteristics of obtained feeds, as well as the reduction of the content of total glucosinolates in range 10-15% and not evidented reduction of total phenols content in comparison with untreated products, it can be concluded that dry extrusion can be a good choice for thermal treatment of rapeseed in combination with analysed agricultural products.

2025, Journal of Agriculture and Environment

Larvae of scarabaeid beetle Chiloloba acuta (Coleoptera: Cetoninae) was found high densities in Khulekhani VDC, Makawanpur district. These insects are major pest of flower. The efficacy of two species of entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema siamkayai (CD1) and S. abbasi (CS1) was tested against third instar of Chiloloba acuta. In a dose response experiments, 0, 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 infective juveniles (IJs) were inoculated in 50 ml plastic vial containing 40g silt loam soil (45.3% sand, 33.5% silt, 12.2% clay 4.913 organic matter and 5.5pH) and a single C. acuta larva. Mortality of C. acuta exposed to series of increase dose of two nematodes strains was analysed two days intervals upto 14th days after the inoculation by time dose mortality regression. Between these strains, S. abbasi found more effective (LD50 44.9IJs/ml) as compared to S. siamkayai (LD50 98.1IJ/ml) after 14th days. At initial days both strains had high LD50 value and it was gradually decreased with...

2025, Vietnam Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Erwinia is a genus of Enterobacteriacea containing mostly pathogens, which cause soft rot disease in many ornamental plants and crops, including Asparagus officinalis. Chemical treatments to control Erwinia have lost their attractiveness because of the development of resistant strains and the negative impacts on the environment and human health. Therefore, the study of biological controls of soft rot disease has gained great importance. There are several types of microorganisms that show activity against Erwinia spp. such as Pseudomonas fluorescence, Bacillus subtilis, and Streptomyces spp. Among them, Streptomyces spp. are found to be the most effective control agents. In this study, 64 isolates of Streptomyces were screened for their antibacterial activity against Erwinia spp. The results indicated that 18 isolates showed an antagonistic reaction against Erwinia spp. Among them, isolate D5.1 showed the highest inhibition activity. In addition, the morphological and antibacterial a...

2025, The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences

Classical swine fever is highly contagious viral disease of swine causing huge economic losses to pig farmersand pig industry. The study was conducted in Karnataka to understand the current scenario of CSF in the state andto evaluate efficiency of diagnostic tests (antigen ELISA and RT-PCR) in detecting the disease. Serum sampleswere collected from 270 pigs from 13 districts of the state and were tested for the presence of CSF antibodies.Whole blood samples (151) from 14 outbreaks of CSF were collected for the comparative diagnosis of the diseaseusing Antigen ELISA and reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR. A seroprevalence of 28.5% (77/270) was found in theserum samples collected form the whole Karnataka. The southern Karnataka had higher seroprevalence (47%) incomparison to northern Karnataka region where seroprevalence was 17%. It confirms endemicity of the disease insouthern region. Of 151 blood samples collected for comparative diagnosis, 61 samples were positive for CSF byRT-PCR and ...

2025, Agronomy

A plant tissue culture protocol from stevia was optimized for the production of planting materials and the natural sweetener, rebaudioside A. The highest survivability (88.90% ± 5.55) of explants was achieved at 15 and 30 days after culture initiation (DACI) on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media by sterilization with 30% Clorox (5 min) and 10% Clorox (10 min), respectively. Supplementation of MS with 0.50 mg/L 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.10 mg/L zeatin produced 50% callus at 15 DACI while 1.50 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.10 mg/L zeatin at 30 DACI increased callus production to 76.67%. The highest shoot proliferation per callus was achieved with 10.00 mg/L 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP) in MS at 15 DACI (5.80) and 30 DACI (12.33). The longest shoots of 4.31 cm and 6.04 cm at 15 and 30 DACI, respectively, were produced using BAP (10.00 mg/L) and 1.00 mg/L naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). MS media (0.50 strength) induced 2.86 and 6.20 roots per shoot and produced 3.25 cm and 7.82 cm long ...

