Avian Health Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2024, International Journal of Agriculture Extension and Social Development

Agricultural and animal husbandry extension has played a significant role in sustainable development and improved livelihoods of rural
people in India and many other countries. Extension activities in these sectors connect science and community to facilitate information
exchange and innovations. Such activities are regularly carried out in scientific manner for livestock animal owners; however, species other
than livestock animals such as birds, pet reptiles, dogs, cats etc. are also important to their owners. Their health status and impact on public
health depend on basic husbandry and healthcare practices adopted by owners or caretakers. Pet birds kept in rural and urban areas are
subject to thorough investigations by researchers which is possible by conducting field level surveys and extension activities. So far, there is
a paucity in available published literature on basic care and management of many pet birds in different states of India. Cockatiel is one such
exotic pet bird commonly kept in rural and urban households in different states. The present investigation was planned to observe current
trends in basic husbandry practices adopted by different owners and sellers of Cockatiels in different areas of Gujarat. A total of 124
Cockatiels including 48 kept by 07 different sellers and 76 kept by 14 different owners were screened during the period of study. A proforma
was developed to record different management practices by directly interviewing the owners and sellers. The findings of the study were
correlated with possible impacts on health status of Cockatiels. The observations recorded in the present study will provide strong baseline
data on existing management practices and create awareness among owners, sellers and budding veterinarians to manage many
managemental health issues in Cockatiels.

2024, AFA Watchbird

All our cages feature the following: Beautiful hand rubbed oil finish. choice of oak or walnut construction; specially coated antique gold or satin black wide panels (designed to assure that your bird has no access to any interior wood surfaces); easy to clean pull-out tray. Shipped unassembled with easy assembly instructions included. Cabinets available for some models. Write or call for information about our full line of products.

2024

Of the five species of tragopans found in Asia, the Western Tragopan, Tragopan melanocephalus, has the westernmost distribution. In the past, Western Tragopans ranged from Swat in Pakistan to Garhwal in India but were generally considered rare and localized in distribution . Due to a decline within the last century, the species has been given endangered status. Reasons for this decline include destruction of habitat by humans and livestock, egg collecting, hunting for food , and trapping by local villagers. The total world population in 1982 has been estimated at 5,000 birds.

2024, International Journal of Agriculture Extension and Social Development

Agricultural and animal husbandry extension has played a significant role in sustainable development and improved livelihoods of rural people in India and many other countries. Extension activities in these sectors connect science and community to facilitate information exchange and innovations. Such activities are regularly carried out in scientific manner for livestock animal owners; however, species other than livestock animals such as birds, pet reptiles, dogs, cats etc. are also important to their owners. Their health status and impact on public health depend on basic husbandry and healthcare practices adopted by owners or caretakers. Pet birds kept in rural and urban areas are subject to thorough investigations by researchers which is possible by conducting field level surveys and extension activities. So far, there is a paucity in available published literature on basic care and management of many pet birds in different states of India. Cockatiel is one such exotic pet bird commonly kept in rural and urban households in different states. The present investigation was planned to observe current trends in basic husbandry practices adopted by different owners and sellers of Cockatiels in different areas of Gujarat. A total of 124 Cockatiels including 48 kept by 07 different sellers and 76 kept by 14 different owners were screened during the period of study. A proforma was developed to record different management practices by directly interviewing the owners and sellers. The findings of the study were correlated with possible impacts on health status of Cockatiels. The observations recorded in the present study will provide strong baseline data on existing management practices and create awareness among owners, sellers and budding veterinarians to manage many managemental health issues in Cockatiels.

2024, Companion Animal

water availability). GENERAL DESCRIPTION A member of the parrot family with size and general appearance typical of a parakeet (long pointed wings and tail, compact beak) and yet an erectile crest on the forehead typical of the cockatoo family, with which it is currently classed. In the wild, males are grey with white markings on the wings and bright orange cheek patch. Various colour mutations exist, with common ones including lutino, pied, pearl and white-faced. Many varieties are sexually dimorphic and Table 1 provides information on sex determination in the various mutations. Noisy and dusty, but sociable as pets.

