Ancient Science Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025, Physis

This paper is devoted to the physiology of the first novatores, notably to that of Bernardino Telesio and his followers. The term novatores has been used since the seventeenth century to trace a narrative of ‘innovators’ in natural philosophy against the Aristotelian hegemony, and Telesio has been included in this narrative as the @rst and earliest. Consequently, its impact on modern philosophy has been examined from various perspectives, surprisingly leaving out physiology. In addition, Telesio’s notion of spiritus, which lies at the heart of his conception of living beings, has rarely been regarded as such, that is, as a biological concept meant to oppose Aristotle’s account of life. Therefore, I will first address Telesio’s critical engagement with Aristotle’s physiology and the reshaping of Aristotelian terminology that he brings forth. In particular, I will focus on the harsh criticism of the Aristotelian notion of the soul as form. Then, I will outline some further developments of Telesio’s physiology, especially among his main followers: Agostino Doni, Antonio Persio, and Tommaso Campanella.

2025, Ancient Science

Traditional knowledge (TK) is the intellectual creativity of indigenous peoples and local communities developed over generations through close observations of nature and experimentation. In essence it is the knowledge, know-how, skills and practices that have been developed, sustained and passed on from generation to generation within a community, and the people in the community are so deeply and completely imbedded in that milieu that it is forming their cultural and/or spiritual identity. It is so completely encompassing the lives of the people that it can be found in a wide variety of contexts, including: agricultural, scientific, technical, ecological and medicinal knowledge as well as biodiversity-related knowledge. TK of indigenous civilizations provides enormous benefits for life-style management, preventive health care systems and state-of-the-art technology for humanity as a whole. Unfortunately, legal systems have not recognized TK and not given due respect for its direct and indirect contributions to the development of modern science and technology so far. This paper unfolds various dimensions in which TK is sought to be protected under the modern legal and economic systems. It probes into the possibilities of TK being protected under intellectual property rights or alternative mechanisms yet to be created. This paper also analyses the provisions of Convention on Biological Diversity, Nagoya Protocol and the exclusive involvement of World Intellectual Property Rights Organization (WIPO) to protect genetic resources, TK and traditional cultural expressions.

2025, North Asian International Research Journal of Social Science & Humanities

Jyotish is one of the Vedanga that discusses weather sciences, astronomy, and astrology. Various seers wrote Samhita texts, though they were unavailable. Brihat Samhita is one of the texts related to Samhita Jyotish. The text discussed various matters, such as astronomy, geography, calendar, architecture, sculpture, medicine, meteorology, physiology, botany, zoology, state and other subjects. Weather science is one of the major concerns discussed in Brihat Samhita. As Varaha Mihira mentioned, Food is vital for the survival of living organisms, and its availability is closely tied to the monsoon season. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct a thorough investigation of food production and distribution. He gives detailed information on the pregnancy of clouds, wind cycles, precipitation, and other weather phenomena, as well as their observation and prediction formula. This paper examines the science of weather prediction, Astro meteorological practices and observation of signs on the earth or in the atmosphere mentioned in Brihat Samhita.

2025, The Word

Astrology, the oldest science, has fallen into disrepute due to the association with charlatans. However, ancient philosophy and theology support the idea of planetary Regents, or “star angels,” guiding celestial bodies and influencing... more

2025, The Origins of Astrology

Astrology as digenesis is opposite to astronomy originating in technical mathematical functions and physics of astral motions. Its primordial elements are the celestial bodies as objects of adoration with the attribution of devine effects. Space and earth, viewing sites and the azimuth, were regions with a known array of living forms or relevant topographical features under considered celestial patterns. There arose a planetary observation from wheelings and fixed projections and length conditions of shadows, thus there distinguished the moon, sun, bright stars and imprecisely the rest (Losev, 2010). The earliest records are chiefly star pattern catalogs of nilotic and logogram observables as classified lists of religious text. The rise of precession reopened fixed trees monitoring static further observational systems tasked with celestial phenomena. On this basis came the discovery of a fatherly solar nomos, for attempting reckoning body prospects and forecasting similar appearances needed projecting vector solutions of cases to happen. This called for the astronomy of spheres understanding the fixed and wandering stars motion of celestial bodies in interpretation distinctions of the earth format as oblate ellipsoid. Hence an adequate base for practical astrology explored the effects of these celestial phenomena on the earthly objects. A system made with solid solid instruments suggested concrete close stars sought in texts with divine as well as corporeal and characteristic closeness.

