Automatic Transmissions Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2024, Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

Łukasz JASIŃSKI, Zbigniew BUDNIAK SYMULACJA RUCHU MOTOCYKLOWEGO MECHANIZMU ZMIANY BIEGÓW Streszczenie W artykule przedstawiono koncepcję zastosowania samochodowej skrzyni biegów w motocyklu. Na podstawie opracowanego wirtualnego modelu... more

2024, Journal of Information Engineering and Applications

The internet has become an extremely important modern day technology for business and made a lot of activities very easy. It is used for almost all purposes, even with important issues such as in education and government organizations. In view of these benefits, various technologies have been developed to connect users to the internet. Some of these technologies include dial up, ISDN, DSL, satellite and mobile broadband.The purpose of this paper is to find the causes of low patronage of fixed line broadband internet access (DSL using landline) among households in Ghana. The paper employs qualitative research design whilst the survey method (both interview and questionnaire) was applied as the data collection methodology. The main findings were that most educated people in Ghana are computer and internet literates and perceive the internet as important. It was also found that many people are of the view that fixed line broadband internet access is expensive and slow. More importantly...

2024, Journal of Information Engineering and Applications

Systems in vehicles are being modified due to current technological trends. One of the commonest modified systems in vehicles was the transmission system. This study presented views of drivers on preference for automatic or manual transmission vehicles in Ghana. In all, data was collected from 1260 drivers selected randomly through survey, in-depth interviews and six focus group discussions. The study indicated that manual transmission vehicles were more in Ghana with the automatic now gaining relative patronage. However, automatic transmission vehicles were preferred by females than males. The first three factors that determined preference for automatic transmission were shifting quality, easy to use and power (engine) performance. However, for manual transmission vehicles repairability (easily reparable), reliability and better fuel economy were the first three factors that determined driver’s choice for such vehicles. The results further showed that most respondents believed...

2024, Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport

The aim of this work is method presentation to noise level reduction of fixed headstock of the lathe. It is connected with the causes finding of non-uniform work of lathe headstock, description of recent design and its analysis. Problem of the excessive noise level concern to near 35% of the lathes have been produced. In spite of lack of noise reduction possibility there were no system solution of problem. Design optimisation weren't done after application the electric motor with inverter. New solution of electric motor control let to reduce number of gear wheels in lathe drive system. For this drive solution there weren't made the analysis of drive particular parts influence on the noise generation.

2024, Journal of Information Engineering and Applications

2024, Applied Engineering Letters : Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences

Planetary gear trains have been applied for a long time in the automotive industry as an irreplaceable part of automatic gearboxes. This paper presents, based on existing research, the kinematic analysis and evaluation of Ravigneaux gear trains, effects of power flow analysis and power loss, evaluation of utility effects of energy utilization through analysis of efficiency. It also illustrates research topics that analyse technical challenges of understanding and predicting dynamics and vibrations of planetary gear trains in the process of design of their configuration, optimization of given gear trains in reference to set criteria and affirmation of validity of their constructions by prototyping and prototype testing on the test stand.

2024

Streszczenie. W artykule omówiono budowę i zasadę działania obiegowej przekładni cykloidalnej. Przekładnia ta jest syntezą mechanizmów obiegowego oraz równowodowego. Mechanizm obiegowy tworzy zespół obiegowych kół zębatych oraz rolek, który decyduje w głównej mierze o właściwej pracy przekładni. Jego podstawowym i najważniejszym elementem jest obiegowe koło zębate o cykloidalnym zarysie zębów. Przedstawiono wpływ parametrów opisujących zarys cykloidalny koła na geometrię koła oraz siły. Mechanizm równowodowy, służący do przekazania ruchu z członu czynnego na bierny przekładni, tworzą sworznie oraz tuleje umieszczone w otworach obiegowych kół zębatych. Przedstawiono wpływ ilości oraz geometrii tych elementów na siły występujące w otworach obiegowych kół zębatych. Właściwie dobrana geometria koła zębatego oraz materiał, z którego jest wykonane, mają istotny wpływ na bezpieczną pracę obiegowej przekładni cykloidalnej. Słowa kluczowe: obiegowa przekładnia cykloidalna, geometria koła zębatego DEFINITION OF THE GEAR'S GEOMETRY IN THE PLANETARY CYCLOIDAL TRANSMISSION Summary. In the paper, the design and operation of the planetary cycloidal transmission have been discussed. The transmission is a synthesis of the planetary and the straight-line mechanism. The planetary mechanism is made of a planetary gear set with rollers, which is critical for the proper work of the transmission. Its basic and most important element is the planetary cycloidal gear. Influence of the parameters determining the cycloidal profile of the gear on the gear's geometry and the forces has been presented. The straight-line mechanism carrying the motion from the driving onto the driven unit of the transmission is made of the pins and bushes located in the holes of the planetary gears. The influence of the number and geometry of the elements on the forces and occuring in the holes of the planetary gears has been presented. Therefore, the properly defined geometry of the gear and of the material of which the gear is made is crucial for the safe operation of the planetary cycloidal transmission.