2024, Journal of Poultry Sciences and Avian Diseases

This study discusses the significant role of lipids in liver functional disorders, emphasizing their impact on metabolic processes and the evaluation of organism and cell function. Hepatic lipidosis, observed across various species, including birds, results from an imbalance in fatty acid metabolism. The study focuses on a case presentation of a laying hen with severe respiratory symptoms and abdominal distension, diagnosed with hepatic lipidosis due to an inappropriate high-fat diet. Diagnostic methods include clinical examinations, blood tests, radiology, and ultrasonography. Treatment involves atorvastatin, furosemide, and dietary adjustments, resulting in a complete recovery. The discussion highlights the metabolic aspects of hepatic lipidosis in laying hens and the challenges in diagnosing pet birds, suggesting biochemical tests and ultrasonography. Additionally, the article explores the application of atorvastatin in treating hyperlipidemia in birds and emphasizes the importance of maintaining a healthy liver in actively egg-laying birds. Our study and experiences have shown that, alongside chemical compounds, herbal compounds can also be utilized for optimal liver health.

2024, Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Hepatic lipidosis and hernia are problems that can occur in pet birds due to different causes. Aspergillosis is also an important disease of pet birds. This article reports an interesting case which, to our knowledge, is the first one in Iran. A 7-year-old male common mynah was presented to the clinic of avian diseases at the University of Tehran, Tehran City, Iran, with a history of severe dyspnea, anorexia, feeding with a high-energy diet, and recently been in the northern parts of Iran. Unfortunately, the bird died. Necropsy was done to diagnose the cause of death. Tissue samples from abdominal viscera, lungs, and air sacs were collected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Bacterial cultures from the liver and bone marrow were performed on blood and MacConkey agars. In the external carcass examination, the abdominal swelling, hernia, and yellow discoloration under the skin were obvious. At necropsy, the liver was enlarged with yellowish discoloration. There was also a high amount of fat around the abdominal viscera. Microscopically, fatty change, hepatocellular necrosis, and hemorrhages were seen in the liver. There were also vegetative forms of Aspergillus on the lung's parenchyma and air sacs. No bacterial growth was observed. Pet birds are usually restricted to a cage by minimal contact with other birds; thus, diseases related to management are common among these birds. So keeping in suitable conditions with an appropriate, balanced diet is important for their health.

2024, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Lactate is a metabolite produced during anaerobic glycolysis for ATP resynthesis, which accumulates during hypoxia and muscle contraction. Tobacco smoking significantly increases blood lactate. Here we conducted a counter-balanced crossover study to examine whether this effect is associated with inhaling nicotine or burned carbon particles. Fifteen male smokers (aged 23 to 26 years) were randomized into 3 inhalation conditions: tobacco smoking, nicotine vaping, and nicotine-free vaping, conducted two days apart. An electronic thermal evaporator (e-cigarette) was used for vaping. We have observed an increased blood lactate (+62%, main effect: p < 0.01) and a decreased blood glucose (−12%, main effect: p < 0.05) during thermal air inhalations regardless of the content delivered. Exercise-induced lactate accumulation and shuttle run performance were similar for the 3 inhalation conditions. Tobacco smoking slightly increased the resting heart rate above the two vaping conditions (...

2023, Acta Veterinaria Brasilica

The aim of this work was to describe an eyelid neoplasm in wild birds, since the veterinary literature has little information concerning the aspects of the oncologic clinic in wild species. In the clinical exam, it was observed a single mass in the upper right eyelid of the Pheugopedius genibarbis a, with rough surface, cauliflower aspect, of dark-red coloration. For the histopathological diagnosis, an incisional biopsy of the lesion was done , with the fragment fixed in 10% buffered neutral formalin, processed by the method of inclusion in paraffin , cut to 4µm sections and stained with H&E. The histopathological findings revealed elongated dermal papillae covered by acanthotic epidermis, as well as thickness of the stratum spinosum. In the stratum spinosum, it was observed the presence of cells with vacuolated cytoplasm and nucleus slightly dislocated to the center of the cell, which increases in proportion when closer to the granular layer, an indication of hydropic degeneration, there were In the basal layer it is possible to notice the presence of the normal mitotic figures. Based on the macro and microscopic characteristics, that neoplasm was diagnosed as an eyelid papilloma.