2025, Routledge eBooks

Egyptian medical texts on papyrus and ostraca have been preserved from the time of the Middle Kingdom (1940-1640 BCE) until the Graeco-Roman and Byzantine Period (332-641 CE). 1 The two hieratic papyri Ebers 2 and Smith 3 date to the New Kingdom (1550-1070 BCE), more precisely to the beginning of the New Kingdom (ca. 1550 BCE). The Papyrus Ebers, kept at the library of the University of Leipzig/Albertina, 4 is a compendium of diverse medical prescriptions and instructive texts -e.g. for skin, eye or inner ailments -containing in all almost 880 individual texts on its recto (1.1-110.9). Interestingly, on the back of the first column, there is a 13-line calendric note from the ninth regnal year of the king Amenhotep I. 5 The papyrus' length is approximately 18 m and its height is 30 cm. The repository of Papyrus Edwin Smith is in the New York Academy of Medicine. Its recto contains 48 texts concerning diverse injuries of different degrees of severity (1.1-17.19), which is why it is called 'Wundenbuch' in German (the literal English equivalent would be 'book of wounds', although the academy calls it the 'Surgical Papyrus'). 6 Its verso contains spells against epidemics (18.1-20.12) and some instructional texts and medical prescriptions (20.13-22.14). The length amounts to 4.7 m, the height to 32 cm.

2025

2025, Epicureismo antico e moderno

2025, Athenaeum

A new interesting book about old and new epigraphic and archeological evidences from Roman Gorthyna with new perspectives on the Roman administration in Crete in Late Antiquity.

2025, Epicureismo antico e moderno

2025, EPICUREISMO ANTICO E MODERNO

2025

L’Epicureismo è forse il caso più eclatante tra quelle filosofie antiche nei confronti delle quali è avvenuta se non una sistematica damnatio memoriae, per lo meno una deliberata sottovalutazione tanto dell’importanza quanto dell’influenza. Un esame perfino superficiale, tuttavia, mostra con palmare evidenza che la storia della filosofia non è riducibile alla fortuna di Platone, di Aristotele e del Cristianesimo. Parallela a essa esiste, infatti, una storia dell’Epicureismo che di quella storia attraversa, a volte in maniera più carsica, il lungo percorso e che determina snodi cruciali delle vicende della filosofia e della scienza.
Malgrado il quasi totale naufragio degli scritti di Epicuro, l’Epicureismo sopravvive a varie vicissitudini, fraintendimenti ed ostilità e riaffiora prepotentemente agli esordi della modernità influenzandone in maniera decisiva l’etica, la scienza naturale e anche la riflessione politica.
Questa raccolta di saggi originali, scritti da specialisti e da giovani studiosi, si propone di mostrare questo travagliato percorso dall’antichità alla modernità, mirando a metterne in luce tanto i caratteri generali quanto quelli che sono i punti di svolta di un’influenza che può ben dirsi rivoluzionaria. E che tuttora attende un’indagine più sistematica.

2025

This study presents a multidisciplinary framework analyzing ancient architectural alignments through harmonic geometry and celestial mechanics. By identifying statistically significant phi-triangle formations among ancient sacred sites and integrating orbital modeling of the Taurid Complex, we propose a new hypothesis: that ancient civilizations encoded resonance memory of past cataclysmic impacts into geographically distributed structures. Forecast modeling reveals 2032 and 2036 Taurid swarm encounters intersecting known φ-cluster nodes, offering a testable hypothesis for geospatial foresight and deep-time recurrence.

2025, temples revisited

Temples Revisited part 1 When studying something as abstract as metrology a certain element of faith is often employed, for the simple reason that you are taking someone else's word for the reported dimensions. In order to deduce exact figures one therefore has to use ones own experience and expertise to state precise values from those most closely reported-most often these will be based upon minimal adjustments. After indeterminate periods of time subsequent to ones conclusions relating to the dimensions of buildings or monuments, or indeed, itinerary distances, one often comes across one's own assumed figures applied with exactitude elsewhere. This is the case here and is the motivation for presenting this article.

