Air Pollution Control Research Papers (original) (raw)

There is no doubt that air pollution harms human health. Municipal areas are the most affected by the degradation of the air quality by discharging anthropogenic gases from transport and industrial activities. This research collected... more

There is no doubt that air pollution harms human health. Municipal areas are the most affected by the degradation of the air quality by discharging anthropogenic gases from transport and industrial activities. This research collected remote sensing data from numerous satellite sensors to efficiently monitor the air quality in near-real-time. This paper deliberates the developed software based on the complex event processing calculating in streaming the air quality level in Morocco and Spain. Therefore, this computer program extracts only useful information rapidly from remote sensing big data helping decision-makers. This investigation takes up also a validation between the air quality measured by the ground station data of Andalucía and Madrid regions and the used satellite sensors data.

Transportation and land use are the two major sectors that contribute the most to the spread of environmental pollution. Transportation through accessbility affects land use while land use through the production and attraction of trip... more

Transportation and land use are the two major sectors that contribute the most to the spread of environmental pollution. Transportation through accessbility affects land use while land use through the production and attraction of trip affects transportation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the accessibility of 22 districts of Tehran metropolis, how the city develops and their impact on increasing air pollution. This is an applied research where the data and information used in this research were obtained from Tehran Municipality and Statistics Center of Iran and for their classification and analysis, depending on the need, SPSS, Arc GIS and Google Earth software have been used. The results of Pearson correlation show that about 24% of land uses in Tehran have a significant relationship, which indicates a high separation between types of land uses and ultimately the scattered growth of Tehran. By analyzing and calculating the accessbilities, it was found that 38% of the internal communications between the districts are at the level of good and very good accessbility, 32% have the average level of accessbility and 30% are at the level of poor and very poor. The average route factor of Tehran is estimated to be 1.52, which indicates that Tehran is classfied in the average level of accessbility. Another finding of this study is the effect of land uses and accessbility levels on increasing air pollution in Tehran which is important to urban planners and policy makers.

Development of artificial enzymes designed for industrial plants that could convert carbon dioxide into carbonates, with the ultimate aim of reducing CO2 emissions. Enzymes are biological catalysts that accelerate chemical reactions, such... more

Development of artificial enzymes designed for industrial plants that could convert carbon dioxide into carbonates, with the ultimate aim of reducing CO2 emissions. Enzymes are biological catalysts that accelerate chemical reactions, such as the conversion of gaseous carbon dioxide (CO2) into carbonates. Carbonates are the basic component of coral reefs, mollusc shells, geological platforms and kidney stones. Although naturally occurring enzymes would be ideal for converting human-generated CO2 emissions into carbonates, they are generally incapable of coping with the extreme conditions of industrial plants. Ernesto and colleagues are now developing artificial enzymes that can withstand the harsh environments of industrial plants while accelerating chemical reactions. His team ultimately aims to create a clean, cheap, practical and socially responsible solution for global warming by reducing CO2 emissions. "We believe that our novel artificial enzymes will be the first tailor-made enzymes for industrial plants to produce carbonates," says Dr Hernandez. So far, Dr Hernandez and his colleagues have built an artificial environment composed of chimney-like equipment, measuring 1.5 metres in height and 15 centimetres in diameter, that mimics the smoke released by power plants. Using the artificial environment, the researchers will ensure that their artificial enzymes can function properly under extreme conditions consisting of hot, corrosive, poisonous and sticky smoke as well as soot and other gases produced by power plants. The team is basing the development of its artificial enzyme on naturally occurring carbonic anhydrase (CA), which accelerates the conversion of CO2 into carbonates. Carbonic anhydrase is capable of turning CO2 molecules into carbonates at a rate of one million molecules per second. However, "the enzyme's CO2 conversion rate slows down dramatically under industrial conditions," Dr Hernandez points out. He and his colleagues are now engineering artificial enzymes based on natural CA, using directed evolution techniques. Their first step involves the creation of a library of diverse genes that encode for carbonic anhydrases. "This library includes sequences of unique forms of carbonic anhydrases recently found near deep-ocean chimneys (hydrothermal vents)," says Dr Hernandez. The team plans to modify and multiply the genes encoding for carbonic anhydrases using a molecular technique called random mutagenesis. The researchers will then place the mutated genes in the artificial environment to see which ones are most effective at converting carbon dioxide into carbonates. The best mutations will then be put through the modification and multiplication processes again. The researchers will repeat the whole process until they have isolated a mutated gene encoding for recombinant carbonic anhydrase that can convert CO2 into carbonates under industrial conditions. With the help of artificial enzymes, CO2-converted carbonates could be used in everything from baking soda and chalk to Portland cement and lime manufacturing.