2025, Scientific African

Signs of mycosis on mummified Spodoptera frugiperda cadavers were found in maize fields in the Ejura-Sekyedumase and Wa Municipalities in the Ashanti Region and Upper West Region of Ghana, respectively, during the 2019 to 2022 growing seasons. Two major signs were observed on two sets of cadavers that were collected. These were dense white powdery colony encapsulating cadavers, and green powdery growth engulfing cadavers. The causal fungi were confirmed as Beauveria bassiana from white cadaver mummies and Trichoderma ghanense from green cadaver mummies based on morphological and molecular characteristics. The two fungi were assessed for their lethal effect against 3rd instar larvae of S. frugiperda by artificial inoculation. The inoculation was performed with conidia suspension of 1 × 10 8 conidia/ml for each fungi. B. bassiana caused 55% larval mortality, which was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the 32.5% caused by T. ghanense. No larval mortality was recorded for the control. Artificially inoculated 3rd instar S. frugriperda larvae exhibited signs similar to those observed on infected larvae collected from the field. The respective pathogens were re-isolated and the morphology matched B. bassiana and T. ghanense, respectively. The findings indicate the potential of the two fungi as bio-control agents for management of S. frugiperda on maize. The obtained result could find application in the formulation of bio-pesticides for S. frugiperda management.

2025, Acta agriculturae Serbica

One of the major problems confronting agricultural production is heavy metal contamination of agricultural soils, which imposes considerable limitations on productivity and leads to great consumer health and safety concerns about the products obtained on these soils.The objective of this study was to evaluate heavy metal dynamics in the soil-leaf-fruit system in an intensive apple cv. 'Idared' planting located in the Municipality of Goražde. Heavy metal contents in the soil samples and plant material were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry using a Shimadzu 7000 AA device, according to the instructions specified in the ISO 11047 method. The dynamics of the heavy metals analysed, excepting zinc, in the soil-leaf-fruit system was characterised by relatively high total levels of heavy metals in the soil and a very low degree of their accumulation in the leaves and in particular the fruits. No fruit sample was found to have toxic levels of any of the heavy metals analysed. In terms of soil contamination, this suggests the suitability of the study location for safe apple fruit production.

2025, Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences

Contamination of agricultural crops by mycotoxins results in significant economic losses for grain producers and, when consumed, it can cause reduced growth and health in a wide range of animal species. Hundreds of mycotoxin producing molds exist, however each has a different frequency and pattern of occurrence, as well as differences in the severity of the diseases (mycotoxicoses) they cause. Among the mycotoxins considered to be major contaminates are aflatoxin, deoxynivalenol, fumonisin, ochratoxin, and zearalenone. Although a multitude of species can be harmed by consumption of these mycotoxins, swine appear to be the most commonly affected commodity species. The swine industry can thus experience great losses due to the presence of mycotoxin contamination in feeds. Subsequently, recognition and prevention of mycotoxicoses is extremely important and dependent on adequate grain sampling and analysis methods pre-harvest, as well as effective strategies post-harvest to reduce consumption by animals. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the major mycotoxin contaminants in grains, to describe methods of analysis and prevention to reduce mycotoxicoses in swine and other animals, and finally to discuss how mycotoxins directly affect swine production.

2025, Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Science

Genetic diversity within and among 50 populations of confectionery sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) collected from different geographical areas of Iran was evaluated by using microsatellite and retrotransposon markers. The number of alleles (Na) in SSR loci ranged from 2 to 3 with an average of 2.1. The polymorphic bands in retrotransposon markers ranged from 7 in locus CR-UR1 to 15 in locus CR-816 with a mean value of 11.33. Herarchical clustering of individuals (50 × 5 = 250) by neighbor joining method in DARwin5 software subdivided them into three groups. Using Bayesian method in the software pakage of Structure, the studied individuals were subdivided into two sub-populations. Principal coordinate analysis revelaed that the two first components explaine 7.86 and 6.16% of the total variance, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance revealed a higher level of genetic variation within (70%) than between (30%) populations. High molecular variation among individuals within population possibly is due to high allogamy nature of the sunflower plant. Low genetic variation observed between populations could be considered as a consequence of genetic equilibrium that has occurred over the long period of cultivation of confectionery sunflower in this area as well as seed exchange among regions. The traditional assumption that selecting genotypes of different geographical origin will maximize the diversity available to a breeding project does not hold in confectionery sunflower.

2025

Ackee canners often harvest mature fruits that are placed on sun racks to complete ripening (indicated by podopening). It is unknown whether the nutrient compos ition of rack-ripened fruits differs from those com pletely ripened on trees. This study compares proximate, mineral and f atty acid composition of raw, mature arils of treeripened and rackripened fruits. Proximate and mineral compositions were determined, using standard methods, for compos ite samples of tree-ripened fruits collected from eleven different trees, and for ackees allowed to rack-ripen in the sun over three days. Fatty acid profiles were established by GC-MS analy sis of the trans-methylated ackee oils. It was foun d that rack-ripened ackees had a higher percentage crude fat and crude protein, but lower moisture levels than the tree-ri pened ackees (p < 0.05). Mineral contents were similar. Higher quanti ties of oleic acid and linoleic acid (p < 0.05) wer e found in the oils of tree-ripened fruits, while ...

