Australian Studies Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Among the diverse national varieties of Postcolonial English (Schneider 2007), Australian English is an interesting example of the potential a non-dominant variety of English can have nationally and inter¬nationally. After only having achieved general acceptance and linguistic attention as a national standard in the 1970s, Australian English is now codified and well researched. On the one hand, its development has been (and continues to be) influenced by two different dominant varieties of English, British English as well as United States English, on the other hand, Australian English has become a semi-dominant standard regionally, influencing other South West Pacific Englishes, in particular the Papua New Guinean and New Zealand standards. It is argued that in many cases of pluricentric languages, dominance or non-dominance is not a binary opposition but must be determined for each standard variety within its individual framework of dominance.

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- Australian Studies, English language, English, Pluricentric Languages
- by Stephen Muecke
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- Cultural Studies, Australian Studies, Multidisciplinary

Australia and the Great War: Identity, Memory and Mythology is a multi-disciplinary collection of essays exploring the complex relationship that existed, and exists, between the Great War, the British Empire, and Australia. These thematically diverse studies have been selected to help the modern reader come to terms with what that three-way relationship was, and has subsequently become, in the ten decades since August 1914. Interconnections in scholarship between war, identity, history, gender, propaganda, economics and nationalism are teased out, then presented alongside more oblique perspectives that escort the reader from the Australian wheat farm of a century ago to the exhibition of contemporary art in today’s troubled Middle East. Necessarily, the book also engages in the debate concerning the creation and subsequent [mis]use of histories, while touching upon the necessity and nature of both remembering and forgetting war.

- by Michael J . K . Walsh and +1
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- Australian Studies, Australia, Great War, British Imperial and Colonial History (1600 - )

This appendix lists New Zealand plant species stocked and available in Australian nurseries, over time. Raised in a large New Zealand garden full of native trees, plant lover Stuart Read was perhaps hard-wired to notice kiwi plants in Australian gardens. Over time he's pieced together a pattern of waves of fashion in their planting and popularity, reflecting scientific and horticultural expansionism, commercial and familial networks and connections across the Tasman. Stuart will examine a range of NZ plants found in old and younger Australian gardens, try to tease out some of the means by which they got here and why they remain popular.

- by Stuart Read
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- Cultural Studies, Horticulture, Australian Studies, Cultural Heritage
- by Karen Martin
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- Engineering, Sociology, Australian Studies, Multidisciplinary

CHAPTER 14 Soccer and social capital in Australia: Social networks in transition Daniel Lock, Tracy Taylor and Simon Darcy ... For example, sporting clubs have been found to promote mas-culine aggression, tensions (Kerr, 2005) and... more

- by Tracy Taylor
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- Australian Studies, Race and Ethnicity, Social Capital, Physical Education

As tensions mount with China and polarization widens the gap between Beijing and the four members of the Quad, the Foreign Ministers of Australia, India and Japan and the Secretary of State of the United States met in Melbourne on Friday, 11 February 2022, for their Fourth Ministerial meeting, which precedes a larger summit to be held in Japan later this year. The Quad arguably moves toward increased institutionalization as discontent with China grows and diffidence is being increasingly replaced by an outcome oriented approach in the Indo-Pacific region. The timing of the meeting was also consequential as a potential Russian invasion of Ukraine looms, and the Biden administration releases its Indo-Pacific policy. U.S Secretary of State Anthony Blinken warned allies that a war in Ukraine could jeopardize Indo-Pacific stability. The meeting also may well have formed the ground for further discussions on bridging the Euro-Atlantic with the Indo-Pacific under the umbrella of the Quad.

- by Mark S Cogan
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- Japanese Studies, Australian Studies, Michel Foucault, China

This paper examines the north-north migration of care workers
within the industrialised world. While care migration has
traditionally been conceptualised as a phenomenon of women
moving from the global south to the global north, a growing
number of youths are now providing care and domestic services
in other industrialised countries as au pairs. Their ambiguous legal
status, the rhetoric of being ‘part of the family’ and limited
language proficiency compound their vulnerability. We argue that
the current Australian government’s policy can be interpreted as a
deliberate strategy to increase the supply of care labour and
lower the care costs. This policy signifies a shift from
commodification of care which involves formal transactions of
wage and labour provision to what we call ‘pseudo-familialisation
of care’ which pushes care provision back to the family where the
actual work is shouldered by ‘pseudo-family members’ who are
neither family members nor regular workers. The institutional
environment for au pairs from the global north in Australia is
more fragile than that for migrant care workers from the global
south. The lack of institutional assistance from governments and
civil society organisations on both sending and receiving ends as
well as their limited co-ethnic community support place them in a
vulnerable situation.

