BIM and Construction Planning Research Papers (original) (raw)

The study examines the dimensions and components of construction safety culture and whether the application of BIM technologies to the dimensions of construction safety culture improves the safety maturity levels among construction workers. The study employed a systematic literature review and grounded theory in achieving the research objectives. The dimensions and components of construction safety culture were found to comprise of a safety management system, safety behavior, and safety climate. A bim-enabled conceptual model of construction safety culture was developed as an output of the study. The model demonstrates how the dimensions of construction safety culture change the maturity levels of safety among construction workers as enabled by BIM technologies. The model has implications for improved construction safety management practices through the use of BIM on construction projects. The study concludes with implications for practice and future research.

The impact schedule can represent delays, disruptions, or both. It is incumbent on the claims preparer to make that distinction. An impact schedule is predicated on a series or succession of events that are expected to increase overall duration or the critical path. In some cases the impact schedule reflects a reduction in overall duration. Such a document may accompany a claim for early completion, which may be compensable.

RESUMO
BIM (Building Information Modeling) são softwares e metodologias de bases de dados, em formato digital, de todos os aspectos a considerar na edificação de um projecto, permitindo a criação de um modelo visual 3D e facilitando a visualização do resultado final do projecto em estudo. Em Moçambique a utilização avançada do BIM é limitada pelos recursos financeiros e são amplamente subordinados pelas políticas governamentais, empresas com bons recursos financeiros apostam em maiores níveis de hierarquia das dimensões BIM. A importância deste estudo é de ilustrar até que nível o uso de BIM influencia nos processos construtivos, conceptualização do projecto, dimensionamento de instalações, aplicação de novas tecnologias, ciclo de vida uso e possíveis inspecções e manutenções em Moçam-bique. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho foi realizado um estudo de caso exploratório junto ao Departamento que responde pelas Construções residenciais em Songo, que em um processo de trabalho colaborativo desenvolveu ferramentas de monitoramento do processo construtivo e de aprovação de projectos através de certas políticas internas.
Palavras-chave: BIM, Construção em Moçambique, Contratação de Empreitadas em Moçambique.

- by Ivan I A Nunes
- •
- BIM and Construction Planning

Quantity takeoff based on Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a faster and more reliable method than the traditional 2D-based quantity takeoff approach. However, the quality of BIM models affects the accuracy of the extracted quantities. Incomplete details and inappropriate modeling methods cause deviations in extracted quantities. Compound elements, such as walls and floors, always face this issue because they contain multiple material layers, which can have different sizes. In order to obtain accurate quantity takeoffs of these layers, each compound element layer that is composed of a core layer and other layers must be created according to the actual construction. Nevertheless, this is a time-consuming and error-prone solution. Furthermore, it can be difficult to edit a model in the future if its design is not finalized. This study proposes a method to improve the accuracy of the extracted quantities of compound elements from BIM models that are incomplete or incorrect by using information from BIM-based clash detection to eliminate excess quantities and add missing quantities. The proposed method is called the “BIM-based compound element quantity takeoff improvement” (BCEQTI) method. The BCEQTI method is then validated through four case studies. With this method, accurate material quantities can be delivered, and the time used to edit the BIM models is saved. Furthermore, it can be applied to other building elements that have similar issues.

The construction industry is improving and looks as promising as never before, as end users persist to demand more and more complex projects to be delivered at a faster pace and in a costeffective manner. Traditional scheduling methods of construction have been settled for building of
structures previously but they are not any more
suitable for producing robust work schedules.
Technological innovations have assisted the
construction industry to avoid a lot of uncertain
hazards through management of all resources for
construction in an efficient, effective and affordable
manner. Building Information Modeling or BIM as an
innovation in construction has modified the basis of
this industry by improving cost, scheduling and coordination
of infrastructure projects. Building Information Modeling in terms of 4D modeling saves a lot of time and money over traditional scheduling processes. On the other hand, enhancing the reliability of planning is a fundamental factor to achieve stable construction flow and subsequently,
high productivity and improved product quality. This
paper compares BIM-based scheduling with
traditional method and also will focus on the last
findings of BIM to understand how BIM solves
problems existed in the traditional method of
scheduling.