2025, Why Look at Plants? The Botanical Emergence in Contemporary Art

Why Look at Plants? proposes a thought-provoking and fascinating look into the emerging cultural politics of plant-presence in contemporary art. Through the original contributions of artists, scholars, and curators who have creatively... more

2025, JHA

It is demonstrated that the longitudes of the planetary exaltations mentioned in numerous Greco-Roman and Late Antique astrological sources derive from Babylonian Normal-Star longitudes. This is achieved through a comparison between both sets of longitudes. Supporting evidence is found in the Late Babylonian astral compendium BM 36609+. The Babylonian longitudes were transferred to exaltations without significant changes, but their association with stars was discarded. The sun's exaltation constitutes an exception, since it does not correspond to a Normal Star, but appears to have been defined in relation to the longitude of the Pleiades, which became the moon's exaltation.

2025, wim verhart

If we draw a circle, whose circumference is 82.9577", the radius becomes: 82.9577 / 2π = 13.203" Which is equal to 33.5359… centimetres Which is 1 Royal Cubit divided by 1.5625 (1/0.64), being 82.9577 the value in centimetres of the Megalithic Yard. Using Berriman's theory, with a base of 230.40 meters, the perimeter of the Great Pyramid becomes 921.60 meters, and the value of 1,000 Megalithic Yards: 921.60 / 1.1111111111… = 829.44 meters Therefore, the Royal Cubit would become: 82.944 x 100 / 64 x 2 π = 20.6264806…" expressed in meters it would be 52.39126… cm. This theory, logically, is not compatible with a base of exactly 440 Royal Cubits for the Great Pyramid.

2025, J. Klein & N. Powers (eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Hellenistic Philosophy

The present chapter deals with the destruction and the restoration of the cosmos in Stoic cosmology. Although the Stoic cosmos is similar to other geocentric systems in Antiquity, it is unique because it is periodically destroyed in a "con agration" and then restored anew, in a cosmic cycle that is both endless and beginningless. This doctrine of everlasting recurrence is perhaps the most salient element of Stoic cosmology and, therefore, a theory that requires close scrutiny. The chapter describes the mechanism that leads to the con agration and the cosmogony by which cosmic order is restored by the Stoic god. It pays special attention to the contribution of the individual early Stoics Zeno, Cleanthes, and Chrysippus to these two areas of Stoic cosmology.

2025, Religions

In a world that grew increasingly more foreign, the Marduk priests of Hellenistic Babylon endeavored to maintain their ancient traditions and beliefs. Central to their worldview was the idea that the gods decided the fates of the land and that to ensure their benevolence, temple worship was not only necessary but the primary raison d'être of the priests themselves. However, foreign rule posed significant challenges to the traditional Babylonian temple cult. In this paper, we argue that in response, the Babylonian priests developed new discursive paradigms that sought to influence their future by reinterpreting their past in light of their present. On the one hand, this took the form of traditional models of cuneiform literacy and was developed in texts dealing with history and ritual (Late Babylonian Priestly Literature). On the other hand, the priesthood advanced a new intellectual model that expanded beyond the scope of traditional knowledge and took the form of a mathematical-astronomical paradigm. While there is an apparent tension between both paradigms, we posit that their overarching objectives remained the same: understanding the divinely determined future through the past (and present) and influencing it by ritual action directed towards the divine. Studying this Babylonian model is valuable for understanding parallel epistemological and discursive processes taking place in other ancient Near Eastern temple communities that faced similar challenges under foreign imperial rule.

2025, The Thomist

Saint Thomas Aquinas argues that “every law aims at establishing the friendship either of men with one another or of man with God," and he says that "just as the main intention of human law is to establish friendship
of men with one another, so too the intention of divine law
is mainly to establish man’s friendship with God.” Thus, human law
aims at the constitution of human friendship, and divine law aims
at the constitution of friendship between human beings and God.
With that framework in place, I raise the question discussed in this paper: In light of what has been said about human law and divine law, what can be said about the natural law? Does the natural law aim at friendship amongst men themselves or friendship between men and God?

2025, Vigiliae Christianae (2025)

This article traces Augustine's understanding of how human embryos are formed and the roles of both male and female in this process. A close analysis of Augustinian texts presents Augustine's embryology within its contemporary theological and scientific framework. Before analysing Augustine's texts, the paper provides some context of ancient Graeco-Roman embryological doctrines that somehow influenced his thought and of their reception and transformation in patristic literature. Setting Augustine's embryology in context provides a better understanding of the theological reasons behind his own theories and of the significance of such a doctrine in Augustine's Christology and anthropology.