2024, Blucher Engineering Proceedings

Performed a quantitative study, using a group of Continuously Variable Transmissions and a group of Automatic Transmissions "Planetary" type, with the objective of proving which one offers the better fuel economy and the lowest level of emissions. Initially, a bibliographic search was carried out in order to identify results of studies where were evaluated: fuel consumption as a reason for choosing CVT transmission; comparisons of types of automatic transmissions regarding fuel consumption, emissions and efficiency studies of CVT transmissions. The data, consumption and emissions, was extracted from the annual publication of vehicle approval issued by INMETRO (National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology), and then developed a Model, per cluster analysis, in order to understand transmissions behavior.

2023, Applied Engineering Letters : Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences

2023, Mağallaẗ al-qādisiyyaẗ li-l-ʻulūm al-handasiyyaẗ

Planetary gear trains (PGTs) are used in a wide range of mechanical applications. Graphs are used to represent PGTs. PGTs are classified into single-planet and multi-planet gear trains depending on the number of vertices in the second level of the graph. In this paper, a novel method for synthesizing PGTs up to the second level is developed. The first step in the synthesis process is the enumeration of spanning trees. A combinatorial analysis is then used to obtain the link assortment arrays and categorize them into families. Based on the parent graphs and spanning trees, the geared graphs are generated for each family. For simplicity, the steps of the newly developed genetically compatible graphing method are applied to 5-link, 1-DOF planetary gear trains. The synthesis steps are programmed in MATLAB.

2023, Blucher Engineering Proceedings

2023

W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono wszerzwszerzalgorytm doboru optymalnej liczby zębów kół zębatych walcowych złożonej przekładni biplanetarnej. Wzór na przełożenie kinematyczne przekładni biplanetarnej walcowej uzyskano wykorzystując wzór Willisa. W procesie systematycznego przeszukiwania zastosowano algorytm generowania indukcyjnych drzew decyzyjnych, bazujących na przyroście entropii jako metody związanej z uczeniem maszynowym. W przeszukiwaniu drzew przeprowadza się serie testów wykonanych w określonej kolejności. Kolejną metodą może być zastosowanie procesu przeszukiwania w głąb i wszerz.

2023, Applied Engineering Letters : Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences

2023, Mechanism and Machine Theory

This paper provides geometric insight into the duality between the first-order kinematics of gear trains and the statics of beam systems. The two devices have inherent geometrical relationships that will allow the angular velocities of the gears in a gear train to be investigated from a knowledge of the forces acting on the beams of the dual beam system, and vice versa. The primary contribution of the paper is the application of this duality to obtain the dual beam system for a given compound planetary gear train, and vice versa. The paper develops a systematic procedure to transform between the first-order kinematics of a gear train and the statics of the dual beam system. This procedure provides a simple and intuitive approach to study the speed ratios of a planetary gear train and the force ratios of the dual beam system. The speed ratios are expressed in terms of kinematic coefficients, which are a function of the position of the input gear and provide insight into the geometry of the gear train. Two numerical examples of simple and compound planetary gear trains are presented to demonstrate the simplicity of the proposed approach. A third example is included to illustrate the systematic procedure to transform from a given beam system to a planetary gear train. The examples take advantage of the principle that the speed ratios for gearing are dual to the force ratios for beam systems, and vice versa.