Adentrándonos más en la metodología BIM (Building Information Modeling) caemos en la necesidad de conocer los términos que se manejan. Es importante conocerlos ya que nos ayudan a determinar necesidades, costos, procesos y resultados del modelo BIM por medio de la relación entre el cliente y el encargado del proyecto. Requisito de información del empleador EIR (Employers Information Requirement). Es el primer documento que se deben redactar cuando se trabaja con la metodología BIM. Básicamente se definen todos los requisitos de información que el cliente necesita del proyecto y como se van a gestionar. Importante tomar en cuenta que este documento es necesario para la redacción del Plan de Ejecución BIM. Estos requisitos se dividen en tres áreas: • Área de gestión: Esta área incluye la función que desempeña cada colaborador del proyecto, la forma en la que se desarrollara el trabajo colaborativo, cronogramas y formas de entrega. • Área Comercial: Se muestran los resultados y metas que se desean lograr con el análisis de los datos anteriormente planteados. • Área técnica: La cual contiene aspectos como en que software se desarrollara el proyecto, el medio y formato en que se compartirán la información los participantes y cualquier otro aspecto relacionado con la información del proyecto como capacitaciones, asesorías, etc. Es importante que en esta área se incluya el Nivel de Desarrollo del modelo.

El presente proyecto de investigación consta de tres partes importantes. La primera, el Marco Teórico, es el producto de una extensa revisión de la literatura existente que contempla los temas de: Gestión de la Cadena de Abastecimiento, Last Planner System y Building Information Modelling. Este capítulo tiene la finalidad de abarcar y definir todos los conceptos a utilizar en el desarrollo de la investigación.
Mediante la segunda parte, Diagnóstico de la Situación Actual, se realizó un estudio de la situación actual de la industria en un entorno geográfico limitado como es la ciudad de Lima. En él se efectúo la recopilación de información en distintos proyectos de edificaciones a través de encuestas que evaluaron aspectos generales del nivel de gestión e industrialización, contratos y diagnóstico de la procura. Los datos recopilados fueron analizados y comparados entre ellos para comprobar la existencia de tendencias observables entre los tipos de proyectos y la magnitud de empresas a las que pertenecían. Finalmente, en la tercera parte se analiza un caso de estudio, el cual propone la
implementación adecuada de LPS, en colaboración con las herramientas BIM. Mediante este, se busca comprender la sinergia entre estas dos filosofías y la manera en la que pueden aportar a la ejecución de la etapa de acabados y equipamiento de un proyecto de edificaciones. En virtud del análisis concedido en los párrafos precedentes, este proyecto de investigación propone generar una iniciativa para el aprovechamiento de nuevas tecnologías dentro de la industria de la construcción con el fin de agregar valor al proyecto. Asimismo, busca fomentar un cambio de paradigmas para los distintos subcontratistas y contratistas generales en aras de alcanzar una mejora sustancial para la industria de la construcción en el rubro de edificaciones.
La memoria descriptiva está conformada de la siguiente manera: Capítulo 1: Introducción, Capítulo 2: Marco teórico, Capítulo 3: Diagnóstico de la situación actual, Capítulo 4: Caso de estudio – Madre, Capítulo 5: Conclusiones y recomendaciones.

and that the rethoric and visions associated with construction IT are sometimes distant from the reality of construction usage . This paper discusses the observation-participation method as a way to ground construction IT research in industry practice. This research methodology considers the industry as a point of departure, followed by examination of a case study using the observationparticipation method . In this methodology, the researcher is not merely a passive observer, but assumes a variety of roles within the case study and participates in the studied activities. The observation-participation method application to the case study offers the opportunity to see what others have not yet seen and allows gaining access to events and groups, which, in other ways, are innaccesible to scientific research. The researcher perceieves reality from the point of view of someone "in" the case study instead of someone "external" to it.

- by Luis Alarcón
- •
- Civil Engineering, Russian Studies, Information Technology, Research Methodology

recently the need for sustainable buildings by
the clients from the one side and demanding for more profit
by stakeholders from the other side has caused substantial
changes in construction methodologies. One of the most
significant issues which improve the profitability of building
is to use a preventive policy to reduce construction waste.
Different researches and construction waste minimization
techniques have been done so far, but a comprehensive
approach that can be effective in various areas in
construction has not provided. Building information
modeling (BIM) as a feat in construction industry has
developed methods to cut construction wastes in design and pre-construction phase. This paper will focus on the
construction waste origins, current practices of waste
reduction and finally describes the potential application of
BIM to design out waste.

- by Nikolaos Zahariadis
- •
- Critical Theory, Business, Entrepreneurship, Organizational Behavior

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is one of the most significant current discussions in AEC industry. Number of research on different aspects of BIM has been increased to show how this groundbreaking approach has impacted the industry. One widely used method to research on BIM is developing and measuring metrics to assess BIM implementation. This research investigates metrics developed in peer-reviewed papers to find trends of BIM assessment, and find gaps within the research. By reviewing ASCE database, this paper demonstrates that most research has focused on BIM outcomes, and research on BIM inputs and BIM processing is underrated. As a result, there is an extensive gap in research on BIM Input and BIM Process Assessment (e.g. evaluating human-technology interactions, collaboration, modeling performance, etc.). This paper also presents a method for developing a comprehensive framework of metrics to be used throughout the industry and academia to measure BIM implementation aspects and goals. A Part of the literature-based framework is also developed and presented in this paper.