- by Nana Oishi
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- Gender Studies, Australian Studies, Migration, International Migration

Everybody is born into a family. Each has its own history, therefore, 'our history' is not made by us, but by previous generations. The rise of International migration and the crumbling of family structures, however, only make it harder for descendants to learn about their family history. Inhibited by language and geographical barriers as well as lost connections to the bearers of knowledge, many offspring of migrant families year for answers to questions such as 'Where do I come from?' or 'How did I get here?' Answering these requires re-establishing lost connections and meeting family one previously did not know. This paper illustrates how the juxtaposition of two generations of Chinese Australian migrants' narrative (a 'pioneer migrant' and an 'overseas born Chinese' are vital to piecing together a segment of family history.

- by Christopher Cheng
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- Asian Studies, Self and Identity, Social Networks, Family studies

The UN and Australian government organised a vote, by which, in 1984, Cocos Malays chose to become Australians.

- by Nicholas Herriman
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- Southeast Asian Studies, Australian Studies, Australia, Southeast Asia

Special issue of Hecate: Interdisciplinary Journal of Women's Liberation

- by Petra Bueskens
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- Gender Studies, Feminist Theory, Australian Studies, Australian society

The price penalty for genetically modified (GM)canola (compared to non-GM canola) is 7.2% based on the past five years of price data from two receival depots (Albany and Kwinana) in Western Australia. The average annual price penalty for GM canola varied from a low of 5.3% ($29 per tonne in the 2017/18 season at Kwinana) to a high of 9.2% ($49 per tonne in the 2015/16 season at Albany). The WA GM canola has a lower oil content (46.9% versus 48.4%) and a higher moisture content (5.5% versus 5.3%) than non-GM canola.

- by John Paull, PhD
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- Marketing, Genetics, Quality Management, Australian Studies
- by MONICA SINGH SANGWAN
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- Social Policy, Australian Studies, Indonesia, Decolonialization
- by Scholar Pakistan
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- Australian Studies, Australia, Pakistan, Pakistan Studies
- by Clive Moore
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- Australian Studies, Multidisciplinary

Ascolta Women is a collective of creative multi-generation Italian Australian, and Italian affiliated, women. They formed from the forum ASCOLTA! Listening to unheard stories: Italian Australian Multi-generation Women? s Experiences and Migration Legacies, and Writing Women? s Stories: Creative Writing Workshop, held on 13 th and 14 th March 2020 at CO.AS.IT, Melbourne. Since then the women, from around Australia and London, meet regularly on Zoom to discuss, document and creatively express their shared and diverse experiences and reflections of Italian migration legacies within contemporary global and Australian contexts. Birthed at the commencement of COVID-19 in Australia, Ascolta Women bring their unique perspectives to the experiences of lockdown and quarantine during 2020 through short stories and photographs in their first publication: Stories from the Inside.

- by maria pallotta-chiarolli and +1
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- Australian Studies, Italian Studies, Italian Literature, Women and Culture

While nineteenth- and early twentieth-century public museums have been implicated in the nation-state’s inculcating agenda, debate exists as to whether the contemporary museum persists in such a role. Using the Museum of Sydney as a case study, this article argues that museums continue to be instrumental in the evolution of Australian national identities. While much has been written about the Museum of Sydney, it has been largely concerned with the Museum’s architectural or design elements. This article draws on a historical framework to examine the Museum’s approach to the representation of Australian history. In doing so it highlights the role of the nation-state and cultural institutions in the construction of national identities, which is particularly relevant in the wake of studies demonstrating visitors’ trust in museums as objective institutions.

- by Armanda Scorrano
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- Australian Studies, National Identity, Multidisciplinary, Case Study
- by John Thieme
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- Australian Studies, Australian society, Australian Literature, Beaches

The Shakespeare Tercentenary Memorial Fund was established in Sydney in 1912, with the intention of raising money to erect a local memorial to Shakespeare on the three hundredth anniversary of his death. The fundraising events became in themselves an opportunity for colonial Australia to prove that this was a place that appreciated culture, and could create works of pageantry and art. Throughout the process, the women involved seized their own opportunity to prove themselves the equals of their men in their valuing of Shakespeare and willingness to work towards a shared goal.