2023

Analysis of the CVT Efficiency by Simulation All vehicle manufacturers desire an ideal vehicle that has the highest powertrain efficiency, best safety factor and ease of maintenance while being environmentally friendly. These highly valued vehicle development characteristics are only reachable after countless research hours. One major powertrain component to be studied in relation to these demands is the Continuous Variable Transmission that a Hybrid Electric Vehicle is equipped with. The CVT can increase the overall powertrain efficiency, offering a continuum variable gear ratios between established minimum and maximum limits. This paper aims to determine the losses of a CVT, operating on a HEV. Using simulation, the losses were computed and the fuel economy was analyzed. During various modes of operation, such as electric, regenerative braking, engine charge for maintaining the battery state of charge, the losses and their dependence with the control properties were analyzed. A relevant determination of precise losses is able to reduce them by using appropriate materials for their components and fluids, more efficient technical manufacturing and usage solutions and innovative control strategy.

2023, Applied Engineering Letters

2023, Acta Polytechnica Hungarica

In the last decade student teams at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Debrecen have designed and constructed several race cars with alternative (electric or pneumatic) drives and took part and achieved successes in domestic and international competitions. For more successful racing a simulation program has been developed in Matlab for the calculation of the vehicle dynamic functions of the cars from their technical data. Currently, it has become a prerequisite of successful racing because of the large number of the possible values of technical data we can select the optimal ones by applying the above program combined with an optimizing procedure. The detailed description of the developed dynamic model and simulation program, together with the vehicle dynamics functions generated by the program are presented here. The description of the optimizing procedure will be presented elsewhere.

2023

Design and construction of linear structures for transport like road or railway lines in areas with active or historical deep mining operations is always challenging due to various additional influential geotechnical data which needs to be considered. Surface subsidence and its negative impact on road geometry over time needs to be compensated by protection systems designed and implemented prior to time when real influence occurs. Linear or non-linear deformations are one of the most critical parameters to be overlooked at design stage. Also use of mining materials for construction of embankments as alternative to natural soils brings additional challenges and need for good identification of all geotechnical parameters of such material. As Silesia is region with one of the most concentrated deep coal mining activity in Europe problem of constructing safe and environmental friendly infrastructure is always critical. This paper discusses selected aspects of geotechnical practice imple...

2023, Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport

In the present paper, planetary automatic transmission is modeled by means of contour graphs. The goals of modeling could be versatile: ratio calculating via algorithmic equation generation, analysis of velocity and accelerations. The exemplary gears running are analyzed, several drives/gears are consecutively taken into account discussing functional schemes, assigned contour graphs and generated system of equations and their solutions. The advantages of the method are: algorithmic approach, general approach where particular drives are cases of the generally created model. Moreover, the method allows for further analyzes and synthesis tasks e.g. checking isomorphism of design solutions.

2023

Streszczenie W artykule przedstawiono przegląd stosowanych obecnie w samochodach konstrukcji łoĪyskowaĔ piast kół jezdnych. W oparciu o schematy i rysunki omówiono ich budowĊ, zasadĊ działania oraz zaprezentowano przykłady wdroĪonych do produkcji rozwiązaĔ. Wskazano kierunki ewolucji konstrukcji łoĪyskowaĔ piast. Omówiono wady i zalety stosowanych rozwiązaĔ. WPROWADZENIE Historia rozwiązaĔ konstrukcyjnych osadzenia koła pojazdu na osi praktycznie zaczyna siĊ od momentu wynalezienia koła. Początkowo szerokie, pełne koła osadzano bezpoĞrednio na czopach. Próby obniĪenia masy pojazdu poprzez zmniejszenie szerokoĞci wieĔców kół wymusiły koniecznoĞü zastosowania piasty. Pozostawał jednak problem duĪych oporów toczenia. W celu zmniejszenia tarcia wĊzeł piasta-czop smarowano. Jako substancji smarnej uĪywano np. łoju baraniego. Od XV do XIX wieku w Polsce stosowano oleistą, brunatną substancjĊ zwaną dziegciem. Na początku rozwoju motoryzacji w konstrukcjach osadzenia kół jezdnych samochodów wzorowano siĊ na powozach konnych. Koła jezdne osadzane były na osiach przy pomocy piast wyposaĪonych w łoĪyska Ğlizgowe. Szybko okazało siĊ, Īe przy wiĊkszych prĊdkoĞciach trwałoĞü tego typu łoĪyskowania jest niedostateczna, a opory ruchu nadal zbyt duĪe. Rozwiązaniem było zastosowanie piasty-początkowo całego koła szprychowego innego, prĊĪnie rozwijającego siĊ Ğrodka transportu-roweru. Przykład takiego rozwiązania przedstawiono na rys. 1. [1]