In the paper, some results of the measurement of mercury emission from OP-430 boiler working in the Krakow Heat and Power Generating Plant are presented. The tests were carried out during combustion of various coals and changeable the... more

In the paper, some results of the measurement of mercury emission from OP-430 boiler working in the Krakow Heat and Power Generating Plant are presented. The tests were carried out during combustion of various coals and changeable the boiler efficiency. Apart from investigation of mercury emission to the atmosphere (in gaseous and solid phase), total mercury concentration in coal, bottom ash and dust collected in electrostatic precipitators were analysed as well. Thus emission amount could be verified by means of the approximate mercury balance performed for the coal combustion process.
English title: Mercury emission from coal combustion.

Save fuel by 30% or more and reduce carbon emissions

AKTU B.Tech Civil Engineering Lecture Notes

Một số công cụ quản lý môi trường không khí tại Việt Nam

Abstrak— Blast furnace direncanakan menggunakan alat pengendalian pencemaran udara berupa wet scrubber. Wet scrubber sendiri adalah alat pengendalian pencemaran udara yang bekerja dengan prinsip mengkontakkan udara yang megandung... more

Abstrak— Blast furnace direncanakan menggunakan alat pengendalian pencemaran udara berupa wet scrubber. Wet scrubber sendiri adalah alat pengendalian pencemaran udara yang bekerja dengan prinsip mengkontakkan udara yang megandung partikulat halus dengan tetesan cairan. Wet Scrubber adalah salah satu alat yang disarankan untuk mengolah emisi industri metalurgi. Wet Scrubber menggunakan gaya inersia partikulat dan droplet untuk mentransfer partikulat dari aliran gas ke liquid. Mekanisme pengumpulan dari Wet Scrubber adalah inertial impaction dan interception.Wet Scrubber yang digunakan untuk perencanaan ini adalah venturi scrubber yang mempunyai nilai efisiensi untuk mengeliminasi partikulat sampai dengan 99%. Material lolos untuk ukuran partikel di bawah 5 µm adalah sebesar 0,122. Dengan pressure drop sebesar 10,406 inci kolom air, partikulat yang disingkirkan sebesar 87,8%.

The use of portable sensors to measure air quality is a promising approach for the management of urban air quality given its potential to improve public participation in environmental issues and to promote healthy behaviors. However, not... more

The use of portable sensors to measure air quality is a promising approach for the management of urban air quality given its potential to improve public participation in environmental issues and to promote healthy behaviors. However, not all the projects that use air quality mobile sensors consider the potential effects of their use on the attitudes and behaviors of non-expert individuals. This study explores the experiences , perceptions, attitudes, and behavioral intentions of 12 participants who used a real-time NO 2 sensor over a period of 7 days in the metropolitan area of Barcelona and compares them with 16 participants who did not have access to the device but rather to documentary information. The study design is based on recombined focus groups who met at the beginning and end of a 7-day activity. The results suggest that the experience with the sensors, in comparison with the traditional information , generates greater motivation among participants. Also, that the use of the sensor seems to support a more specific awareness of the problem of air pollution. In relation to risk perception, the textual and visual information seems to generate stronger beliefs of severity among participants. In both groups, beliefs of low con-trollability and self-efficacy are observed. Neither using the sensor nor reading the documentary information seems to contribute positively in this sense. The results of the study aim to contribute to the design of public involvement strategies in urban air pollution.