2025, The West Indian medical journal

To re-investigate the composition of ackee oil and unequivocally determine its principal fatty acid components. Oil was extracted from the edible portion of ackees harvested in three different studies (I-III) by several analysts; studies I and II utilized composite samples from several trees while study III consisted of ackees from seven separate trees. The oils were either saponified and methylated or trans-methylated and the fatty acid methyl ester content analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Relative fatty acid composition was quantified based on chromatographic peak areas while fatty acids were identified by mass spectrometry. The degree of unsaturation of the ackee oils was characterized by determination of the iodine value. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry data from the three studies were assessed. Relative fatty acid composition for the ackee oils was consistent across the three studies. The major fatty acid components were oleic acid (55.44%), palmit...

2025, Genome

Grain size and grain number constitute 2 important components of grain yield. In particular, the grain size also influences the end-use quality (e.g., flour yield and protein content) and attracts consumer preference. These 2 traits are also the components of the domestication syndrome of crop plants. A number of important studies have recently been conducted to understand the genetic and molecular basis of these 2 important yield-contributing traits. Information generated from these studies was collected and synthesized for the benefit of plant biologists, particularly plant breeders. In the present article, this information is briefly reviewed and the prospects of using this information for improvement of grain productivity in crop plants are discussed.Key words: grain size, grain number, grain productivity, genetics, domestication.

2025, Flavour and Fragrance Journal

ABSTRACTFruits of wildly growing and naturally ripened musk strawberries (Fragaria moschata) from two highland sites were studied during two seasons. The fruits were characterized on site by two flavourists and a full profile of the volatile compounds was extracted immediately after collection using solid phase extraction and analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) and gas chromatography–olfactometry (GC‐O). The aroma of whole fruits was characterized with dynamic headspace coupled to GC‐MS. Single fruits evaluated on site were characterized by green, spicy, seedy and sweet exotic notes, while the fruit bunches showed a complex tropical smell. More than 100 distinctive volatile compounds were detected by GC‐MS. Some of them are reported for the first time in the Fragaria species, most notably the abundant coniferyl alcohol. GC‐O revealed that mesifuran, eugenol, methyl butyrate, furaneol and 3‐mercaptohexyl acetate were the key components of the highland musk strawb...

2025

The study's goal was to evaluate almond cultivars' vegetative growth performance and adaptability under Holetta conditions. The trial was carried out at the Holetta Agricultural Research Center with four almond varieties arranged in RCBD and three times replicated. Ferraduel had the highest tree height of 129.58 cm in the first growing season of 2011, followed by Desmayo (108.75 cm), Ferragnes (96.17 cm), and Marcona (95.56 cm). The Ferraduel variety has the highest recorded height except in 2014 and 2015. Annual growth differed significantly between years, with 2015 recording the most (42.7 cm) and 2013 following closely after (32.8 cm). The crosssectional area of a tree trunk increased in general as the growth season progressed. In 2011, Marcona had the lowest TCSA (2.04 cm 2), whereas Ferragnes (86.58 cm 2) had a much lower TCSA in 2016. The exponential canopy stretch was somewhat limited from 2012 to 2013. The growing season 2016 has the most main branches, followed by the growing season 2013, with the values of 3.44 and 3.14, respectively. While the 2014 growing season had the fewest major branches, followed by the 2015 growing season with values of 2.19 and 2.58, respectively. Across all growing seasons, the Desmayo variety exhibited the highest branching height. With increasing tree height, TCSA and canopy stretch grow linearly. It also shows non-linear positive correlations of 0.43 and 0.35 with yearly growth rate and branching height, respectively.

2025, Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution

Nine genic SSR loci were used to evaluate the genetic diversity and identify accessions in wild Italian Humulus lupulus L., in comparison with widely cultivated European and U.S. commercial cultivars. A collection of 80 wild hop samples from Italy and 43 hop cultivars from Europe and U.S., were characterized. Allelic frequency analysis revealed 65 distinct Italian genotypes and differentiated all the commercial cultivars; moreover, specific alleles were observed for wild and cultivated hops. The number of alleles identified in the wild population were 104 and 123 within all the accessions. The maximum polymorphic information content was evidenced for locus HlGA23 in the Italian wild population and in the whole set of accessions (0.905 and 0.902 respectively). The dendrogram constructed from Euclidean distance with the UPGMA method showed two main clusters, one including commercial American and European accessions and one mostly composed by wild Italian accessions. Model-based clustering (Bayesian method) placed the accessions into five germplasm groups, one of which was characterized by Italian genotypes only. The study showed for the first time the great biodiversity present in Italy, and the remarkable differences with European and American hops. It was also found that within the population of north-central Italy a large genetic variability is present, suited to be studied and exploited; this genetic wealth could be used in future breeding programs in order to develop new hop varieties carrying characteristics useful for brewers.