2023, Mining Science

Zgodnie z polityką ograniczania zużycia energii (i związanej z tym emisji CO 2), na rynku Unii Europejskiej od 1992 r. są stosowane etykiety efektywności energetycznej dla wielu wyrobów AGD. Koncepcja oznaczania etykietami energochłonności (A, B,..,G) obiektów zużywających energię została rozszerzona na samochody i budynki. Konieczność zwiększenia efektywności energetycznej dotyka też przemysł, toteż jest celowe by przystąpić do etykietowania energochłonności maszyn i urządzeń przemysłowych. Odstawa urobku w górnictwie zużywa do 50% łącznej energii systemu eksploatacji. Oprócz samochodów (które już częściowo podlegają klasyfikacji w zakresie energochłonności), podstawowym urządzeniem transportowym w górnictwie jest przenośnik taśmowy. Autorzy proponują zatem podjęcie prac nad opracowaniem i wprowadzeniem etykiet efektywności energetycznej dla przenośników pracujących w dużych systemach transportowych. W artykule przedstawiono wstępne koncepcje i wyniki oznaczenia energooszczędności taśm przenośnikowych w zależności od badanych parametrów okładki bieżnej taśmy. W obliczeniach przenośnika wykorzystano metodę oporów jednostkowych w programie QNK-TT.

2023, Applied Engineering Letters

2023, Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport

2023, Blucher Engineering Proceedings

2023

Obserwowany wzrost liczby samochodów wyposażonych w przekładnie o przełożeniu zmiennym w sposób ciągły [2], [3], skłania do szczegółowej analizy własności ruchowych jakie wykazuje samochód przy takiej koncepcji układu przeniesienia napędu. W opracowaniu uwagę skupiono na procesie rozpędzania samochodu, porównując jego przebieg przy ciągłej i stopniowej zmianie przełożenia w układzie przeniesienia napędu.

2023, SAE International eBooks

2023, Blucher Engineering Proceedings

2022, 22nd Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation

In this paper, the kinematic structure of the geared robotic mechanism (GRM) is investigated with the aid of two different methods which are based on directed graphs and the methods are compared. One of the methods is Matroid Method developed by Talpasanu and the other method is Tsai-Tokad (T-T) Graph method developed by Uyguroglu and Demirel. It is shown that the kinematic structure of the geared robotic mechanism can be represented by directed graphs and angular velocity equations of the mechanisms can be systematically obtained from the graphs. The advantages and disadvantages of both methods are demonstrated relative to each other. B. INTRODUCTION Kinematic and dynamic analysis of mechanical systems have been well established by using graph theory in recent years. Non-oriented and oriented graphs were used for this purpose. Nonoriented graph technique is mainly used for the kinematic analysis of robotic bevel-gear trains [1]-[4]. The oriented graph technique has been used for electrical circuits and other types of lumped physical systems including mechanical systems in one-dimensional motion since the early sixties [5]-[8]. Chou et al. [9] used these techniques to three-dimensional systems. Recently, Tokad developed a systematic approach, the so called Network Model Approach, for the formulation of three dimensional mechanical systems [10], and Uyguroglu and Tokad extended this approach for the kinematic and dynamic analysis of spatial robotic bevel-gear trains [11]. Most recently the oriented and non-oriented graph techniques were compared by Uyguroglu and Demirel [12], and the advantages of the oriented graph over the non-oriented graph were demonstrated using the kinematic analysis of bevel-gear trains. In order to overcome the weaknesses of the methods developed by Tsai and Tokad, both method were combined and the so called T-T Graph method was introduced []. On the other hand, Talpasanu et al. [] developed Matroid Method for the kinematic analysis of geared mechanisms based on directed graph as well. In this paper the kinematic structures of the GRM is investigated with the aid of Matroid Method and T-T Graph method. Since both methods are used directed graph, the similarities and the differences are shown and the advantages of each system are indicated. C. Geared Robotic Mechanism GRMs are closed-loop configurations which are used to reduce the mass and inertia of the actuators' loads. Gear trains in GRMs are employed such that actuators can be placed as closely as possible to the base. Figure 1 shows functional schematic of the GRM. It has 3 Degree of Freedom (i.e. it has 3 inputs) and the end-effector can have spatial motion (3 Dimensional) because this mechanism can generate two rotations about two intersected axes and one rotation of end-effector about its axis. In this mechanism 4, 5, and 6 are sun gears (input links), 1 and 2

2022, applied engineering letters

2022

Drive System Design (DSD) has worked on over major 30 electric vehicle (EV) transmission projects over the past 7 years. This paper contains the main learning over that period. Included are insights into why transmissions are needed in electric vehicles and whether transmissions need to have single or multiple speeds. Also covered are common design issues including input spline fretting, methods for low noise gear design and powertrain mounting options.