2023, AFA Watchbird

The Seychelles are a group of granitic and coral islands situated about 300 miles south of the Equator. Their avifauna is fascinating. It can be divided into three groups: the introduced species which comprise the most common land birds (e.g., common mynahs and barred ground doves); the seabirds, some of them counted in millions, on the outlying islands, the migrants; and the endemic species. Almost without exceptlOn the latter tl}e Black Farrots of FrasliQ

2023, Animals

In the UK, owning wild animals as exotic pets has become a popular habit in recent decades, but information on the scale of the trade and the diversity of animals involved is lacking. We summarised the licensed sale of amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals as exotic pets in the UK, identifying geographical hotspots of trader activity, data gaps, and compliance issues related to this trade. We found that the maximum numbers of exotic pets permitted for sale included 54,634 amphibians, 64,810 reptiles, 23,507 birds, and 6479 mammals, and nearly 2000 pet traders located in 283 different local authority areas had permission to sell exotic pets in 2019. Given the scope and scale of the industry at this point in time, our study highlights compliance issues of concern, and draws attention to the lack of detailed information held on UK pet shop licences, all of which have the potential to hinder efforts to safeguard animal welfare.

2023, Frontiers in Veterinary Science

Pangolins are the world's most trafficked non-human mammals. A significant number of Temminck's pangolins (Smutsia temminckii) are presented for veterinary care and rehabilitation in southern Africa. Little is known about the physiology and normal health of this species, making diagnosis and medical management difficult. This study aimed to establish reference intervals (RIs) for hematology and plasma clinical chemistry in the Temminck's pangolin. RIs were generated according to international guidelines using samples from 27 healthy free-living (n = 18) and rehabilitated (n = 9) pangolins. Hematology was performed using the Abaxis VetScan HM5 analyzer with manual differentials; clinical chemistry was performed using heparin plasma on the Abaxis VetScan VS2 and Cobas Integra 400 Plus analyzers. Hematology RIs were:

2023, Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Pathology

Osteosarcoma is a malignant primary tumor of the bone, which is considered rare in birds. This report describes an osteoblastic osteosarcoma in a scarlet macaw (Ara macao), which was apathetic with progressive weight loss, and had a tumor in the distal portion of the femur and proximal tibiotarsus with ulcerated pododermatitis in the contralateral limb. Euthanasia was elected due to poor diagnosis after radiographic and cytological examination. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry were performed and confirmed the diagnosis of an osteoblastic osteosarcoma with hepatic and pulmonary metastases.

2023, Turkish Veterinary Journal

The aim of this study was to determine the type of lesions in birds referred to the clinic with the complaint of beak deformity, the potential presence of the lesions among the bird species, and the possible causes of the lesions and to report what treatment should be applied. Twenty-six individuals from several bird species with broken and abnormal beak deformities in the beak were presented to our clinics. Different forms of beak deformities were observed, and the causes of some of the lesions were determined as unknown. Beak lesions in wild birds were mostly traumatic fractures, whereas cage birds had parasitic infections and abnormal beak elongation due to nutritional disorders. Treatment protocols appropriate for the region of the beak, severity of the lesion, underlying cause, and type of bird were determined.

2023, Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Pathology

Squamous cell carcinoma, a malignant epithelial neoplasm originating from the epidermis squamous cells or the digestive mucosa epithelium, was diagnosed in an adult rooster. The rooster was lethargic and presented difficulties in swallowing. Physical examination revealed a large deep mass in the cranial cervical region. Due to poor prognosis, the bird was euthanized and then post mortem examined. Grossly, in the oral portion of the esophagus, there was a mass invading and partially occluding the lumen. Microscopically, the mass had neoplastic cells interconnected by evident desmosomes junctions and keratin pearl formations. Microscopic findings confirmed the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma. This neoplasia is an important differential diagnosis for esophageal lesions in birds. There are various carcinogens for squamous cell carcinoma such as sunlight, virus, some chemicals and chronic wounds, the last one being a possible cause of the squamous cell carcinoma in this rooster as no evidence of other etiologies were found.

2023, AFA Watchbird

beams uspended from the ceiling. Each flight has a privacy panel so that pair in the next flight cannot observe and annoy the adjacent breeding pair. Perches are 2 x 4 pine which are slipped into metal slots attached to the side of the cage. One perch provides acce s to the nestbox hole, located at the back of the cage. The front perch allows the pair easy access to the stainless steel bowls containing food and water, hung on the inner front of the cage. Nest boxes for smaller psittacines or birds that are not heavy chewers are of pine, made in the boot configuration. These boxes are hung inside the This breeding pair of cockatoos has set up house keeping in a large metal barrel. Plenty ofwood is providedfor them for chewing but this nest box doesn Jt suffer. The Seattle} WA area can be a lot of damp and cold. The Wrights J birds enjoy the protected shelter of enclosed buildings. To aid with clean-up and maintenance of sanitary conditions} all breeding cages are suspended on chains from the ceiling. Feeding time will be followed by clean-up time for this hand fed youngster.