Dehradun city has seen rapid but unplanned growth after its designation as the new capital of the newly formed state of Uttaranchal. It is now subjected to an influx of a large population from all around the state. This has resulted in... more

Dehradun city has seen rapid but unplanned growth after its designation as the new capital of the newly formed state of Uttaranchal. It is now subjected to an influx of a large population from all around the state. This has resulted in increased vehicles and construction in the city. This study has been conducted to find the air quality of the city and its current status along with its impacts on the health of the people. The results of air monitoring have shown the city to be highly polluted as the readings for PM2.5 and PM10 is well beyond the permissible level prescribed by CPCB. The gaseous pollutants are well below the permissible level but are in an increasing trend throughout the years. Diseases related to respiratory system are more common in the city as at suspended particulate matters are more. The study has also tried to come up with some mitigation strategies to lower the emissions in the city.

This report is intended to provide a background review regarding the case study of energy conversion of municipal solid waste by basing on the Waste Statistic Data of 2015 report published by The Danish Environmental Protection Agency... more

This report is intended to provide a background review regarding the case study of energy conversion of municipal solid waste by basing on the Waste Statistic Data of 2015 report published by The Danish Environmental Protection Agency with using thermal conversion technologies.

Most developing and developed countries are facing the problems and challenges of air pollution. Many governments have enacted laws and policies to enforce industrial activities to reduce air contaminating emissions and are mainly carried... more

Most developing and developed countries are facing the problems and challenges of air pollution. Many governments have enacted laws and policies to enforce industrial activities to reduce air contaminating emissions and are mainly carried out by installation of air pollution control systems. Therefore, the use of suitable technique such as biofiltration processes to control air pollutants is necessary. Although many studies have been published on the designing and operations of polluted air treatment using biofiltration processes but a comprehensive review on it is still lacking. Till now due to conceptual designing and opera-tional knowledge, several cases of failure or sub-optimum designing has been reported about the use of biofiltration process to treat polluted air. This paper presents a comprehen-sive review of biofiltration processes and technology for the control of organic and inorganic pollutants as an ideal approach to remove pollutants from polluted air. It also covers classification, functional mechanism, designing, and its operational parameters to treat polluted air. Comprehensive literature review suggests that the use of bio-trickling filter processes to treat polluted air can help to create excellent design and optimum operation to generate pollution free environment. In conclusion, the paper outlines designing, function, and operation of biofiltration process.

Ambient air pollution causes millions of premature deaths globally every year. In the effort to combat air pollution, countries have legally formulated air quality standards (AQS) to divide ‘safe’ and ‘unsafe’ concentrations of a number... more

Ambient air pollution causes millions of premature deaths globally every year. In the effort to combat air pollution, countries have legally formulated air quality standards (AQS) to divide ‘safe’ and ‘unsafe’ concentrations of a number of pollutants. The WHO Air Quality Guidelines serve as their reference point for the four criteria pollutants PM2.5 and PM10, O_3, NO_2, and SO_2, backed by largescale studies on health repercussions at a variety of concentrations. The current legal policy study compares the limit values set out in the European Union, the United States, China, and India, with each other as well as with the latest update of the WHO Guidelines, including Interim Targets for a gradual alignment with the sustainable pollution limits. This study also elaborates on the role and measurement of such standards, and touches upon compliance, monitoring, and reporting in the respective economies. It turns out that although the four case polities developed their AQS in similar time periods and refer to the WHO Guidelines, they vary significantly from these as well as the Interim Target values in many cases. Still, all four polities report frequent, or even regular, exceedance and address this with compliance mechanisms as set out in domestic policy. This has led to a slow improvement in air quality, but monitoring, enforcement, and public information leave broad gaps, particularly in China and India.

Carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are the main pollutants from motor vehicle exhaust. CO that enters the human body will harm the health, while CO2 is a greenhouse gas that causes global warming and climate change, so it is... more

Carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are the main pollutants from motor vehicle exhaust. CO that enters the human body will harm the health, while CO2 is a greenhouse gas that causes global warming and climate change, so it is necessary to be controlled. The alternatives to reduce vehicle emissions is by using the adsorbent from fly ash. This study aims to analyze the ability of fly ash as an adsorbent exhaust CO and CO2 in motor vehicle seen from the influence of the mass, surface area, and the contact time fly ash and also calculate the reduction in exhaust emissions of CO and CO2 after adsorption by fly ash. The adsorbent of fly ash is done by activating fly ash using sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and then dried in an oven at a temperature of 200 o C. The mass and diameter of the adsorbent made as three variations, there is 100, 200, and 300 grams and 100, 200, and 300 mesh, while the variation of the contact time is done in the span of 0-20 minutes. Testing is done by inserting the adsorbent into the exhaust test that installed at the end of pipe motor vehicle and then run the emission tests with and without adsorbent. The results showed that the adsorbent with the maximum adsorption are diameter of 300 mesh and a mass of 300 grams. As for the maximum contact time of the adsorbent for 12 minutes for CO and CO2 remedy for 14 minutes. Reduction of emissions from the installation of adsorbent on motor vehicles reached 81.65% for CO and 63.82% for CO2. This study is not only knowing how to reduce exhaust gas in motor vehicles but also to minimize the fly ash that are harmful to the environment.

This report provides an overview of ambient air quality trends in Kolkata from 2002 to 2015 based on monitoring data collected by West Bengal Pollution Control Board regarding ambient air quality during this time period on Carbon... more

This report provides an overview of ambient air quality trends in Kolkata from 2002 to 2015 based on monitoring data collected by West Bengal Pollution Control Board regarding ambient air quality during this time period on Carbon Monoxide, Sulphur Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, Ozone. Particulate Matter – PM 10 & PM 2.5, Benzene, and heavy Metals like Lead & nickel. Time series air quality concentrations are presented as a set of indicators, which compare measured concentrations with air quality standards.

Wastewater treatment is one of the main challenges facing all countries of the world. As the population grows and more industries get established the more wastewater is produced. Fresh and clean water is always on increasing demand, yet... more

Wastewater treatment is one of the main challenges facing all countries of the world. As the population grows and more industries get established the more wastewater is produced. Fresh and clean water is always on increasing demand, yet the fresh water resources are very limited and could vanish if overused. Other water resources include seawater or recycling of previously used water, wastewater. However those processes are usually expensive, require lots of energy, and are sometimes inefficient. Wastewater is usually treated by an activated sludge process, which consists of filtering solid particles from water. The filtrate is then passed to an aerobic zone where bacteria would further purify water by dissolving organic material, oxidizing oxygen, and releasing nitrogen from nitrates. Our aim is to propose a method to treat wastewater and be able to decrease energy consumption by producing a potential energy during the treatment. This can be achieved by producing biogas from the resulted carbon dioxide and methane gases from the wastewater treatment. Biogas is a form of biofuel produced from the breakdown of organic matter by biological organisms. Microorganisms through anaerobic digestion, fermentation, break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen and produce methane and carbon dioxide which can be used to generate electricity and heat. The biogas produced consists primarily of 60% methane, 30% carbon dioxide, and 10% of mixed gases such as hydrogen and carbon monoxide. In addition, the burning of biogas produces energy and is considered as a renewable energy source since the production of waste will never end. [1] Wastewater contains organic matter that could be used to yield 10 times more energy than the energy that is required to treat that water. Biogas can also be produced from food waste as well and would yield more energy than from wastewater. In wastewater treatment plant sewage, water is treated by separating wastes into a liquid effluent and a sludge stream that contains solids and some liquids. The sludge stream is first treated before disposing it to reduce its bad odors and the bad pathogens and bacteria suspended by a process called digestion [2]. Digestion could take one of two forms: aerobic and anaerobic. Aerobic digestion consumes lots of energy, as it requires high intensity blowers and aerators to provide air or O2. Aerobic digestion is used due to the ease of aerobic processes. Anaerobic digestion could also take place-producing biogas in the process. The biogas produced from anaerobic digestion could be used as a fuel source for heating and electricity needed in the digester. The treated sludge can then be called bio-solids. Later those bio-solids are dewatered and then incinerated or they can be used as fertilizers without any further treatments [2]. Incineration is a costly disposal method therefore using bio-solids as fertilizers is better, or else to do bio-solid incineration with energy recovery.