- by Hamid Abdirad
- •
- BIM (Architecture), Metrics, Building Information Modeling, BIM/IPD Specialists

The present report summarises the findings of the Sydney Opera House (SOH) Case Study carried out as part of SBEnrc Project 2.34 Driving Whole-of-life Efficiencies through BIM and Procurement. This report is informed by outcomes from interviews and document analysis as they relate to the development and implementation of the Building Information Modelling (BIM) for asset management interface at the SOH.
The SOH is an iconic Australian building with a long-standing history of innovative information management. This history starts with a challenging design and construction process which prompted what could be the first field-to-finish system for surveyors in Australia creating great efficiency gains, and now continues with the implementation of what is expected to be a fully integrated BIM asset management system.
The SOH BIM journey started in 2004 with the Exemplar Project carried out by the Cooperative for Research Centre (CRC) for Construction Innovation which tested a partial digital facilities management model and made a number of recommendations in 2007 based on collaborative research with the SOH. Since then, BIM practices have been used for construction works and their information management team has endeavoured in completing the BIM REVIT /Architectural model.
The SOH expects to achieve significant advantages from implementing BIM. Specific drivers identified were:
 Having a single source of information
 Information management issues related to the complexity of the asset
 Improving safety
 Addressing performing art requirements
 Sustainability goals
 Heritage listing status.
During the past 10 years, the SOH has faced the following challenges in the development of their BIM for asset management system:
 Software limitations/inadequacy
 Limited funds
 Data availability
 Finding the right answer
 Resistance to change
 Public asset government requirements
 Australia’s geographic isolation
 Uniqueness of the SOH.
Success factors identified for the development of a BIM for asset management strategy:
 Inspiration and corporate culture
Sydney Opera House Case Study Report 4 | P a g e
 External collaboration
 Client involvement
 Management vision.
The SOH has taken an informed and involved client approach to the development of their BIM guidelines and requirements. They have carried out extensive research into international and national practices, significant stakeholder engagement and collaboration as well as maintaining close ties to industry and research groups.
The SOH will aim to address the following expected challenges during the BIM solution rollout:
 Required skills and training
 Ensuring acceptance by end-users
 Integrating the different databases.
Future research will aim to understand specific benefits achieved from the implementation of the BIM interface for asset management systems.

Despite the tremendous development in the field of digital technology that produced the software and techniques influenced in the field of architecture and construction, and thus the production of architectural and urban, which is imperative that we keep up with this development, and employment and continuation of the same efficiency in all phases of the project will bridge the gap between design and implementation phase, and the most important of these techniques the use of Building Information Modeling (BIM), it is a Database, Not just 3D Drawings, it refers to a digital collection of software applications designed to facilitate coordination and project collaboration, BIM has the potential to provide more efficient operation, not only as part of design and construction but also in operations and maintenance. Accuracy is another main reason. BIM appears to offer greater accuracy than what our current practices produce. This paper aims to determine the benefits of integrating BIM technique in project management and recognize the role they play in The construction industry and practical feasibility of it compared to the previous systems, the practical study depended on two parts, the first by carrying out structured questionnaire survey from construction industry' experts. The second is a case study. The paper is concluded with some important results. It seeks to show that the BIM systems improve communication, collaboration, higher-quality project decision making, and more comprehensive planning and scheduling. In the end, we should see better quality, plus increases in productivity and profitability.

This report summarises the findings of the Perth Children’s Hospital (PCH) case study carried out as part
of SBEnrc Project 2.34 Driving Whole-of-life Efficiencies through BIM and Procurement. This case study is
one of three exemplar projects studied in order to complement Centre’s industry-focused research. The
aim was to identify indicators for measuring tangible and intangible benefits of Building Information
Modelling (BIM) across a project’s life-cycle in infrastructure and buildings.
The PCH is an AUD1.2 billion project carried out under a two-stage managing contract model between
the Government of Western Australia and John Holland. The project used BIM for the design and
construction of the hospital and has required a facilities management BIM model as a key deliverable.
The case study drew information from a series of interviews with BIM managers across different
stakeholders as well as project documentation.
The research identified 26 specific benefits from using BIM. Each benefit was then profiled based on the
information provided by the case study data. These benefits were enabled by 20 different tools and
processes related to BIM, including software tools as well as governance processes such as co-location
and frequent project team meeting.
Although one of the objectives of the case study was to identify BIM metrics currently used in this
project, only one metric was found at this stage of the project. However, 20 different metrics to
measure benefits from BIM were identified by interviewees as with potential for use in the future.
This case study also provided insight into challenges associated with implementing BIM in such complex
projects as well as issues related to procurement and asset management, along with lessons learned for
design, construction and asset managers.