2023, Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice

Various novel reference intervals have been published in recent years regarding multiple avian, small mammal, fish, reptile, and amphibian species. The effect of specific diseases and environmental factors on hematological, biochemical, acute phase protein, and novel biomarker results has been studied in many exotic species. The use of mobile applications is proving useful as a tool in veterinary clinical pathology (eg, in the case of blood smear analysis).

2023, Clinical Theriogenology

Reproductive tract disease is a commonplace in avian practice, particularly among female birds. Unique anatomy and physiology of the avian reproductive tract results in a highly productive but poorly accessible organ system. Affected hens are commonly presented with nonspecific lethargy, coelomic swelling and sometimes laying abnormal eggs. Reproductive diseases are less common in male birds; however, they are well described. Although many reproductive tract diseases can be managed medically, there is a definite need for surgical intervention in some cases. Because of internal location, various disease processes and even normal physiologic processes can dramatically alter patient presentations. For this reason, a clear understanding of avian female anatomy and male reproductive tracts is vital to diagnose and treat disorders. This manuscript focuses on recognition and treatment (emphasizing surgical management) of avian reproductive tract diseases. Because of the unique avian reproductive anatomy and frequent need for surgical correction of disorders, the organization of the manuscript starts with descriptions of coelom and basic surgical principles.

2023, Poultry

Point-of-care analyzers such as the Vetscan VS2 (VS2) that provide fast results are becoming an important tool in a variety of clinical and research settings. Several studies have explored the use of the VS2 to evaluate blood chemistry values in chickens; however, the VS2 analyzer has not yet been tested in turkeys. The first objective of this study was to utilize the VS2 to evaluate possible time-dependent changes in biochemical blood analytes over time, such as glucose, calcium, or sodium. Blood samples from 30 turkeys were analyzed with the VS2 at three time points (0, 15–20, and 40–60 min post collection), and it was found that the blood biochemistry values were stable when stored at 4 °C and analyzed within 60 min of collection. Next, we assessed the agreement between the VS2 portable analyzer and the reference benchtop analyzer (Cobas c501) and found that all of the blood analytes were comparable between both analyzers. Finally, we determined reference intervals using 120 bloo...

2023

Female breeding tract disease is common in small psittacine clinical practice. The author makes a brief introduction to these issues, followed by a case report. In the latest, it is described the surgical resolution of oviduct impaction in a female budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus). Resumo: A patologia reprodutiva é frequente nas fêmeas de Psitaciformes de pequeno porte. No artigo, é feita uma breve abordagem às alterações que podem ser encontradas em clínica destas espécies, seguida da apresentação dum caso de impactação do oviducto numa fêmea de periquito ondulado (Melopsittacus undulatus), com especial destaque para a resolução cirúrgica do processo.

2023

Informed consent form signed by the animal´s owners

2023

Attractive, diminutive, easy to breed and easy to care for, Gloster canaries are one of the most in-demand type of canaries today. Lacking the in-depth history of many canary varieties, the Gloster canary is a fairly new phenomenon, first a pp~aring on the British show bench in the 1920's. In a crossing of rollers, cresteds and borders, Mrs. Rogerson is credited for starting the Gloster fancy further popularized by active show enthusiasts of the time. Mrs. Rogerson hailed from Gloucestershire County, hence the name Gloster for the type. Glosters come in two compatible types; the corona or crested bird and the consort without a crest. Either male or female can have the crest - but a crest must be bred to a non-crest - a corona to a consort. Breeding crest to crest can cause not only undesirable visual damage but may cause damage to the cranial bone structure and produce a lethal gene combination where chicks will die in the shell or shortly after hatching. The ideal Gloster shoul...

2023

According to Edwards' "Guide to Finding Birds in Mexico'' all one must do to observe nesting Mexican crows, Corvus imparatus, is to drive 290 miles south of Brownsville, Texas to the city of Mante. At the " southern edge of Mante, turn east on highway 80 towards Tampico and proceed until you reach a big steel-framed bridge, over the Rio Guayalejo, about 17 miles from the road junction:' During the latter part of summer Mexican crows nest in the bridge framework. Having made numerous trips into northeastern Mexico 1 was very much familiar with their resident crow. Inhabiting disturbed areas from northern Tamaulipas (once in a while it is observed in the Brownsville, Texas dump) and west into 0-Nuevo Leon and San Luis Potosi, the crow's range extends south only partially into the state of Veracruz. Although it has a rather restricted range, 5: the species is frequently observed along highways and in villages. For a number of years, during the crow 's ...