2025, Applied sciences

Background: Northern Italy has an enormous heritage of hop biodiversity that need to be exploited and studied. The preservation and valorization through the characterization of the existent biodiversity is a primary goal of the European Green Deal 2023-2030. The aim of this study was to acquire information on the biodiversity of Italian wild hops. Methods: Genetic characterization of sixty accessions was done resorting to Single Sequence Repeated (SSR) markers. Phytochemical characterization of wild hops was achieved using: (i) high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection for bitter acids quantification, (ii) steam distillation for essential oils quantification and (iii) Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for the determination of the aromatic profile. Results: The eight SSR primers showed high Polymorphic Information Content (PIC), especially HlGA23. α-Acids reached values between 0 and 4.125. The essential oils analysis highlighted variability within the studied population, with some accessions characterized by important spicy fraction, and others by fruity and floral notes. Conclusions: The present study allowed the characterization of Italian wild hops and demonstrated an interesting biodiversity. Part of this biodiversity have been shown to be potentially suitable for use in brewing. Moreover, several genotypes could be used in breeding programs to obtain new more sustainable varieties.

2025, Applied Sciences

2025, Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution

2025, Romanian Biotechnological Letters

Field study tested weed control efficacy, crop yield and economic return using various weed management strategies in sunflower growing with different population density. Treatments included four rates of PRE emergence application of S-metolachlor + fluchloridon and one POST emergence application of flumioxazin + quizalofop-pethyl. PRE-em application (1.4 + 2.4 and 1.2 + 2.0) provided at the higher crop densities (70 000) best weed control. However, PRE- em treatments with lower doses (0.8 + 1.6 and 1.0 + 1.8) and POST- em application did not maintain acceptable control of dominant weeds. Grain yield increased with the crop density, but did not statistically differ between applied herbicide treatments. Finally, the implication of this study demonstrated that sole application of tested herbicide treatments at higher crop sowing density (60 000 and 70 000) was found to be economically the best alternative strategy for reducing weed infestation and achieving a better yield.

2025

Description Analysis of complex plant root system architectures (RSA) using the output files created by Data Analysis of Root Tracings (DART), an open-access software dedicated to the study of plant root architecture and development across time series (Le Bot et al ( ) DART: a software to analyse root system architecture and development from captured images, Plant and Soil,

2025, Australian Journal of Botany

Genetically controlled asynchrony in anthesis is an effective barrier to gene flow between planted and native forests. We investigated the degree of genetically controlled variation in the timing of key floral developmental stages in a major plantation species in subtropical Australia, Corymbia citriodora subsp. variegata K.D. Hill and L.A.S Johnson, and its relative C. maculata K.D. Hill and L.A.S. Johnson. Flowering observations were made in a common garden planting at Bonalbo in northern New South Wales in spring on 1855 trees from eight regions over three consecutive years, and monthly on a subset of 208 trees for 12 months. Peak anthesis time was stable over years and observations from translocated trees tended to be congruent with the observations in native stands, suggesting strong genetic control of anthesis time. A cluster of early flowering provenances was identified from the north-east of the Great Dividing Range. The recognition of a distinct flowering race from this region accorded well with earlier evidence of adaptive differentiation of populations from this region and geographically-structured genetic groupings in C. citriodora subsp. variegata. The early flowering northern race was more fecund, probably associated with its disease tolerance and greater vigour. Bud abundance fluctuated extensively at the regional level across 3 years suggesting bud abundance was more environmentally labile than timing of anthesis. Overall the level of flowering in the planted stand (age 12 years) was low (8-12% of assessed trees with open flowers), and was far lower than in nearby native stands. Low levels of flowering and asynchrony in peak anthesis between flowering races of C. citriodora subsp. variegata may partially mitigate a high likelihood of gene flow where the northern race is planted in the south of the species range neighbouring native stands.