- by Anna Kamaralli
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- Australian Studies
- by Nicholas Leone
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- American Politics, Comparative Politics, Australian Studies, Political Science

The nature of historical knowledge is complex, involving oral history, archaeology and (less often than is generally supposed) wri en documents, many of which begin with some sort of oral telling. Here we outline the historical knowledge of a particular series of events in northwest Queensland (Qld) that we have recently wri en about (Davidson et al. 2020). These events began in 1879 with the killings of non-Aboriginal pastoral workers around Wonomo Waterhole on Sulieman Creek (midway between Mount Isa and Boulia). What followed is known from both wri en sources and oral accounts: many Aboriginal people were killed and others captured in reprisal raids by the Native Mounted Police (NMP) and other pastoralists. Although there were no living European witnesses to the events at Wonomo, there are multiple wri en versions of what took place at the waterhole and afterwards. Some of these were published as correspondence to the newspapers in cities more than 1500 km away in the weeks that followed the discovery of the bodies. Others were told much later (the two most influential being wri en at least 40 years after the events) as reminiscences by key people who were present in the area at the time of the murders and who participated in subsequent events. Many of these are in effect oral accounts-circulated amongst the European community and communicated either relatively quickly to the newspapers or, later, to biographers, even though they are now all regarded as "documentary sources". Although most accounts about Wonomo are classic "histories wri en by the victors," Lance Sullivan (one of the authors of this piece) also holds a detailed oral history about those events. This history had been passed down to him by his uncles Tom Sullivan and Clem Sullivan, by people who had first and secondhand knowledge of what happened. This allows for some fascinating insights into the nature of historical knowledge and how we know what we know about the past.

- by Iain Davidson and +2
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- History, Australian Studies, Oral history, Frontier Studies
- by Teresa Davis
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- Sociology, Publishing, Australian Studies, Sociology of Food and Eating
- by Christopher warren
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- Sociology, Australian Studies, Multidisciplinary

Este artigo oferece uma visão panorâmica da evolução das políticas de prevenção primária, secundária e terciária no Brasil relacionadas à prevenção da violência baseada no gênero contra as mulheres e meninas, trazendo insumos de uma visão... more

In 1932, the respected anthropologist Raymond Firth wrote that the Aboriginal Australian manifested a strange trait, one unlike their indigenous counterparts elsewhere in the colonised Pacific. The Indigenous person, Firth said, ‘mutely dies.’ It would take just two hundred years of settler-Indigenous contact—and, within that span, a few intense decades of frontier activity—to decimate the Indigenous people who had been in Australia for forty thousand years. If this population died at all ‘mutely’, then it may well have been in shock and trauma. Silence, after all, is a common response to extreme suffering. To invoke Cathy Caruth, this implores us to engage in ‘a new mode of reading and listening [or viewing] that both the language of trauma, and the silence of its mute repetition of suffering, profoundly and imperatively demands’. These relations between contemporary and historical silence—as well as suffering and violence—powerfully arise in Australian director Warwick Thornton’s Samson and Delilah (2009), the focus of this chapter. Forgetting or denying Australia’s foundational structure of colonisation generates silence around what happened in the nation’s past. Samson and Delilah thus depicts trauma as a crisis of speech, a trope we can read as a reflection on representing Indigenous suffering in contemporary Australia. In analysing how the film depicts trauma in form and content, the chapter discusses silence, historical inheritances and belonging as central concerns of the film. These concerns draw all Australian subjects into positions of implication, although with incommensurate, unevenly distributed suffering between Indigenous and settler groups. Samson and Delilah is unflinching in its criticism of all implicated parties—the web of social, cultural and political forces acting on the couple at its centre. This adds up to an uncommonly holistic appraisal of the trails of trauma in a setting where colonisation is entrenched and continuing.