2023, Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation

2023, Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine

2023, Ciência Rural

Chondrosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal tumor in which the neoplastic cells produce cartilaginous matrix and is uncommonly described in birds. This report describes the clinical and pathological findings of one case of chondrosarcoma in a blue-fronted parrot (Amazona aestiva). Macroscopically a 3.6x3.5x1.8cm, nodular, ulcerated, and firm mass was identified in the dorsal synsacrum. Microscopically, the mass was composed of a monomorphic proliferation of pleomorphic spindle chondrocytes with abundant cartilaginous matrix, consistent with chondrosarcoma

2023, Frontiers in Veterinary Science

2022

Em bovinos, tumores abdominais que levam à obstrução intestinal parcial ou total são raros. Neste relato, descrevemos os achados clínico-patológicos de duas vacas com obstrução intestinal por neoplasias. Uma vaca mestiça apresentava apatia, perda de peso, constipação, enoftalmia, hipomotilidade ruminal e intestinal e distensão abdominal no quadrante ventral direito. O exame patológico revelou teratoma ovariano bilateral. O outro caso foi uma vaca que, nos últimos 2 anos, teve episódios de carcinoma de células escamosas na terceira pálpebra e vulva. Durante 6 dias antes da investigação, foram observados constipação e tenesmo. Massas nodulares e friáveis foram localizados na vulva, terceira pálpebra direita e cranial ao rim direito, que foram identificadas como carcinoma metastático pouco diferenciado do córtex adrenal. Ao nosso conhecimento, estes são os primeiros relatos de teratoma ovariano e carcinoma adrenal causando sinais clínicos de obstrução intestinal em bovinos.In cattle, a...

2022, Lucrări Științifice - Medicină Veterinară, Universitatea de Științe Agricole și Medicină Veterinară "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iași

In the past years the cockatiel parrot as pet has risen in number and consequently the pathology related to captivity conditions increased. The present paper describes a lipoma case in cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus), a female age 5years old with a formation located in left wing, carpal region. Following clinical exam, the 1x1.5cm tumoral formation was identiffid and surgical excision was recomanded. The owner refuzed the surgergical procedure and returned after 2 months with the bird accusing a deteriorated condition and enlarged tumor measureing 2x3cm. After cockatiel death the tumor was examined histopathologically. The final diagnostic was benign tumor well delimitated by surrounding tissues-a lipoma located in subcutaneous tissue from left carpal region.

2022, The effects of tobacco use on birds. Revised Sept. 10, 2022. Includes Handout for Bird Owners Who Smoke

Tobacco products are severely detrimental to birds. They are proven to cause not only respiratory distress and disease, but they are also responsible for illnesses in every other body system. Second-and third-hand smoke are the most common causes of tobacco-related diseases; however, other forms of tobacco and nicotine products cause damage as well--damage that includes injury to the cardio-vascular system, respiratory system, feathers, integument, and gastrointestinal system. Unless the disease is too advanced, removal of the bird from the toxic environment, along with medical management, will usually result in a resolution of the clinical signs and healing of damaged tissue.

2022, Journal of the South African Veterinary Association

2022, Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

Undifferentiated carcinoma of the pancreas is a malignant neoplasm that is uncommon among domestic species, especially cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus), one of the most popular birds kept as a pet throughout the world. The aim of this study was to describe the occurrence of an undifferentiated carcinoma in the pancreas of a cockatiel. A bird, an adult male that died naturally with swelling in the abdominal region, was referred to necropsy. Macroscopic examination showed poor body condition, the coelomic cavity filled with liquid and a white mass attached to the pancreas and other smaller masses attached to the duodenum. Tissue samples and organs were harvested and fixed in 10% buffered formalin, then routinely processed for histopathology and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Microscopic analysis demonstrated an epithelial neoplasia with a predominantly solid pattern, lymphatic invasion and involvement of the intestinal serous membrane. These findings indicate the occurrence of ...

2022, Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies

Avian bumblefoot or ulcerative pododermatitis is a term used to denote inflammatory, infectious or degenerative conditions of the avian foot and can cause mild swelling and redness to ulceration of the planter surfaces of feet and toes. This report documents the clinical case of a rescued Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) which was diagnosed with bumblefoot based on the clinical observations. The Rock Pigeon was successfully treated and eventually released using a therapeutic treatment protocol involving systemic antibiotic administration, local antibiotic application, bandaging of the affected portion with supportive therapy. This case report describes the successful therapeutic management of ulcerative pododermatitis or bumblefoot in a Pigeon.