2025, Rynhold D. and Goldschmidt T., eds., Routledge Companion to Jewish Philosophy

During the Hellenistic and Roman periods, the literary output of Greekspeaking Jews was rich and diverse. It ranged from the translation of the Pentateuch into Greek (the Septuagint) to historiography (Eupolemus, 2 Maccabees, Josephus), novels (Joseph and Aseneth), and tragedy (the Exagōgē of Ezekiel), as well as gnomic poetry (Pseudo-Phocylides), apologetic narratives (Letter of Aristeas, Artapanus, Hecateus of Abdera), wisdom literature (Wisdom of Solomon) and biblical exegesis (Aristobulus, Philo of Alexandria). This non-exhaustive list already shows that Jewish-Greek writers adopted many different literary modes. True, some writings of the period are couched in philosophical terms (especially, e.g., Aristobulus and 4 Maccabees), but one author deserves special attention in a volume dedicated to Jewish philosophy: Philo of Alexandria. Philo is not the only Jewish author to have written philosophical treatises, but his entire oeuvre is shaped by contemporary philosophical preoccupations. Philo is a complex figure who lived in the Roman period (c. 20 BCE-first half of the first century CE). He was born approximately 300 years after

2025, International Journal of English and World Languages and Literature Paradigm Shift in International Research

Varāhamihira, one of the most distinguished scholars of ancient India, exemplifies the harmonious blend of empirical observation and spiritual insight within the Indian Knowledge System (IKS). His multidisciplinary contributionsspanning astronomy, astrology (Jyotisha), meteorology, hydrology, engineering, and cosmology-reflect a sophisticated understanding of the interconnectedness of natural phenomena. Through seminal works like Brihat Samhita, Pancha-Siddhantika, and Brihat Jataka, Varāhamihira articulated complex ideas about planetary influences, seasonal cycles, cloud behavior, and rainfall predictions, all rooted in keen empirical observation and traditional wisdom. This research paper explores Varāhamihira's scientific methodologies and theoretical frameworks within the broader philosophical ethos of IKS. His approach integrates logic (tarka), observation (pratyaksha), and scriptural knowledge (shabda), demonstrating an early form of interdisciplinary systems thinking. He connected the macrocosm (the cosmos) with the microcosm (human life and Earth), promoting sustainable practices and ethical responsibility. The paper also investigates the relevance of Varāhamihira's work to contemporary issues, such as climate prediction, resource management, and ecological balance. By reviving his contributions through the lens of IKS, we highlight the value of traditional knowledge systems in modern scientific discourse. Varāhamihira's legacy underscores the importance of integrating indigenous perspectives with modern science for holistic development. Thus, this study reaffirms that ancient Indian scientists like Varāhamihira not only advanced scientific understanding but also promoted a worldview that was deeply ecological, ethical, and inclusive-values increasingly vital in our global search for sustainable and integrative knowledge systems.

2025, Matematica e latino nella scuola secondaria di secondo grado. atti del workshop di Roma, 15-16 dicembre 2023

This interdisciplinary didactic path, whose recipients are students attending the last year of liceo scientifico, is focused on the concept of indeterminism and features the analysis of three passages in Latin written by great authors: Lucretius, whose clinamen theory can be considered a model of quantum indeterminism; Newton, who explores the field of chaotic indeterminism in-
vestigating the three-body problem; Daniel Bernoulli, whose kinetic theory of gas opens the door to statistical indeterminism. Following this thread, teachers can stimulate their students to reflect on history of science, which is not a mere set of unchangeable theories as the latter tend to believe and to explore the multiple varieties of Latin, language of researchers up to the 19th century.

2025

Este ensayo examina el vínculo fundacional entre el pensamiento filosófico y la observación astronómica. A través del análisis del proemio del poema de Parménides, se revela cómo imágenes como el carro solar, las hijas del Sol y las puertas celestes no son alegorías decorativas, sino estructuras simbólicas que expresan un conocimiento cósmico profundo. Se propone que la filosofía nace del diálogo con el cielo, y que el orden del universo —más que ser tema de reflexión— fue su condición misma de posibilidad.

2025, Continental Philosophy Review

This article discusses the second volume of Kojève’s "Essai d’une historie raisonnée de la philosophie paienne" dedicated to Plato and Aristotle. In particular it examines the strange emphasis and interpretation that Kojève gives of the central role played by astral theology in the philosophy of both Plato and Aristotle. It will then advance a hypothesis about the relation between Kojève’s theological interpretations of Plato and Aristotle and their relation to his conception of Hegel’s philosophy.