- by Ben Gook
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- Critical Theory, Cultural History, Cultural Studies, Indigenous Studies

While the stereotype of Australian culture is one of relentless secularism, this essay examines the persistence of visions of the sacred in literary writing. From Makarand Paranjape ed. Sacred Australia Melbourne: Clouds of Magellan,... more

While the stereotype of Australian culture is one of relentless secularism, this essay examines the persistence of visions of the sacred in literary writing.
From Makarand Paranjape ed. Sacred Australia Melbourne: Clouds of Magellan, 2009: 21-43.

- by Bill Ashcroft
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- Religion, Australian Studies, Postcolonial Studies, Secularisms and Secularities

This work engages in a Critical Discourse Analysis of the legitimatory discourse of the governing Australian Labor Party in relation to the Stronger Futures in the Northern Territory policy 2012. The policy effectively prolonged central provisions of the Northern Territory Emergency Response 2007 and can be perceived as neocolonial intervention directed at the incorporation of Black Australians into the Australian nation-state. The analysis focuses on speeches by members of the Labor party, delivered in the context of the parliamentary debates on the SFP. Four recurring discourses have been identified and investigated according to their ideological content and their legitimising function. While a discourse of listening can be perceived as genuine commitment to take the views of Black Australians seriously, discourses of learning/progress and caring/vulnerability are rather ambivalent. The discourse of agency, which is identified based on an analysis of transitivity – the power position which is ascribed to individuals or groups based on the semantic and grammatical structure of a text –, overshadows the other discourses and strips Black Australians of their ability to change and deal with their social problems themselves. Positive transformation is rendered possible exclusively through contact with white Australians’ social and cultural forms, which can be seen as the central legitimising argument by the speakers. This perception that outside intervention is the only solution, however, must be considered as serious hindrance to the policy aim of empowering Black Australians in general, and vulnerable Black Australians in particular.

... Journal of Australian Studies. Issue 77 (2003). I Knit Water [Book Review]. Bond, Sue (Reviewed by). Full Text PDF (85kb). To cite this article: Bond, Sue. ... [cited 20 Oct 10]. Personal Author: Bond, Sue. Source: Journal of... more

- by Sue Bond
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- Computer Science, Publishing, Australian Studies, Academic research

This paper proposes the enactment of an ex gratia compensation scheme for loss of Indigenous languages in Australia. Although some Australian states have enacted ex gratia compensation schemes for the victims of the Stolen Generation policies, the victims of ‘linguicide’ (language killing) are largely overlooked by the Australian Government. Existing grant schemes to support Aboriginal languages are inadequate, and they should be complemented with compensation schemes, which are based on a claim of right. The proposed compensation scheme for the loss of Aboriginal languages should support the effort to reclaim and revive the lost languages. We first outline the history of linguicide during colonisation in Australia. We then put a case for reviving lost Aboriginal languages by highlighting the benefits of language revival. After evaluating the limits of existing Australian law in supporting the language revival efforts, this paper proposes a statute-based ex gratia compensation scheme, which can be colloquially called ‘Native Tongue Title’.

- by Ghil'ad Zuckermann
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- Sociology, Political Sociology, Law, Criminal Law

In a time when a white labour-force was lacking and fear for the survival of the white man in Tropical Australia was widespread, when a cultural and economic hegemony in the Tropical North was still to be achieved, and slavery in the British Empire was outlawed, the transportation of often forced native labour from the Pacific Islands to Queensland"s plantations (1860s-1900s) became the best solution to guarantee two important effects: 1) the availability of an (almost) unwaged, racialised and segregated labour-force; and 2) the eventual return home of this labour, so its presence would not threaten Australia"s design of racial autarchy. My article investigates the connections between that particular system of production (sugar and cotton plantations in Queensland), its correspondent model of exploitation (indentured labour), the colour assignment in the Pacific, and the particular characteristics of Australia as a white settler colony. Its focus is on blackbirding, that particular system of labour recruitment and exploitation that involved Pacific islanders as indentured labourers between 1863 and 1904.

- by Gaia Giuliani
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- Australian Studies, Critical Race Theory, Indentured Labour

In 2015, the Australian federal government proclaimed that violence against women had become a national crisis. Despite widespread social and economic advances in the status of women since the 1970s, including growing awareness and action around gender violence, its prevalence remains alarming. A third of all women in Australia have been assaulted physically; a fifth of all women have been assaulted sexually. Intimate partner violence is significantly more prevalent in Australia than in Western Europe or North America. One woman each week is murdered by an intimate partner, and recent research suggests that nearly forty per cent of all women who suicide have a history of domestic or family violence. Domestic violence is a precipitating factor in a third of all homelessness. The resulting strain on government services and lost productivity means that family violence has been estimated as costing the Australian economy around $13.6 billion a year. The histories presented in this collection indicate exactly where these violent behaviours come from and how they have been rationalised over time, offering an important resource for addressing what amounts to a widespread, persistent, and urgent social problem.