2022, Applied Engineering Letters

2022, ATZ worldwide

The world's first 7-speed automatic transmission, the W7A700 from Mercedes-Benz, is called 7G-Tronic. In September 2003, the Mercedes Car Group set another milestone in the field of transmissions by introducing the fifth generation of automatic transmissions developed and manufactured in-house since 1960. The new automatic transmission features in the S, SL, CL and E-Classes with V8 gasoline engines. Deduced from the demands of the requirement specifications, the 5-speed automatic transmission was decisively improved; the result is a clear increase in spontaneity, agility, fuel economy, and driving comfort. And because of the harmony between the vehicle and its powertrain, excellent results in the areas of performance, reduced emissions, comfort, and acoustics are obtained.

2022

The epicyclical gear trains or planetary of gear trains (PGTs) are transmission systems of high complexity kinematics and difficult visualization. However, its advantages are many, since they are: compact, light, allowing high reductions of speed. They are also permanently connected which gives them high trustworthiness and finally, their capacity of bifurcation and addition of power, allow multiple transmission relations. Its main application is the automatic transmission of the modern vehicles. The establishment of analysis of representation of this system is very important for its understanding because of the great variety of possibilities of configurations in the union of some PGTs and of basic types. This paper has the objective systemize and also present the diverse analysis of representation adopted by some authors and showing comparisons between them and its applications in the didactic analysis of epicyclical gear trains representations

2022, The Archives of Automotive Engineering Archiwum Motoryzacji

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań drogowych wpływu niesprawności układu jezdnego na kierowalność i stateczność ruchu pojazdu podczas manewrów rozpędzania i hamowania. Analiza dotyczyła toru jazdy, sił i momentów na kole kierowniczym oraz kątów skrętu kół przednich. Do oceny zachowania się pojazdu wykorzystano również parametr nazwany wysiłkiem kierowcy. Wpływ badanych niesprawności na momenty sił i kąty porównywano ze zbadanymi odpowiednimi wielkościami dla pojazdu sprawnego.

2022, Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport

2022, Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering

Suitable graph representation of epicyclic gear transmission systems (EGTs) and identification of such systems by means of a reliable isomorphism index are important area of research interests in the emerging field of structural enumeration of epicyclic transmission systems. A methodology to represent the EGTs based on rooted tree structure is proposed in the present work. EGTs can be represented as a kinematic chain. This work aims at deriving an isomorphism index for this kinematic chain which will be a robust identification of the underlying EGT structure. The first invariant of the link, which is the degree of the link itself, is used to express the kinematic chain of EGT in the present work.

2022, Energies

Fuel economy improvement on medium-duty tactical truck has and continues to be a significant initiative for the U.S. Army. The focus of this study is the investigation of Automated Manual Transmissions (AMT) and mild hybridization powertrain that have potential to improve the fuel economy of the 2.5-ton cargo trucks. The current platform uses a seven-speed automatic transmission. This study utilized a combination of on-road experimental vehicle data and analytical vehicle modeling and simulation. This paper presents the results of (1) establishment of a validated, high fidelity baseline analytical vehicle model, (2) modeling and simulation of two AMTs and their control strategy, (3) optimization of transmissions shift schedules, and (4) modeling and simulation of engine idle stop/start and Belt-Integrated-Starter-Generator (B-ISG) systems to improve the fuel economy. The fuel economy discrepancy between experimental average and the baseline simulation result was 2.87%. The simulation results indicated a 14.5% and 12.2% fuel economy improvement for the 10-speed and 12-speed AMT respectively. A stop/start system followed by a B-ISG mild hybrid system incorporating regenerative braking was estimated to improve fuel economy 3.39% and 10.2% respectively.

2022

Gear shifting strategy is the core of intelligent control of any automatic transmission used in modern vehicles. It directly influences the vehicle performance, drivers feel and fuel economy. This paper describes two different design methods of gear shift schedules for optimum dynamic performance and fuel economy separately. Mathematical model of vehicle driveline containing automatic transmission and other parts of vehicle is developed to evaluate the effectiveness of these methods. The developed model is simulated on European drive cycle to establish effectiveness of the derived gear shift schedule methods. Simulation results show that the designed methods are quite effective and can be used to generate gear shift schedules for automatic transmissions.