2025, Vita e Pensiero

INDICE Presentazione di Guido Milanese VII i. guido milanese Un secolo dopo ii. andrea balbo Ettore Bignone: la giovinezza, la formazione e l'attività come latinista iii. sonia francisetti brolin Ettore Bignone e l'Enciclopedia Italiana: gli studi letterari tra filologia e ideologia iv. giovanni indelli I Papiri ercolanesi nell'Epicuro di Ettore Bignone v. francesca longo auricchio Qualche noterella sull'Aristotele perduto e i testi ercolanesi vi. nicola pace Ettore Bignone e Diogene da Enoanda vii. lisa piazzi Il vate pensoso: Lucrezio negli scritti di Ettore Bignone Indice dei nomi Testi citati Gli autori del volume VI. Ettore Bignone e Diogene da Enoanda di Nicola Pace Quando pubblicò nel 1920 la traduzione e il commento delle opere di Epicuro 1 , Ettore Bignone attinse con cautela ai frammenti di Diogene di Enoanda che erano stati scoperti a partire dal 1884 e che erano stati raccolti nell'edizione teubneriana di Johann H.R. William del 1907 2 : infatti troviamo solo sei frammenti dell'epigrafe filosofica tradotti e commentati nella sezione «Frammenti d'incerta sede -Frammenti sull'Etica» (frr. 108-113 a pp. 189-190). Si tratta delle nuove sentenze che si aggiungevano alle 40 Massime Capitali di Epicuro (κύριαι δόξαι / ratae sententiae) tramandate da Diogene Laerzio e alle 81 Sentenze Vaticane scoperte da Karl Wotke nel ms. Vat. Gr. 1950 (Ἐπικούρου προσφώνησις) e pubblicate insieme a Hermann Usener nel 1888 3 . Nell'epigrafe queste sentenze si trovavano ben distinte dalle κύριαι δόξαι di Epicuro che nella fascia dell'Etica sono poste nella quindicesima riga e si estendono di pietra in pietra senza soluzione di continuità, separate dal testo sovrastante di Diogene e scritte in caratteri più grandi: le Nuove Sentenze («Maxims» nell'edizione dello Smith del 1993, o «monolithic Maxims» nelle edizioni successive), a differenza delle κύριαι δόξαι, sono scritte sull'intera colonna di un'unica pietra, estendendosi su un numero di righe variabili (da 9 a 11) per consentire la conclusione della sentenza al termine di ogni colonna. Il William, che le pubblicò come frr. LVI-LXI, a pp. 54-56, nella Sezione D, come Epicuri Sententiae, dopo le κύριαι δόξαι della quindicesima riga, avvertiva che, a differenza di queste, il loro ordine era incerto; presupponeva inoltre, in base all'altezza delle pietre integre su cui si trovavano i frr. 28 e 29 HK (= LVII-LVIII W.) 4 , che le accomunava 1 Epicuro, Opere, frammenti, testimonianze sulla sua vita, tradotti con introduzione e commento da E. Bignone,

2025, wim verhart

Is there a mathematical link between these two monuments?

2025

As far as ancient animal designations are concerned one of the most puzzling identifications in the Graeco-Roman world is found in Theophrastus’ Characters (5.9) and concerns an animal called τίτυρος. Many attempts have been made to explain this term, most often as an exotic bird, but also as a monkey with a short tail, on the basis of certain erudite explanations present in a few medieval manuscripts of Theophrastus. Through an in-depth study of this term, especially in relation with ancient Greek bucolic poetry, the present article attempts to account for the possible reasons that would have allowed ancient scholars to identify the τίτυρος as a short-tailed monkey. The pastoral world of goatherds and their domesticated animals, which forms the fictional framework to Greek bucolic poetry, may provide the key to envisioning the τίτυρος as a goat-monkey.

2025

Welcome to the world of Trans Dimensional Metrology. In this 6th. episode I will begin culminating into concise and condensed terms much of this series' previous details to reveal its overall objective.