Building Information Modeling (BIM) é uma nova abordagem para a gestão da informação em projeto, construção e gestão da edificação. Baseia-se numa representação digital do edifício, a qual pode ser utilizada para gerar modelos 4D de alternativas de processos de construção. Este artigo relata os principais resultados de uma pesquisa que investigou o uso da modelagem 4D para apoiar a tomada de decisão na gestão de sistemas de produção. Quatro estudos de caso foram realizados em diferentes empresas de construção na cidade de Porto Alegre, Brasil, envolvidas no desenvolvimento e construção de projetos de edificações residenciais. As principais conclusões do estudo referem-se aos benefícios do uso de modelos 4D na gestão do sistema de produção.

- by SIAK KOR CHEW
- •
- Information Technology, Technology, Construction Technology, RFID

Coordinate mechanical, electrical and plumbing (MEPF) projects is a great challenge. The inability in identify conflicts in 2D-drawings create delays in the construction process and the increase of the administration burden due the identification of conflicts on field when the budget it's already approved; produces rework to correct problems unidentified in the project phase and influence the productivity of all the involved on the process. Building Information Modelling can help the AEC industry to find possible problems before the beginning of the construction work. Nevertheless, BIM benefits related to project compatibility are associated with level of detail - currently named level of development - of the resulting model of the virtual construction phase (VDC). The paper is focused in evaluate requests for information (RFI) associated with water/sanitary facilities of a BIM model with the level of development 400 (LOD 400). Thus it is expected to add on the improvement of water/sanitary facilities projects, as well as assist the virtual construction team on notice and identify project problems. It is used a qualitative methodology. It was started with the question "How VDC can contribute to the improvement of MEPF projects?” Through coordination model analysis it was identified 167 RFI related to building facilities (or MEPF - mechanical, electrical, plumbing and fire protection). From this total, 51 were associated specifically with the plumbing systems project. It's part of plumbing systems hydraulic, sanitary, ventilation and drainage plumbing. The results demonstrate the VDC's contribution for the improvement of plumbing system projects. Even though each project has its unique characteristics, is noticed that the results valid for it can be used as a guide to the adoption of a proactive posture towards conflict identification.

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a process involving generation and management of digital representations of physical and functional characteristics of a building or a facility. It is a holistic documentation process for operational visualization, design coordination, estimation and project scheduling. BIM software defines objects parametrically and it is a tool for virtual reality. Primary advantage of implementing BIM is the visual coordination of the building structure and systems such as Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing (MEP) and it also identifies the possible conflicts between the building systems. This paper is an attempt to develop a model which would highlight the primary advantages of application of BIM pertaining to real estate development projects. It has been observed that about 40% of the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) companies use BIM but primarily for their outsourced projects. Also, 65% of the respondents agree that BIM would be used quiet strongly for future construction projects in India. Further, about 40% of the users would like to use BIM for project coordination , about 20% for conceptual design and about 15% for detailed design. The 3D models developed with Revit 2015 software would reduce coordination problems amongst the architects, structural engineers, contractors and building service providers (MEP). Also by means of virtual reality, the client would be having a feel of the building model before actually the building is constructed. The chances of the collisions of the different utilities and services are also minimized.

- by Raj Modi
- •
- Real Estate, Building Information Modeling, 3D Models, BIM and Construction Planning

The rapid pace of digitalisation within the Construction Industry and the divergence from traditional practice inherent to this transformation requires the development of new knowledge to frame these emerging practices. Acting on increasing digitalisation pressures, many national and international standards, protocols, and specifications have been generated with little conceptual framing or with no theoretical underpinning. This positioning paper responds to practical business needs of organisations and project teams, builds upon existing conceptual constructs, and delivers a modular information management framework. The Lifecycle Information Transformation and Exchange (LITE) framework is an extendable conceptual skeletal for defining, managing, and integrating project and asset information. Developed, described, and explained for ongoing field testing, the LITE framework integrates multiple components-information statuses, states, milestones, flows, gates, routes, loops, actions, sets, and tiers-which collectively lay the foundations for an open access digital platform being developed by an international Community of Research and Practice. The framework describes-and aims to predict-information flows across an asset's lifecycle. Its modular conceptual structure, iterative flows, and task-oriented terminology are calibrated to guide the integrated design, delivery, and utilisation of assets of any type, function, or scale.