2025, Ecology and Evolution

Helosciadium repens (Jacq.) W.D.J. Koch is threatened by genetic erosion. It is a Crop Wild Relative (CWR) of celery and celeriac and a potentially valuable genetic resource for plant breeding. The objective of this study was the analysis of distribution of genetic diversity with a set of selected populations in Germany. The results of the genetic analysis and data obtained during the site visits were used to identify a subset which was chosen to best represent the genetic diversity of H. repens in Germany. The chance of long-term conservation by securing the identified populations in genetic reserves is distinctly possible. • Seven hundred and fifteen individuals from 27 sites were assessed using six simple sequence repeat markers. Discriminant analysis of principal components was used to identify six clusters of genetically similar individuals. The complementary compositional genetic differentiation Δj was calculated to designate a subset of populations chosen to best represent the overall genetic diversity. Entry 18R (Δ 18R = 0.2498) represented its pooled remainder the best, while entry 22R (Δ 22R = 0.4902) differed the most from its complement. • Based on the results of the genetic analysis and information regarding the current conservation status, 14 most appropriate wild populations for potential genetic reserve were identified. The used markers display a low level of genetic variation between the analyzed populations, and a split between Northern and Southern populations was observed. • CWR species are essential genetic resources for plant breeding and food security. However, 11.5% of the European CWRs are threatened. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to determine their genetic compositions. These insights will provide the fundamental basis for making crucial decisions concerning future conservation strategies for H. repens.

2025

The energy content of a feed can be described as gross energy (GE), digestible energy (DE), metabolisable energy (ME) or net energy (NE) for maintenance (NE m ), growth (NE g ) or lactation (NEj) . This paper describes straw in respect of... more

2025, TURKISH JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY

The genus Fritillaria (Liliaceae) is an important geophytic taxon with more than 100 species and wide distribution in different climatic zones ranging from southern Europe to the Middle East De Hertogh, 1993), including Turkey (Bryan, 2002). In Turkey, there are 35 species representing 48 taxa of Fritillaria, and it is ranked 4th after Allium, Iris, and Crocus. Most of the Fritillaria species in Turkey are endemic. The plants flower during spring and are widely accepted as ornamental plants due to their attractive flowers . Besides that, the Fritillaria species are used as medicinal plants in traditional Chinese medicine due to a wide array of alkaloids with interesting phytochemical properties. Persian lily (Fritillaria persica) is found mainly in Hatay, Mersin, and Adıyaman provinces of Turkey, as well as in Lebanon, Jordan, and Iran at 700 m to 2800 m above sea level. The bulbs are 3-5 cm in diameter with 2-3 succulent leaves. The plant has 10-25 leaves, which are approximately 15 cm long and 3 cm wide. It bears 7-20 purple bell-shaped flowers, growing in racemose position. The plant can grow up to 20-60 cm in height . Conventional plant production methods currently used for the Fritillaria species are seed or bulb propagation. These propagation techniques have certain disadvantages such as very low or unpredictable germination of seeds due to physiological dormancy (Baskin and Baskin, 2004), with weak seedlings, low survival rate, and slow growth, which may take 3-4 years for bulblet maturation . Apart from this, a limited availability of bulblets from nature (Subotić et al., 2010) also makes it difficult to get sufficient material to propagate these ornamental species. These limitations suggest the need to develop alternative propagation methods for commercial production of these valuable species. A number of regeneration protocols have been reported for different Fritillaria species by

2025, Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology

We present the first inventory of the segetal flora of Italian winter cereal crops and allied crop types. The database consists of over 30,000 records, derived from different sources. We provide information and analyses on life forms, chorotypes, Ellenberg indicator values, and preferential habitats of the flora. The inventory includes 987 vascular taxa and nothotaxa (868 species, 118 subspecies, and 1 nothosubspecies), belonging to 354 genera and 55 families. Characteristic segetal species are 128, while 740 are generalist or accidental species from other habitats. Species exclusive of segetal habitats are 47. One species is extinct and one is not confirmed in Italy. We recorded 42 neophytes, 15 archaeophytes and 10 cryptogenic species. Segetal species that are threatened in Europe are 45. Species in the Italian Red List are four And five are threatened endemic species. The most frequent species are Papaver rhoeas (1,045 records), Convolvulus arvensis (623), and Ranunculus arvensis (571). Most species are therophytes (64%) and have a Mediterranean (36%), wide (14%), or eastern (13%) distribution range. Mean Ellenberg indicator values revealed relevant ecological affinities between the inventoried flora and cultivated winter cereals. Our work represents the basis for future applied studies in botany, ecology, and agronomy.

2025

a todos los entrevistados y entrevistadas. Parte de esta investigación fue realizada junto a Aurelio Kopainig, en el marco del proyecto en proceso Notas sobre la avalancha del oro verde.