2025, Shvetwarna

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2025, Revista Eletrônica de Direito Processual – REDP

O presente artigo analisa se animais têm capacidade processual para figurar como autores ou réus em processos judiciais. De acordo com o sistema jurídico vigente, animais não são considerados sujeitos de direito, mas bens móveis semoventes. Portanto, não têm capacidade de ser parte e, consequentemente, não têm capacidade processual. O Projeto de Lei nº 6.054/2019 e o Projeto de Lei nº 145/2021 propõem alterações no Código Civil e no Código de Processo Civil para atribuir capacidade de ser parte e capacidade processual aos animais, mas devem ser ajustados para que essas mudanças legislativas atinjam a finalidade pretendida. Assim, a tutela coletiva dos direitos dos animais ocorrerá por substituição processual do Ministério Público, Defensoria Pública ou associações civis e a tutela individual dos direitos dos animais ocorrerá por representação processual dos seus tutores ou guardiões.

2025, Logbuch Wissensgeschichte

This paper discusses the list as the epistemic format par excellence in the cuneiform tradition.

2025, Il Politico

all'espansione del commercio, che addolcisce i costumi e crea società più coese. Sognando la pace perpetua di kantiana memoria, Cobden brama l'idea di un'umanità divenuta famiglia ove "il sistema di governo di questo mondo" verrà "trasformato in qualcosa di simile a un sistema di municipalità": insomma, sempre secondo Cobden il libero scambio sarà "la più grande rivoluzione accaduta nella storia del mondo" (p. 165). E l'autore che più di tutti aveva insistito sull'idea del "doux commerce" fu il Baron de Montesquieu, il quale affermava essere "regola pressoché generale che dovunque vi siano costumi gentili (moeurs douces) vi è commercio; e che dovunque vi sia commercio, vi sono costumi gentili". Da questo punto di vista, il commercio da un lato permette di rispondere ai bisogni e dall'altro, spiega Cobden, consente di porre le fondamenta di un ordine sociale più elevato dove, spiega David Hume, la passione "calma" della ricchezza sovrasta le altre passioni, definite "violente". Questo perché, dato che nell'arco della nostra vita non abbiamo sufficiente tempo per procurarci abbastanza amici che ci aiutino a fornirci di tutto ciò di cui abbiamo bisogno, necessitiamo dell'aiuto di coloro che non conosciamo. Ovvero l'insegnamento fornito da Smith secondo cui la ricchezza delle nazioni dipende dalla divisione del lavoro, è altresì riassunto da Cobden quando scrive: "Il libero scambio, nella più ampia accezione del termine, significa solo divisione del lavoro, mediante la quale i poteri produttivi del mondo intero sono posti in reciproca cooperazione" (p. 269). La cooperazione è l'alternativa all'aggressione: o scambiamo, o rubiamo. E qui giungiamo alla scienza dello scambio, la catallassi, come vettore di cooperazione ed amicizia. Quello di cui necessitiamo realmente è la libertà del prossimo, non (solo) della nostra. Tenendo in considerazione l'evoluzione della storia contemporanea c'è da chiedersi se la teoria politica di Cobden rimanga attuale e se gli uomini sono incitati a provocare guerre soltanto dai loro interessi materiali. Brillantemente, Cobden critica l'idea -invero più protezionistica che libero scambista -secondo cui bisogna difendere con le armi il "nostro commercio" (p. 206). E, come spiega Joseph Schumpeter, lo spirito bellicista non è un'inevitabile conseguenza del sistema capitalistico; al contrario, questi impulsi sono il risultato di una mentalità precapitalistica. Si potrebbe così riassumere dicendo il libero scambio è una condizione necessaria ma non sufficiente per la pace perpetua. Non c'è forse conclusione migliore che un passo di una lettera che Cobden scrisse ad un amico: "Le nazioni non hanno ancora imparato a sopportare la prosperità, la libertà e la pace. Lo [il libero scambio] appoggeranno in uno stato superiore di civiltà. Pensiamo di essere il modello per la prosperità, quando siamo poco più che fari per aiutarla ad evitare le rocce e le sabbie mobili". ENRICO PIERGIACOMI, Amicus Lucretius. Gassendi, il De rerum natura e l'edonismo cristiano, Berlin/Boston, De Gruyter, 2022, pp. 457. Il problema dell'origine della modernità, se sia essa frutto di una secolarizzazione di concetti teologici o di una svolta atea accompagnata da un rinnovamento dell'epicureismo, è una vexata quaestio che non pare accenni a risolversi. È vero, però, che quale che sia la posizione che ci risulta più persuasiva, non si può ignorare la presenza, spesso celata e sotterranea, dell'epicureismo in alcuni dei maggiori autori dell'età moderna, anche quando

2025

Classical philosophical thought on quantity from Plato to Kant. This work is designed to complement pure mathematics material in year 4 of the Oxford MSc in Pure Mathematics.