- by Bilal Succar and +1
- •
- Information Systems, Management Information Systems, Construction Management, Lean Construction

Building information modeling (BIM) is a powerful collaboration and project delivery concept which is becoming popular in the architectural and engineering practice. Software developers are constantly extending the boundaries by introducing new features into their programs, such as support for an integrated workflow, thus inviting different specialists to participate in the project at earlier design stages. These type of contributions highlight the importance of decisions concerning the most effective method to export information, invariant of the chosen data model, be it IFC or gbXML. Extensions to existing software are also considered, i.e. plugins. Export of simple geometries is tested within three BIM platforms: ArchiCAD, Allplan and Revit. The main focus of the presented test is exporting of the building materials data and its preservation in the IFC and gbXML format, specifically for import into thermal simulation tools. The application and capabilities of EnergyPlus and ArchiPHYSIK are explored. We summarize our results as a sequence at guidelines and recommendations suggesting optimal workflows for each BIM platform, as well as design for -Customizer-application, which assists in mapping of the needed data, on a per application basis, from IFC or gbXML to the IDF files usable to ArchiPHYSIK and EnergyPlus.

Construction projects involve multidisciplinary and multi-actor collaborations that generate massive amounts of data over their lifecycle. Data are often sensitive, and embody rights, ownership and intellectual property of the creator. Managing project information raises concerns about security, inconsistency and loss of data. Conventional approach of dealing with the complexities of data management involves the adoption of BIM based solutions that lack suitable means for the governance of collaboration, and access and archival of managed data. To overcome the limitations of BIM, Cloud-based governance solutions have been suggested as a way forward. However, there is a lack of understanding of construction ICT (Information and Communication Technology) practices from the perspectives of data management and governance. This paper aims to fill this gap; first, by exploring barriers related to BIM adoption and collaboration practices, in particular, issues related to data management and governance that can potentially be ameliorated with Cloud technologies, and second, by identifying key requirements for Cloud-based BIM governance solutions. A structured questionnaire was conducted among informed construction practitioners in this study. The findings reveal several barriers to BIM adoption alongside ICT and collaboration issues with an urgent need to develop a BIM governance solution underpinned by cloud technology. Further, a number of important requirements for developing BIM governance solutions have been identified.

Articulo especializado sobre el Building Information Modeling en la inversión pública, analizando su aplicación comparada con énfasis en el caso peruano, estado de avance y recomendaciones. #MetodologíaBIM #InversiónPública... more

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a trendy topic, and rightly so. It is a new approach for the use of data and information in the construction industry which will have a huge impact, affecting not only how built assets are designed and constructed, but how they are operated too. As the application of BIM is evolving rapidly, perspectives on BIM vary and may cause confusion. The whitepaper that we have produced aims to address these concerns and clarify the key benefits of BIM according to ARCADIS.

Building Information Modeling (BIM) and its different work streams, such as 4D planning (4D), are among the major drivers for change in the construction industry. The primary aim of this research is to create a holistic map of both the barriers and drivers affecting the industrial uptake of BIM and 4D through the use of an extensive literature review and a survey of contractors and consultants from the UK AEC (Architectural, Engineering and Construction) industry. This research demonstrates that while non-technical barriers such as the inefficiency in the evaluation of the business value of BIM and 4D; the shortage of experience within the workforce, and the lack of awareness by stakeholders are recognized by professionals as main barriers to BIM and 4D adoption, current research is still largely concerned with technical advancement of BIM and 4D technologies. A holistic map of the driving and restraining forces affecting BIM and 4D widespread adoption was provided. The tackling of the non-technical barriers identified will help bridge the gap between technology, end-users and their processes.

- by Mohamad Kassem
- •
- BIM (Architecture), BIM-technology, BIM and Construction Planning

Докладът разглежда предимствата от прилагането на Строителния информационен модел (BIM) в различните етапи от жизнения цикъл на една сграда или съоръжение. На базата на различни примери от чуждия опит в прилагането на тези технологии се... more

This article presents results from the first statistically significant study of cost escalation in transportation infrastructure projects. Based on a sample of 258 transportation infrastructure projects worth US$90 billion and representing different project types, geographical regions, and historical periods, it is found with overwhelming statistical significance that the cost estimates used to decide whether such projects should be built are highly and systematically misleading. Underestimation cannot be explained by error and is best explained by strategic misrepresentation, that is, lying. The policy implications are clear: legislators, administrators, investors, media representatives, and members of the public who value honest numbers should not trust cost estimates and cost-benefit analyses produced by project promoters and their analysts.