2025, Zemdirbyste-Agriculture

Fusarium culmorum (W.G. Smith) is one of the fungal soil-borne plant pathogens causing significant yield and quality losses in cereals. Chemical attempts are not only insufficient for controlling such pathogens, but also they bring hazardous effects on the environment and living organisms. Therefore, environment-friendly plantbeneficial microorganisms including bacteria would replace chemical control agents as promising and sustainable pest management. Numerous studies showed that some strains of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria comprising the enzyme ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate)-deaminase could promote the plant growth acting as a biological control agent by lowering the level of excessive ethylene in plants exposed to biotic and abiotic stresses. This study was aimed to evaluate the rhizobacterial isolates obtained from rhizosphere of cereal plants in Konya and Karaman provinces in Turkey for potency of enzyme ACC-deaminase activity and in vitro/in vivo suppression ability on F. culmorum. In total 31 out of 463 rhizobacterial isolates successfully suppressed in vitro growth of F. culmorum on potato dextrose agar following dual-culture technique. Afterwards, the successful isolates were examined for ACC-deaminase activity using ACC as the sole nitrogen (N) source. Two isolates coded as Gu2 and 127b with the highest enzyme ACC-deaminase activity were included in pot trials under controlled conditions for assessing in vivo pathogen suppression ability on wheat seedlings. The in vivo pathogen suppression efficiency of Gu2 and 127b isolates was determined as 81.25% and 37.50%, respectively. It was determined that both rhizobacterial isolates belonged to Bacillus spp. with high reliable score based on MALDI Biotyper System classification results.

2025, Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology

Creating models that mimics the major neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's is of great concern in the developing world. In order to study the lesions created in the brain by the Parkinson's disease and for the screening of many drug molecules, there is a need of effective models and effective agents to create such models. In the present study, the Ribosome inactivating protein of Saponaria officinalis, Saporin 6 is used which shows immunolesioning property. In this paper an in-silico approach is described for the search of the closely related RIP for saporin 6 and to study their similarities and differences. Also a method is developed for the simultaneous superimposition of protein molecules and for the calculation of the RMSD values in order to obtain most similar structure of the phytoprotiens showing immunolesioning property. Consequently, we obtained Dianthin 30 a phytoprotein, which shows very similar structural and physico-chemical properties with Saporin 6, although showing differential catalytic activity. By functional characterization, we also have investigated the contribution of amino acid changes in the active sites of the proteins leading towards their differential catalytic activity.

2025, Tree Genetics & Genomes

Increasing yield, quality, and disease resistance are important objectives for cacao breeding programs. Yield reduction in material improved for other traits is one of the main constraints caused by self-incompatibility (SI). Genes regulating SI in cacao have not been identified; therefore, knowledge of the location of genetic markers for and the effects of alleles determining SI will be useful for selecting uniformly self-compatible cultivars with higher yields. In a mapping population originating from a cross between a self-incompatible clone, Pound-7, and a self-compatible clone, UF-273, we observed important differences in flower retention at 15, 21, and 28 days after pollination. Our results suggest that the best time to measure flower retention is 15 days after pollination or later and that selecting self-compatibility (SC) thresholds is genotype specific. Using marker-trait association analysis we identified one marker, mTcCIR222, strongly associated with SC, as well as three surrounding markers (mTcCIR168, mTcCIR115 and mTcCIR158), all located near the proximal end of linkage group 4. These markers are currently being tested in our marker-assisted selection program.

2025, Tropical Pest Management

Since 1974 about 30,000 ha of Eucalyptus plantations located in the Rio Dôce Valley in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil have been affected by the 'Mal do Rio Dôcs', a disease of unknown etiology. Studies have eliminated root infection as a possible cause and currently air pollution and unfavourable water and soil conditions are considered as more likely causes, although no definite conclusions have been reached. Field tests in a highly affected area revealed that some provenances of Eucalyptus urophylla

2025, Tekirdag Namik Kemal University Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences

Maize cropping technology during the last decades was improved and breeders created many high-yielding maize hybrid varieties. There has not been the same level of success with improving maize grain quality, especially crude protein content. This work aimed to study promising hybrid varieties and inbred lines of maize with high grain crude protein content for involvement in the breeding process. Four commercial hybrid varieties, FAO 300 to FAO 600, four new experimental hybrids and six inbred lines of maize were tested for crude protein content in grain, crude protein yield and grain yield. Kneja 435 from the commercial hybrid varieties was found to have a relatively high grain yield and the highest crude protein yield. It is very suitable for the production of animal feed. №12 (CM 5625 x ХМ 88/113 о2) from the experimental hybrids is considered promising due to the high protein content and adequate grain yield. It is recommended to be used for high crude protein selection. B 311 and CM 5625 maize inbred lines had high grain crude protein content and, along with the established line HM 532 BC, can be used in the selection for the creation of high-protein maize hybrids. These findings are a contribution to the breeding process of maize.