2022

2022, Mechanism and Machine Theory

Two-degrees-of-freedom gearing are key elements of any planetary gear train. Thus, the full understanding of their basic mechanics and mechanical efficiency evaluation is not only of significant theoretical interest, but important in many industrial applications. Some previous investigations on the estimation of mechanical efficiency in two-degreesof-freedom differential gearing rely upon the relationships deduced by Radzimovsky. However, to the best of authors' knowledge, a critical analysis on the validity conditions of these relationships is not available yet in technical literature. To fill the apparent gap, in this paper a broad physical interpretation of mechanical efficiency analysis of two-dof planetary gear trains is offered. The discussion allowed to outline the theoretical limits of the Radzimovsky formulas. The current approach provides three different results for the power loss of a two-input gear pair entity with the planet carrier as the output link. This leads to the conclusion that even for the same PGT and for the same input and output links the power loss has, for each valid sequence of angular velocities, a peculiar mathematical expression.

2022, Mining Science

2022

Although there are many epicyclic-type automatic transmissions in production, some of the related configurations are still far from attaining maximum sequential velocity ratios. This work in part will attempt to attain the maximum possible velocity ratios for any given epicyclic gear train. A methodology for the design of two-ring Ravigneaux-type epicyclic gear transmissions for automobiles is presented. First, based on the kinematic nomographs of the corresponding basic gear ratios, clutching-sequences are enumerated. Second, a planar-graph representation is used to arrange the desired clutches for each possible clutching sequence into the epicyclic gear mechanism. Then, with the above methods, the designs of the epicylic gear mechanisms are given for demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed methodology. Next, following the general trend of increased shift stages and a wider range of velocity ratios, new six-, seven-and eight-velocity automatic transmissions are enumerated fro...

2022, Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport

In the paper, the design and operation of the planetary cycloidal transmission have been discussed. The transmission is a synthesis of the planetary and the straight-line mechanism. The planetary mechanism is made of a planetary gear set with rollers, which is critical for the proper work of the transmission. Its basic and most important element is the planetary cycloidal gear. Influence of the parameters determining the cycloidal profile of the gear on the gear's geometry and the forces has been presented. The straight-line mechanism carrying the motion from the driving onto the driven unit of the transmission is made of the pins and bushes located in the holes of the planetary gears. The influence of the number and geometry of the elements on the forces and occuring in the holes of the planetary gears has been presented. Therefore, the properly defined geometry of the gear and of the material of which the gear is made is crucial for the safe operation of the planetary cycloida...

2022

I would also like to extend my appreciation to Royal Thai Goverment for providing financial support for my doctoral studies. I am grateful to all the teachers who taught me during the years I spent in school, first in Thailand and in the Unites States. Finally, I would like to express my deep gratitude to my parents who have encouraged and inspired me and sponsored my undergraduate and graduate studies. I also thank several of my friends who have helped me throughout my career.

2022, Combustion Engines

The use of cluster analysis method for the development of static load cycles of diesel engines in non road vehicles This paper presents a methodology of development of substitute cycle of loads of non road vehicle engines. The use of cluster analysis method made it possible to locate seven characteristic phases of Z8401.12 engine loads, which occur in typical conditions of tractor operation in the region of Pomorze Zachodnie. The author compared credibility breakdowns of the obtained results and stated that the obtained cycle of loads differs from the hitherto used static tests of non road vehicles.

2022

This study contributes to the development of a systematic methodology for the torque and power flow analyses of two-input epicyclic gear mechanisms (EGMs) with or without reaction link, based upon the concept of fundamental circuit. The studies on power flow analysis of EGMs are mostly done in the context of efficiency formulations. In the opinion of the authors, the design process of two-input mechanism involves not only finding the configuration that provides the correct velocity ratios, but also meets other dynamic and kinematic requirements and ensures that the two inputs have a mutually constructive nature. To demonstrate the analysis, a new motor/generator integrated hybrid transmission design is used to show how the torque acting on each link of an epicyclic gear train (EGT) can be systematically solved in terms of input torque(s) and/or controlled output torque. This paper presents a unification of kinematic and torque balance approaches for the analysis of two-input epicycl...