- by Bent Flyvbjerg
- •
- Critical Theory, Business, Entrepreneurship, Organizational Behavior

With the rise of CPU power and massivisation of the computers popularity, the structural design process of modern construction has rapidly evolved from hand calculations, to isolated FEM approach software, up to the nowadays BIM ENVIRONNEMENT. Meanwhile, rapidly increasing efforts for material economization, cost reductions, and energy consumption criteria are putting the everyday practices under pressure, testing the limits of standard solutions. New, more integrated approaches demand to be developed in order to enable a quicker, more secure, less iterative, more effective design process regarding the structural information within a model. This report intends to propose, evaluate and test the limits of a BIM software-based workflow aiming to help the design process of pedestrian footbridges. Parametric modeling solutions in a BIM environment are examined in order to manage the S-BIM (structural BIM) information, calculate the elements and develop the fabrication phase.

Public and private procurers around the world are either mandating or encouraging the adoption of BIM within their construction sectors and projects. For example, in the UK, BIM (i.e., 'BIM Level 2') is mandatory on all government centrally procured projects. 'BIM Level 2' is a collaborative way of working, in which 3D models with the required data are created in separate discipline models according to a set of guides, standards and specifications. Mandating BIM Level 2 required the development of a range of guides, standards and specifications 1. These policy documents are intended to guide and facilitate the adoption of BIM by the project supply chain. They are considered complex as evidenced from the large amounts of requirements included within each of them and from the strenuous discussions around their implementation in professional networks and specialised blogs. Tools for assessing the compliance of project activities and deliverables these against requirements of these policy documents do not exist. This research proposes a tool, which enables a project team to determine the compliance of project activities and deliverables with BIM Level 2 policy documents at every phase of the project lifecycle. The tool was built by extracting all requirements from the policy documents. This paper will present the tool and demonstrate its application in a case study. The results show that the proposed tool can help in assessing the compliance of project activities with the policy documents and in simplifying their complexity. The two limitations of this research include the following: a) the used requirements were added to the matrix without any prior processing (e.g. semantic and ontological development); and b) an assumption was made that the policy documents used to build the matrix are trustworthy despite several of them are still at the specification stage – a stage that precedes their conversion into standard – and are untested from research perspective.

- by Mohamad Kassem and +2
- •
- BIM (Architecture), Facility Management, Building Information Modeling, Building Information Modeling (BIM) (Architecture)

Di era milenial saat ini, dunia konstruksi dituntut untuk bisa mengikuti perkembangan zaman. Saat ini dunia konstruksi memasuki era yang kita sebut sebagai era Industri 4.0. Era tersebut menuntut para pekerja atau pelaku dibidang konstruksi untuk memanfaatkan teknologi sebaik-baiknya, serta tetap mempertimbangkan sumber daya alam secara efektif dan efisien. Diharapkan dengan pemanfaatan teknologi yang semakin meningkat dapat menghemat energi, biaya, waktu dan sumber daya di dunia konstruksi.
Dalam bidang konstruksi kita mengenal istilah BIM, singkatan dari Building Information Modelling. BIM adalah suatu sistem yang membentuk proses dalam menyampaikan informasi atau referensi digital karakteristik fisik dan fungsional yang lebih akurat tentang suatu konstruksi yang mencakup AEC (Architecture, Engineering, and Construction). BIM meliputi berbagi informasi yang berkaitan pada suatu proyek/bangunan, dari awal perencanaan (pra-konstruksi), pelaksanaan (konstruksi), pemeliharaan (maintenance) hingga pembongkaran (demolition) bangunan. Pendekatan dimensi pada BIM diketahui memiliki keunggulan, berbeda dengan aplikasi konvensional yang umumnya masih terbatas pada tahap 3D. BIM diketahui dapat dimanfaatkan hingga konsep pendekatan 4D (scheduling), 5D (estimating), 6D (sustainability), dan 7D (facility management applications).
Salah satu problem yang menjadi PR bagi perusahan konstruksi adalah masih kurangnya optimalisasi penggunaan material besi tulangan untuk mengurangi waste/sisa material. Material konstruksi begitu penting untuk menentukan nilai biaya suatu proyek. Tetapi pada kenyataannya, baik saat tender maupun pelaksanaannya, pengoptimalisasian material besi masih diabaikan. Hal ini dikarenakan kurangnya tenaga ahli dan pengetahuan untuk menghitung kebutuhan material besi yang efektif dan efisien. PT. Wijaya Karya Bangunan Gedung sebagai perusahaan dalam bidang konstruksi sedang menerapkan sistem BIM. Diharapkan sistem BIM ini dapat mengoptimalisasikan penggunaan material besi, sehingga mampu mengurangi biaya proyek dan menambah keuntungan bagi perusahaan.
Pada makalah ini akan dibahas tentang “Penerapan Building Information Modeling Menggunakan Tekla Structures Dalam Perhitungan Volume Besi Tulangan dan Bar Bending Schedule” pada proyek Grha Pertamina. Dari data bangunan gedung dalam bentuk format umum yaitu IFC (Industry Foundation Class) yang telah dibuat dengan menggunakan software Archicad diimport ke Tekla Structures untuk penggambaran detail penulangan. Detail penulangan yang telah dibuat akan memberikan informasi yang akurat dalam bentuk BBS (Bar Bending Schedule). Informasi BBS yang didapatkan selanjutnya digunakan untuk mengoptimalisasikan material besi tulangan agar didapatkan jumlah waste/sisa yang paling sedikit.