2025, Genetics and molecular research : GMR

Calamus palustris Griff. is an economically important dioecious rattan species in Southeast Asia. However, dioecy and onset of flowering at 3-4 years old render uncertainties in desired female:male seedling ratios to establish a productive seed orchard for this rattan species. We constructed a subtractive library for male floral tissue to understand the genetic mechanism for gender determination in C. palustris. The subtractive library produced 1536 clones with 1419 clones of high quality. Reverse Northern screening showed 313 clones with differential expression, and sequence analyses clustered them into 205 unigenes, including 32 contigs and 173 singletons. The subtractive library was further validated with reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Homology identification classified the unigenes into 12 putative functional proteins with 83% unigenes showing significant match to proteins in databases. Functional annotations of these unigenes revealed gen...

2025, Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering

This study aimed to improve the yield of cyclodextrins (CDs) production in repetitive batches. An innovative ultrafiltration system was used to remove the inhibitory products that accumulated in the medium and to recover the enzyme. The assays were performed with the CGTase from Bacillus firmus strain 37 in purified, semipurified, and crude extract forms. Maltodextrin (10 % w/v) and corn starch (5 % w/v) were used as substrates. After eight repetitive 24-h batches, the yield of b-CD obtained with the purified enzyme and the corn starch substrate was 0.54 mmol/L/h, which was 36 % greater than that observed with the 10 % maltodextrin substrate. The crude CGTase extract with the corn starch substrate showed a productivity of 0.38 mmol/L/h, which was 29 % lower than using the purified enzyme and the corn starch substrate but 7 % higher than using the purified enzyme and the maltodextrin substrate. The crude extract, assayed with the corn starch substrate in the presence of 10 % ethanol reached 0.43 mmol/L/h productivity, which was 12 % higher compared to the assay without ethanol. The semi-purified enzyme was assayed with the corn starch substrate in the presence of 10 % ethanol for eight batches lasting 12 h and an excellent selectivity for the b-CD was obtained, reaching a mean percentage of 96.0 %. Therefore, this ultrafiltration system enabled several batches of CD production, with efficient removal of products inhibitory to the CGTase and recovery of the enzyme. The possibility of industrial application of this system is promising.

2025, Data in brief

We present raw sequence reads and genome assemblies derived from 17 accessions of the Ethiopian orphan crop plant enset ( (Welw.) Cheesman) using the Illumina HiSeq and MiSeq platforms. Also presented is a catalogue of single-nucleotide polymorphisms inferred from the sequence data at an average density of approximately one per kilobase of genomic DNA.

2025, Academia Environmental Sciences and Sustainability

Climate change has impacted Nepal’s agricultural sector in various ways. This has resulted a change in the patterns of rainfall and temperature, and an increase in the occurrence of extreme weather events. Due to this, the growth and productivity of many crops has been challenged. In this context, this study uses time series data to assess the impacts of climatic variables on crop yield. The analysis was carried out in 4 districts of the Marsyangdi River Basin. A Mann–Kendall test and a Sen’s slope test were used to analyze the annual and seasonal temperature and rainfall variation, while a compound annual growth analysis was performed for the yield variation of different crops. Multivariable linear regression was used to analyze the effects of climatic variables on the yield of crops. The results revealed that there was an increasing trend in temperature and the yield of crops, with a decreasing trend in rainfall. The growth of maximum temperature during the winter crops’ growing season was the highest while there was variation in the case of the summer season (April/May–Sept/Oct). There was wide variation in the yield of cereal crops in the districts, varying by 12–35%. The annual compound growth in yield remained at 1.5 to 2% for paddy, 1.5 to 2.6% for maize, 1.2 to 1.8% for wheat, and −0.2 to 1.2% for millets. In addition, there was a differential impact of rainfall and minimum temperature for all crop seasons and throughout the year. The results imply that the increasing trend of maximum temperature, in general, has benefited summer crops such as paddy and maize. As there were differences in impacts, any adaptation strategies planned and implemented should be tailor-made, considering growing seasons, altitudes, and the types of crops.

2025

Volume 3 Number 1 (2014) pp. 740-744 K e y w o r d s Ischemic brain damage; acute ruminal acidosis; lambs. Lactic acidosis is a physiological condition characterized by low pH in body tissues and blood (acidosis) accompanied by the buildup of lactate, especially D-lactate, and is considered a distinct form of metabolic acidosis. The current study was conducted to evaluate the histopathological changes in brain that occur due to increased levels of lactic acid after experimentally induced acute ruminal acidosis in lambs. Eight clinically healthy young lambs (6-8 months) (Awassi), with average weight of 30.2 ± 2.25 kg were selected for this study. These eight young lambs are equally subdivided into two groups: treated group (4) animals and control group (4) animals. Acute Ruminal acidosis was induced intraruminal intubation of 15g /kg BW sucrose via stomach tube. Prior to the infusion of sucrose (0 time), samples from rumen content were obtained to immediate determine normal pH values. Samples of rumen fluid were collected after 12 h of the infusion of sucrose. Clinical manifestation were notice on affected animals and then the histopathological biopsies were taken after 24 hours from three animals of treated group to study the morphological alterations that occur due to acute acidosis. The clinical signs that appears on animals immediately after induction of ruminal acidosis are depression, granting teeth, congestion of conjunctiva, some loss their appetite, while some others preferred roughage diet, salivation, urine retention, ataxia and difficult in gait(laminitis), and some of animals suffering from profuse pasty or watery diarrhea. Mean ruminal PH changed rapidly over the first 12 hours of ruminal lactic acidosis (4.31±0.41). The histopathological alteration in the brain of lambs were obvious subdural hematoma and perivascular and pericellular edema with perivascular cuffing of inflammatory cells as well as multifocal subdural hemorrhage and thrombi. This study revealed a different pathological changes in the brain of lambs with lactic acidosis.