2022, Wildlife Rehabilitation Bulletin

Nodular skin lesions often are observed in passerines presenting to wildlife rehabilitators. Although these lesions may appear grossly similar, their etiologies can be highly diverse, which confounds appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Presented here is a case series describing similar nodular skin lesions caused by avipoxvirus, aspergillosis, and follicular cysts, with the purpose of alerting rehabilitators to the variety of disease processes that can lead to grossly similar lesions and to the diagnostics available for their differentiation. Accurate diagnosis is expected to lead to more appropriate and targeted therapeutic protocols and improved prognoses.

2022, Hand-raised or Parent-raised: Which is Better for the Birds?

Birds, like any other animal, thrive as adults when the parents have raised them to abundance weaning and fledging. The trend of hand-rearing began in the 1980’s when thousands of birds were taken from their habitats and placed around the world. In most countries, hand-raising because the acceptable method of breeding since the parents weren’t tame, and breeders feared they would not know how to raise the chicks in captivity. It has done irreparable damage to both the parents and chicks over the decades. Breeders need to allow the parents to once again take charge of the rearing of their chicks, which is much easier on the humans as well.

2022, The Importance Of Removing Leg Bands On Birds

Abstract: Removal of leg bands on pet birds is critically important in order to avoid the tragedy of having the bird suffer or even die from damage to the leg and foot. Bands can catch on toys or cage parts, cut into the bird’s leg and foot, cause the bird to self-mutilate or even chew off his own leg to be rid of the band. Today, there are alternatives to keeping the band on after purchase or adoption; one of them is microchipping. It is done by an avian veterinarian. Others are discussed in the paper.

2022, Journal of Veterinary Anatomy

Parrot population in Africa is declining and the need for conservation actions to address threats is increasingly recognized. The situation is worst in Nigeria and if care is not taken, this species of bird will soon go into instinct. The essence of this study was to obtain a database of some body organs of the wild Senegal parrot, a species of bird that is limited in its distribution in this part of the country. Documentation on this species of bird is rare despite they are being hunted for because of its demand as ornamental bird. The mean weights (whole body, gastrointestinal tract (GIT), content and GIT empty) were observed to be 120.50 ± 5.42 g, 18.01 ± 4.80 g and 13.54 ± 5.51 respectively. The liver had mean weight of 4.18 ± 1.82 while the tongue, lower respiratory system (LRS), heart and kidney were observed to be, 2.76 ± 2.14 g, 5.83 ± 1.65, 1.81 ± 0.65 and 0.41 ± 0.05 g. The mean length (whole body + tail) were observed to be 9.85 ± 1.20 cm. The mean lengths (GIT, liver tongue and LRS) were 82.62 ± 2.36 cm, 4.33 ± 1.82 cm, 2.04 ± 0.99 cm and 12.69 ± 2.10 cm respectively with GIT and LRS accounting for 76.93 % and 19.97 % of the body weight. The syrinx is very large suggesting pronounced sound production and the large intestine is void of cecum.

2022, Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Pathology

2022

An adult Carneau White Pigeon with a large mass (swelling) on its right shank (proximal region) was referred to the Surgery and Radiology unit of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital University of Maiduguri. A plain radiograph of the affected limb revealed a circumscribed noninvasive mass. Histopathology revealed hemangioma. Hemangioma rarely occurs in pigeon compared to other bird species. Differential leukocyte count showed slightly elevated lymphocytes level. Surgical intervention using local anesthesia (Bupivacaine) was carried out. Skin was sutured using surgical gut yielding a desirable result, recovery was fast and uneventful.

2022

The earliest known captive pet birds were from the parrot family. Budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) were first seen alive in Europe in 1840, and over the next 40 years many tens of thousands were imported from Australia. From the naturally found, predominantly green-coloured, yellow-faced bird a huge variety of colors have been produced, although a red budgerigar has yet to be bred! Breeding of Budgies in Turkey returns to several years ago, but a through medical knowledge of these wonderful birds is so limited. As well teaching of exotic medicine in veterinary faculties is confined, but quantity of referring sick budgies to veterinary clinics grows more and more. So investigation of visiting reasons in faculties' clinic as a epidemiological study can be help to diagnosis of bugies' diseases. In our clinic examination procedure of budgies is consisted of clinical examination, rediography examination of whole body in LL and VD projections. Tentative and main diagnosis mostly is done according to these procedures.