BIM application on construction projects is a potential risk that must be managed. Risk factors in construction projects will also increase with the extent of BIM application due to the challenges associated with BIM application. Managing the risk of BIM application on projects and the realisation of BIM value depends on the appropriate use of BIM. Several studies have identified the balance between BIM value, project characteristics, and BIM application as a way of mitigating the risk of BIM application on projects. However, frameworks or models providing the balance between the BIM value, project characteristics, and BIM application are scarce. Hence, using a meta-synthesis of relevant studies, this study proposes a strategic and contingent BIM application model for construction projects. The strategic part of the model entails the determination of BIM value and BIM effectiveness on a construction project by using appropriate BIM tools and processes for the project. The contingent part of the model involves the use of project complexity to determine the project expectations. The model turns into a strategic and contingent application of BIM on construction projects by matching the extent of BIM application to the level of project complexity. The model presents unique attributes for characterising BIM-based construction projects and provides a guide and research focus for case studies of BIM-based construction projects. Also, the model will make it easier to plan and manage BIM-based construction projects as well as enable a widespread application of BIM tools and processes.

A concern that project managers share is that despite the management protocols, processes, and tools contained in the Project Management Body of Knowledge® (PMBOK®), considerable resources are still spent every year correcting and adding to non-standard data needed by any or all stakeholders, team members, designers, and project owners. As well, facility and project history must be maintained A number of new tools and standards around Building Information Modelling (BIM), common data environments (CDE) and Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) were just beginning to see wider use and acceptance in the Project Management community as the Fifth Edition PMBOK® was issued, thus guidance on these topics was not necessarily included explicitly. This study queried the project management community for input and probed thoughts around various external BIM guidance to develop a preliminary process to integrate Information Management (IM) tools into each of the Knowledge areas and propose to develop an Information Management Framework into the PMBOK® and its Construction Extension (CE) as a new Knowledge Area, or KA.
An online survey, paper questionnaire, and formatted interview sheet were prepared with focused questions and deployed to assess the degree of insight around several broad PM topics concerning Information Management (IM) and IM formatting compatibility. As well, respondents were asked to share any information they cared to, about what guidance or procedures they used, anecdotes on what worked well or didn’t work in practice, thoughts on BIM, CDE, and their exposure to any or all. In addition, respondents’ familiarity with existing guidance details in the PMBOK® and CE were probed and used to gauge what future work might be required to reach the end goal of adding robust support and guidance for BIM, IM, and CDE.
Data suggested the respondents felt that more IM guidance was needed and could be added to the PMBOK® and CE that a separate KA addressing process, procedure, tools, and collaborative procedures could be included and raised the possibility of modifying and updating information in existing KAs to integrate IM more explicitly. All suggested IM needed to be robustly managed from facility cradle-to-grave. Some indicated support for more inclusion of process for explicit collaboration support. As well, perceived lacks in the PMBOK® and CE with respect to Communications and records-keeping were highlighted, along with the recognition of digital tools, workspaces, and procedures as primary project criteria to keep in mind as contracts are initiated, negotiated, and executed. Finally, respondents offered anecdotes illustrating experiences on previous projects, speaking to familiarity with or to limited to the routine use of BIM, Common Data Environments (CDE), and Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) management. Some respondents suggested that inclusion of real-world examples of the process might be particularly useful, as well.
The study contributes to the body of knowledge by providing enough information to build a skeleton outline of best practices in digital data management, which may be used to construct a digital data management knowledge area for inclusion in the PMBOK® and its construction extension, and build a foundation for collection of examples, case studies, and process around the larger area of Information Management.