2025, European Journal of Plant Pathology

In a pilot study, a biological control with hypovirus-infected Cryphonectria parasitica was applied in 3 study plots in Turkey, in June 2013. The aim of this study was to evaluate the success of the applied biological control by verifying the establishment of the released hypovirus (CHV-1) strains using molecular markers. C. parasitica isolates were sampled from cankers at 3 different time points: before the biological control treatments (April 2013), and 5 months (October 2013) and 11 months (May 2014) after the treatment. In total, 255 C. parasitica isolates were recovered and characterized. First, the culture morphology and vegetative compatibility type of these isolates were assessed. Next, the presence of hypoviruses in white isolates was checked by RNA extraction and subsequent RT-PCR. Finally, a sequence analysis was performed to compare the hypoviruses to the released biological control hypoviruses by examining single nucleotide markers and reconstructing their phylogenetic relationship. The study sites in İzmir and Kütahya were found to be free of hypoviruses prior to the biological control, whereas in Sinop, the occurrence of hypoviruses of the Italian subtype was observed. Reisolations of the treated cankers and subsequent molecular analysis resulted in the detection of the released biocontrol hypovirus strains in all 3 study sites. The reisolated hypoviruses in İzmir and Kütahya originated from either one of the released biocontrol strains. In Sinop, both natural and artificially introduced hypoviruses were detected. Our study showed that the released biological control hypoviruses persisted in the treated cankers, which is promising for the biological control of chestnut blight in Turkey.

2025, NYBIP

МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЯ ВІДВАЛА БУЛЬДОЗЕРА ПУЛЬСУЮЧИМИ РОЗПУШНИКАМИ ЗБІРНИК ТЕЗ ДОПОВІДЕЙ 78-Ї ВСЕУКРАЇНСЬКОЇ НАУКОВО-ПРАКТИЧНОЇ СТУДЕНТСЬКОЇ КОНФЕРЕНЦІЇ «НАУКОВІ ЗДОБУТКИ СТУДЕНТІВ У ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯХ ТЕХНІЧНИХ ТА БІОЕНЕРГЕТИЧНИХ СИСТЕМ... more

МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЯ ВІДВАЛА БУЛЬДОЗЕРА ПУЛЬСУЮЧИМИ РОЗПУШНИКАМИ
ЗБІРНИК ТЕЗ ДОПОВІДЕЙ 78-Ї ВСЕУКРАЇНСЬКОЇ НАУКОВО-ПРАКТИЧНОЇ СТУДЕНТСЬКОЇ КОНФЕРЕНЦІЇ «НАУКОВІ ЗДОБУТКИ СТУДЕНТІВ У ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯХ ТЕХНІЧНИХ ТА БІОЕНЕРГЕТИЧНИХ СИСТЕМ ПРИРОДОКОРИСТУВАННЯ: КОНСТРУЮВАННЯ ТА ДИЗАЙН»

2025, Journal of Oil Palm Research

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) belongs to the Arecaceae family and is the largest source of edible vegetable oil worldwide. Micropropagation of oil palm by somatic embryogenesis takes a long time from callus initiation to the production of plantlets. This research project aims to investigate the genes involved in somatic embryogenesis of oil palm during the tissue culture process. We applied the cDNA-AFLP technique to identify genes associated with somatic embryogenesis in oil palm during the tissue culture process. Sixty-four EcoRI/MseI AFLP primer combinations produced a total of 1449 transcription-derived fragments (TDF), of which 1193 TDF (82.33%) showed polymorphism. The most abundant up-regulated and down-regulated transcripts during somatic embryogenesis were selected for characterisation. Sixtyfive TDF were sequenced, and 34 distinct sequences were obtained. Primer pairs were successfully designed for 18 of these sequences. The differential expression of the 18 distinct ...