2022

Bu cali s mada, fakultemiz kliniklerine do g du g undan beri sa g alt ve ust goz kapaklarinin olmadi g i s ikâyeti ile goz muayenesi icin sevk edilen, cinsiyeti bilinmeyen, 3 ya s li, bir sultan papa g ani rapor edilmi s tir. Alinan anamnez ve yapilan ayrintili goz muayenesi (okuler ultrasonografi) sonrasi kongenital kriptoftalmus tanisi konulmu s ve ku s un sa g goz palpebral fissuru ba s arili bir cerrahi i s lem ile duzeltilmi s tir. Bu rapor kriptoftalmusun ku s lardaki gorunumunun klinik ozellikleri ve cerrahi tedavisi hakkinda bilgi sa g lamaktadir.

2022, Acta Scientiae Veterinariae

Background : The ingestion of foreign bodies in parrots has already been described and associated with the curious behavior of the birds or with stressful conditions. Foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract are usually diagnosed through clinical signs, laboratory tests, and radiographic findings in the historical data. Foreign bodies are usually metallic and can lodge in any segment of the gastrointestinal tract, commonly found in the proventricle and gizzard. This study investigated a case of necrotizing hepatitis due to a foreign body in Ara ararauna (Linnaeus, 1758). Case : An approximately 9-month-old specimen of caninde macaw, had sudden death and was referred for autopsy. The macroscopic examination revealed a fibrous, thick, reddish membrane involving the left hepatic lobe and partially the gizzard in continuity with the peritoneum. Inside the capsule, the liver had a friable and necrotic appearance and the gizzard had a focal perforation area containing a foreign body (...

2022, Overview of Avian Geriatric Disorders with Emphasis on Psittacines

The term "geriatric" refers to old age. Determining if a bird is geriatric is based on the species’ average life expectancy. Up until more recently, there have not been enough geriatric birds of most commonly kept species available, either wild-caught or raised in captivity, to be able to study them; therefore, it had not been known at what age changes in their physical and mental health begin to occur. Although tables with lifespans have been published, other factors influence lifespans, such as nutrition, genetics, and exercise. These can either accelerate or delay changes related to aging. Consequently, geriatric, as it relates to birds, is the age at which medical conditions associated with aging are being documented and reported. As they age, birds will suffer from many of the same ailments that humans and other mammals do. Avian veterinarians are seeing more and more geriatric birds in their practices, as the larger birds which were purchased in the 1980’s and 1990’s reach the end of their lifespans, and the smaller birds, living longer than they had in the past, reach the end of their lifespans also. The illnesses they develop affect their behavior and mental states.