- by Saad Al Jabri
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- Project Management, BIM Framework, BIM and Construction Planning

Building information modeling (BIM) is one of the most significant developments in the construction industry, as it introduces new technologies, processes, and interactions into practice. Prior research shows that there is an increasing interest among practitioners and academics to assess maturity, productivity, and performance of BIM implementation. This suggests that as BIM adoption grows, the need for BIM implementation assessment arises to facilitate monitoring, measuring, and improving BIM practices. However, so far, no single study has comprehensively reviewed and reported the existing approaches, metrics, and criteria used for assessing BIM practices. This study aims to review and analyze the literature and synthesize existing knowledge relevant to the topic. The author develops a thematic framework of BIM aspects, BIM goals, and performance evaluation trends to define grounds for assessing BIM implementation. Based on the framework, this research analyzed a total number of 97 references (selected out of 322 studies) to identify, extract, and classify metrics/criteria used for assessing BIM implementation. This study has practical implications for developing future BIM maturity models and BIM assessment tools as it synthesizes the existing developments on this topic, highlights gaps and limitations in metric-based BIM assessment, and provides recommendations for further research and developments.

Durante o desenvolvimento do trabalho, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica abordando conceitos de orçamento na construção civil e Modelagem de Informação da Construção (BIM), e como essa tecnologia pode ser utilizada na etapa de levantamento de quantitativos. Posteriormente, foi realizado um estudo de caso voltado para a etapa de levantamento de quantitativos de estrutura, comparando-se as diferenças entre o método convencional e o método assistido por software BIM. Observa-se que por meio da tecnologia BIM pode-se obter uma nova maneira de levantar quantitativos de obras, tendo como principais vantagens sobre o método tradicional a precisão e a rapidez dos levantamentos.
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During the development work, a literature review was conducted, addressing concepts of budget in construction and Building Information Modeling (BIM), and how this technology can be used in the quantitative survey stage. Subsequently, it was conducted a case study focused on the quantitative survey stage, comparing the differences between the conventional method and the method assisted by the BIM software. It is observed that through the use of BIM it is possible to approach a new way of raising quantitative work, the main advantages over the traditional method being accuracy and well-timed surveys.

Operation and Maintenance (O&M) costs in buildings represent a significant part of the total building life cycle cost. However, project delivery methods in the Architectural, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry are often focused on the capital delivery stage and associated costs ranging from planning, through design, to construction and handover. Open data standards such as the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) and specifications such as the Construction Operations Building information exchange (COBie) provide the capability to capture Facilities Management (FM) data requirements in a structured manner from the early stages of project development. We aim to investigate how and whether IFC and COBie can deliver the data and information about assets required by facility managers within a whole life cycle perspective. We focus on specific use cases including the creation of asset registers and service life planning. However, the methodology adopted can be generalised and applied to any other FM use case. The results show that IFC, COBie and the tested supporting tools exhibited some shortcomings in delivering some of the data entities, types and parameters required for the selected FM use cases. We discuss these shortcomings and propose them as areas for improvement to domain researchers, standardisation bodies and technology providers. Finally, we instigate domain researchers to adopt the proposed methodology and conduct further FM use cases.

Megaproject Planning and Management: Essential Readings contains the seminal articles from the growing body of research on megaproject planning and management along with an original introduction by the editor, Bent Flyvbjerg. The leading and most cited authority in the field, Flyvbjerg has used crowdsourcing and 25 years of experience to cherry-pick from several hundred articles and books the writings that define the field. This volume will be an indispensable source for those wishing to speak with authority about how megaprojects are prepared, delivered, and fought over. The target audience is students, academics, practitioners, and media pundits alike, as well as communities affected by megaprojects.

- by Bent Flyvbjerg
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- Critical Theory, Entrepreneurship, Organizational Behavior, Information Systems

The purpose of this dissertation is to explore investigation of practices and benefits of BIM based on previous construction project done by BIM approach and technology in Singapore. Research is determined how BIM practices make different effectiveness on traditional workflow for the construction project, take measure on impact of current BIM technology for the construction project. Analysis for the potential benefit by investment in BIM and actual returns for a cross-section of construction projects in Singapore. Research outcome is useful for project stakeholders in the construction industry how BIM have the potential become enhance within construction players and support to understand the contribution of digital technology as IT supporting in the project. Key Words: Building Information Modelling (BIM) BIM practices Construction Industry Productivity Benefit and impact 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

- by Ye Aung
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- BIM-technology, BIM and Construction Planning