2025

С анализом гипотезы, высказанной в статье «Новое определение сароса?» С выражением благодарности Андрею Игоревичу Захарову, сотруднику ГАИШ Условные обозначения: ЕНКК-естественнонаучный культурный код РМЕШ-российская междисциплинарная... more

2025

In this paper, we are going to describe the system of cosmic harmony discovered by the composer and scientist Mikhail Aleksandrovič Marutaev (1925-2010) that was based on his own research on symmetry. We shall show that a Pythagorean... more

2025, Early Science and Medicine

The theological and eschatological dialogue 𝘋𝘦 𝘴𝘦𝘳𝘢 𝘯𝘶𝘮𝘪𝘯𝘪𝘴 𝘷𝘪𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘤𝘵𝘢 (“On the Slowness of the Divinity to Punish”) by Plutarch of Chaeronea (first–second century CE) contains precise references to scientific and technical notions of his time, primarily within analogies and symbolic images. Assuming that understanding these symbolic elements requires an examination of the terminology and concepts that inspired them across scientific and broader cultural contexts, this article analyses one passage to gain insights into early imperial zoology, ink usage, colour classification, and metallurgical terminology. After introducing selected medical, zoological, and metallurgical references within the dialogue, the article focuses on a symbolic sentence describing “ill-will” and “envy” as a “rusty” (or “poisonous” or “violet-like,” ἰώδης) and “suppurated” (or “hidden” or “treacherous,” ὕπουλος) fluid emitted by envious souls, compared to the manner in which “cuttlefish” (σηπίαι) emit their ink. While clarifying the meaning and chromatic implications of this image, the article explores zoological knowledge of cuttlefish, ancient sources on cephalopod ink usage, and documented associations of these inks with the colours and corrosions of bronze and iron. Personal observations of the natural colours of three cephalopod inks are also presented alongside those of corroded copper and iron powders.

2025

ED474933 - Teaching Ancient Mesopotamian Rhetoric: Gender and Literacy, Enheduanna as a Case Study at the Beginning of Written Literacy.

2025, Master thesis

Galen of Pergamon (129 – c. 216 CE) was a doctor and immensely prolific writer on medical and other subjects. An important component of his legacy, as well as a subject dear to his heart, was anatomy. He would come back to the topic... more

2025, Field Notes: A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology

Milwaukee. He holds, from the University of Texas at Arlington, a B.S. in Biology and Psychology, an M.S. in Experimental Psychology, and an M.A. in Sociology. His dissertation project, reflecting his commitment to advancing educational practices, focuses on critically analyzing teaching and learning methodologies in anthropology education. His research interests are varied and include evolutionary mismatch theory, evolutionary medicine, and monotropism. In his spare time, he likes to ponder, through the lens of neuroscientific findings, philosophical questions about the nature of reality, perception, and consciousness. Katrina Frank has studied cultural anthropology for over seven years. She received a BA in Anthropology from Illinois State University and an MS in Anthropology from the University of Wisconsin -Milwaukee. As a Latina, she has always been passionate about Latinx/e studies and learning more about her culture. In her research, Katrina has found that media is one of the most common ways that people are exposed to new cultures and that learning about how cultures are represented can help us to understand how we view ourselves and others in our society. Jo Gansemer recently received her MS in Anthropology from the University of Wisconsin -Milwaukee. She specializes in biological anthropology with a specific focus on primatology. Her interests are multi-disciplinary and include non-human primate behavior, hormones, ethnoprimatology, and conservation. Her graduate research analyzed the relationship between hair cortisol concentration and parity in South African vervet monkeys.