2022

The term "geriatric" refers to old age. Determining if a bird is geriatric is based on the species' average life expectancy. Up until more recently, there have not been enough geriatric birds of most commonly kept species available, either wild-caught or raised in captivity, to be able to study them; therefore, it had not been known at what age changes in their physical and mental health begin to occur. Although tables with lifespans have been published, other factors influence lifespans, such as nutrition, genetics, and exercise. These can either accelerate or delay changes related to aging. Consequently, geriatric, as it relates to birds, is the age at which medical conditions associated with aging are being documented and reported. As they age, birds will suffer from many of the same ailments that humans and other mammals do. Avian veterinarians are seeing more and more geriatric birds in their practices, as the larger birds which were purchased in the 1980's and 1990's reach the end of their lifespans, and the smaller birds, living longer than they had in the past, reach the end of their lifespans also. The illnesses they develop affect their behavior and mental states. Images 1, 2 This 92-year-old parrot was passed down through several generations in the same family (images courtesy Hub Pages; http://hubpages.com/animals/From-the-parrots-beak-910edition). 1.2 Rate of Senescence in Birds Bird species are strikingly long-lived compared to humans and other animals. "Many species live up to three times longer than mammals of equal body mass. The slow rates of senescence experienced by birds is a paradox.  They have very high metabolic rates, high body temperatures, and blood-glucose levels.  Their blood glucose levels are two to four-times greater than mammals.  Their lifetime energy expenditures are up to 15 times higher than those of mammals. According to current biochemical theories of aging, birds should experience accelerated tissue damage as a result of the damaging byproducts of oxidation." 2, 29 Instead, birds age more slowly and gradually because of adaptations they have developed for preventing tissue damage due to oxidation and "their unusual capacity for neuroregeneration in the brain." 2,28,29 The oxidative-damage theory suggests that "Species who are oxygen-reactive during normal oxidative metabolism processes undergo molecular changes and age-related declines. The fact that birds age slowly, despite high energy expenditures over a lifetime, suggests that birds possess special adaptive defenses against oxidative damage." 29 These adaptations allow birds to age very slowly until the end time of their lives. At that point, senescence occurs quickly. This slower rate of senescence in birds has been documented with data from those in charge of zoo populations, veterinarians who see pet birds, and aviculturists who have tagged and recaptured wild birds and followed them throughout their lives. Birds maintained in captivity experience age-related changes that are not all that different from those in mammals; these changes just occur later and more gradually in birds. 28 2 Lifespan and Longevity The average lifespan of a bird is the life expectancy for that particular species. Longevity refers to the maximum lifespan that can be expected under ideal conditions. Many birds never reach their maximum lifespans nor even get close to reaching them. According to C. Greenacre, "The lifespan of a bird depends on its species, genetic inbreeding, size, concurrent disease, diet, and environment." 20 Some of the more commonly seen geriatric diseases and conditions are arthritis, neurological disease, heart disease, neoplasia, obesity, atherosclerosis, chronic malnutrition, chronic aflatoxin exposure (carcinogenic mycotoxins, or mold-spore diseases), and cataracts. If these diseases had been caught earlier, many of the birds would have had longer lifespans. 44 Until recently, geriatric medicine has been a neglected area of avian medicine. Infectious diseases, inadequate diets, and poor care meant that most pet birds did not live long enough to develop geriatric conditions. However, as the knowledge base of avian medicine has increased, so have the lifespans of pet birds. S. Austed states that, "Most pet birds have the potential to live 20-80 years, depending on their size (larger birds live longer than smaller ones), diet (herbivores live longer than carnivores or omnivores), and socialization (highly social species live longer than solitary species)." 3 2.1 The Effect of Flight on Lifespans In birds, species that are capable of flight live considerably longer than non-flying species of similar body size. "This could be because flight enables animals to escape some of the environmental dangers they encounter, such as predators or destruction or deterioration of their 10-15 12 Image 7. Cataract and posterior synechiae (adhesions in the eye) in a thirteen-year-old canary. Wrinkling of the lid margins is also evident (image courtesy R. Korbel). 33 Images 48 and 49: 6-year-old male budgerigar with a Sertoli-cell tumor (tumor of the ovaries or testes). Note the soft tissue mass in the mid-coelom (main body cavity) and polyostotic hyperostosis (enlargement and thickening of the long bones). Red arrows point to long bones; black arrow to soft tissue mass (image courtesy H. Bowles) 7 11.9.2.2 Brown Hypertrophy of the Cere Image 50. Brown hypertrophy of the cere and beak overgrowth in a budgerigar (image courtesy Julie Burge; used with permission). Image 51: A mature male budgerigar with a progressive growth and discoloration of the cere. Brown hypertrophy of the cere is frequently encountered in older budgerigars with gonadal neoplasms. The hypertrophied tissue can be moistened with skin-softening creams and gently peeled away (image courtesy K.S. Latimer). 34 8.10.1 Species which do or do not possess a uropygial gland: 5

2022

If an "infertile" male bird, or a male whose mate is constantly, or mainly, producing infertile eggs is not showing any signs of disease, or when nothing relevant can be pointed out after a complete diagnostic process, and/or when the semen eventually collected does not contain any spermatozoa, or contains a very low number of vital sperms, a testicular biopsy can be indicated to reach a causative diagnosis. This can possibly help figuring out a treatment, and, more often giving a prognosis of the case.

2022

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2021, Arq. Bras. Med. V et. Zootec. , v.69, n.3, p.600-602, 2017

Undifferentiated carcinoma of the pancreas in a cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus): case report [Carcinoma indiferenciado de pâncreas em calopsitas (Nymphicus hollandicus): relato de caso]

2021, Procedings of the Machine Vision of Animals and their Behaviour Workshop 2015

Bird populations are an important bio-indicator; so collecting reliable data is useful for ecologists helping conserve and manage fragile ecosystems. However, existing manual monitoring methods are labour-intensive, time-consuming, and error-prone. The aim of our work is to develop a reliable system, capable of automatically classifying individual bird species in flight from videos. This is challenging, but appropriate for use in the field, since there is often a requirement to identify in flight, rather than when stationary. We present our work in progress, which uses combined appearance and motion features to classify and present experimental results across seven species using Normal Bayes classifier with majority voting and achieving a classification rate of 86%.