- by Ana Stevenson
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- Gender Studies, Women's Studies, Women's History, Australian Studies

This article uses a newly developed theoretical concept – the 'uncommodified blackness' image, to accentuate the discursive methods in which the humanness of Africans is denied in subtle and commonplace ways in Australia. In other words, the concept of uncommodified blackness is used in this study to theorise both the racist infrahumanisation and the blatant racist dehumanisation that Africans are subjected to in Australia. An analysis of semi-structured interviews with 11 research participants suggests that, through the image of uncommodified blackness, the participants are viewed by mainstream Australia as dysfunctional and dirty Others who ought to be avoided in public transport. Participants' lived experiences imply that mainstream Australia regards them as outsiders and perpetual refugees who are failing at 'integration'.

- by Gigi Adair and +1
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- Indigenous Studies, Australian Studies, Postcolonial Studies

The Dalgaranga meteorite crater, 100 km northeast of Yalgoo, Western Australia, was the first impact structure identified in Australia, the smallest isolated crater found in Australia, and the only confirmed crater in the world associated with a mesosiderite projectile. 17 years passed before the Dalgaranga meteorites were described in the scientific literature and nearly 40 years passed before a survey of the structure was published. The reasons for the time-gap were never explained and a number of factual errors about the discovery and early history remain uncorrected in the scientific literature. Using historical and archival documents and accounts from people involved in early Dalgaranga research, we provide a detailed history of the discovery and study of the crater and its associated meteorites. We then discuss discrepancies in the age estimates of the impact and use pi-scaling laws to estimate the mass of the projectile.

- by Craig O'Neill and +1
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- History, Earth Sciences, Geology, Geophysics

The removal of Aboriginal children from their parents has been a policy in all states at different times. In Australia, the argument of the Aborigines Protection Board rested on the supposed ‘idleness and immorality’ of the Aborigines from which the children should be ‘protected’. The official government figure says over 100,000 children were forcibly removed, often kidnapped without their parents’ knowledge. Recently Australian government is making an attempt to reunite these children, often called Stolen Generation, to their families. The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders themselves have established an organization, ‘Link-Up’, to reunite the separated families. The Lost Children is a collection of the interviews of thirteen such persons who were removed from their families in childhood and later were reunited with the help of ‘Link-Up’. Some of these children were adopted or fostered by white families and some had to grow up at Homes. The focus of my paper is upon the problems these people faced in coping up with a family or a culture newly introduced to them. My paper will further try to find out if there is any difference in the attitude of the children who were adopted by any white family and those who were not in the reconciliation process, and how this adoption process helped them or barred them to face such a situation in their future lives.

- by Dipanwita Pal
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- Australian Studies, The Stolen Generations

The Lebanese Rugby League was formed in 1997 in Sydney when a team comprised of Australian-based players of Lebanese descent participated in an international tournament. The Lebanese national team later qualified for two rugby league men’s World Cups (2000 and 2017). The case demonstrates how diasporas can shape sport development. The accomplishment of the Lebanese team has also given the small country some exposure at the global level. Additionally, since 2002, a new sport has been established in Lebanon, making the country one of the few cases in the world where rugby league is more popular than rugby union. This paper examines diaspora issues including the assimilation of Lebanese emigrants into Australian sporting culture and strategic uses of citizenship. Furthermore, the research sheds light on the ‘glocalized’ development of rugby league in Lebanon by its establishment at private Lebanese universities while it is known in Australia for its working-class origins. There is a relationship of mutual dependence between diaspora and homeland: without its diaspora, Lebanon could not participate in the World Cup, and without domestic development in the sport (which includes, since 2015, also women’s teams), the diaspora would not be permitted to participate in global championships.

- by Danyel Reiche
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- Australian Studies, Diasporas, Sports History, Australia
- by Arne Bölling
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- Historical Linguistics, Australian Studies, Onomastics, Linguistics