2025, Field Notes: A Journal of Collegiate Anthropology

Take it, MUSE, from the top-" from Cadmus, the Roving Researcher (43) Zeus, a divine bull, runs atop the open water carrying a freshly abducted mortal woman Europa upon his back. Her brother Cadmus of Tyre chases the pair across the sea. With the Cosmic King otherwise occupied, a monstrous many-headed-many-handed Typhoon steals Zeus' lightning. Next Typhoon engages in universal upheaval as he throws stars around the heavens, marries off constellations, and dredges up islands to skip them like pebbles far across the sea. Typhoon drives all the immortals into hiding in Egypt. The entire universe trembles before the monster. Only Zeus and Cadmus together can save everyone from a return to cosmic chaos. So begins the Dionysiaca, translated as Tales of Dionysus, the last Epic of Antiquity written by Nonnus of Panopolis sometime in the fifth century AD. Dionysiaca is a testament of Dionysus from the time the divine son of Zeus appears on the earth to his triumph and ascension as an Olympian God. Nonnus also paraphrased St. John's Gospel in the same Epic Dactylic Metre. Outside of these two texts there is literally nothing known about the man. For an Anthropologist interested in Antiquity, Nonnus is very useful: his volume of poetry describes, analyzes, compares, and dissects the ancient world of which Nonnus is a part. Where Homer's world is in transition from Dark to Archaic Age, Nonnus' world is in transition from Late Antiquity to Medieval Dark Age. As he wrote, the Mediterranean world was awash with religious, political, economic, and social upheaval. Nonnus did not know where history was headed, but he witnessed monumental changes, population upheaval, escalating barbarian invasions, plagues, upstart religious cults from all across the Empire, and the promise Jove made to Aeneas and Augustus coming undone as Rome shriveled, was sacked, then irrevocably became two. For a Greek speaker of this era, the whole world was becoming smaller, less defined around the edges, and with ever more terrifying bogeymen beyond the frontiers. Then Nonnus put pen to paper, wrote poetry in the oldest form to describe what he saw, to show people's greatest fears, and glorify the gods looked to as ancient society degraded through troubled times.

2025, International Political Economy Studies

The introduction of new social sciences to Iran commenced prior to the Constitutional Revolution, a period known as the Persian Constitutional Revolution, offering valuable insights into the current state of these disciplines. During this era, the writings of travelogues by certain individuals sparked an interest in the Western world, leading to a subsequent effort by a group of intellectuals to transplant European concepts into Iran. Notably, Mirza Agha Khan emerged as a prominent figure in this second group of intellectuals, actively engaged in the transfer of Western ideas. Among Mirza Agha Khan's notable works, "Takvin va Tashri" stands out, particularly due to the methodology applied when addressing economic subjects. In the realm of social sciences, methodology plays a pivotal role in the exploration of the laws governing human interactions. This study focuses on Mirza Agha Khan's approach to economic relationships, revealing that his method mirrors the perspectives of economists from the 18th and 19th centuries.

2025, Exploring the Influence of Roman Astrology on Ancient Civilizations

During the height of the Roman Empire, astrology was a prevalent form of fortune-telling. Astrologers influenced a wide variety of decisions in Roman society, from whom to trust among family members to strategies in times of war (Taylor Kennedy, 2012). This history of decision-making based on astrological predictions has had various impacts on broader Roman society that are noteworthy. Further, as the Roman Empire expanded, Roman astrological practices and beliefs were spread throughout western Europe, North Africa, and the Near East. Understanding the influence of Roman astrology on various ancient civilizations is thus integral to understanding the worldviews of several of the most well-known empires in antiquity. Overall, a distinct view of the daily lives and decision-making strategies of people living before the advent of modern science is presented.

2025, Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences

Meditation that has been a practice for millennia in the present era has gained immense popularity as a stress-coping tool and overall health management and improvement method. Research significantly supports meditation efficacy, revealing beneficial brain and biological changes, leading to improved mental and physical well-being.[1] Methods: Based on an extensive review of scholarly literature about Stress, anxiety, depression mental and physical wellbeing, the present paper has been composed to through light on the impact of meditation on Physical and mental wellbeing. Result: This paper aims to offer a comprehensive overview of the current research on the relationship between meditation and health. Conclusion: The discussion in this article revolves around the impact of meditation on various aspects of the human physiology, specifically heart rate, blood pressure, metabolic rate, cortical activity, and skin resistance. The effects of meditation on human mental health, including relaxation, systematic desensitization, retrieval of repressed memories, perception, memory, stress, depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and relaxation, are also examined. The text addresses the major conceptual issues that require serious attention from researchers in this area for future research.

2025

В статье рассматриваются гербы некоторых первых членов Петербургской Академии наук

2025, Philo of Alexandria and Philosophical Discourse, ed. by Michael B. Cover / Lutz Doering

Cornelia de Vogel, in the third volume of her History of Greek Philosophy, programmatically makes Philo and Plutarch her main witnesses for what she perceives as the main trend in the philosophy of the early Empire: the "religious attitude" of a "theologically interpreted Platonism" into which Aristotelian and Stoic elements are integrated. Under the heading "The Theological and Theosophical Schools", she gives the following definition for what she calls "Prae-neoplatonism":