Biogeochemistry (Ecology) Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Short-term nutrient fluxes of a groundwater-fed, flow-through lake Nutrient fluxes take place in lakes through different flow paths, and the importance of their nutrient flux changes depend on the biogeochemical processes involved. In... more

Short-term nutrient fluxes of a groundwater-fed, flow-through lake Nutrient fluxes take place in lakes through different flow paths, and the importance of their nutrient flux changes depend on the biogeochemical processes involved. In flow-through lakes, the hydrological control of these flux processes appears to be very important, but the significance of other processes is poorly understood. To test this significance, we analyzed C, N and P fluxes on a weekly scale during mid-stratification in a Spanish calcareous lake fed by agriculturally-drained streams and groundwater. As expected, hydrologic flow paths were more important than those of biogenic fluxes for the nutrient budgets. The organic C (OC hereafter), total N and total P surface inflows and outflows differed. While C and N surface hydrological fluxes covaried, P input or output fluxes were unrelated with those of other nutrients. Net groundwater C and P fluxes covaried, but they were not related with those of N. The accumulations of OC, N and P were also related with each other. All of the biogenic fluxes were highly variable. Primary production by emergent plants (Cladium) were higher than water column photosynthesis, the latter being net autotrophic most of the time. Particulate nutrient settling rates were within the range of those in oligotrophic lakes. Denitrification was not as high as expected in the nitrate-rich water of this lake, which was limited by low levels of soluble reactive phosphorus and dissolved organic carbon. CO 2 degassing from the surface to the atmosphere was always positive, suggesting net heterotrophy, but this was the opposite of previous results. These conflicting results could be reconciled by the high hydrological inputs of inorganic carbon, which yielded more carbon dioxide to be outgassed. Albeit low, the CO 2 production from CaCO 3 formation could sometimes be a source of CO 2. However, the biogenic fluxes were higher than expected in flow-through lakes, mostly arising from the role of littoral emergent plants in nutrient fluxes, which was often neglected in biogeochemical budget studies. Furthermore, no relationship was found between water renewal time and accumulation, thus emphasizing the significance of biogenic fluxes on nutrient retention. At the ecosystem level, our study highlighted both the importance of the hydrogeological setting of the basin on nutrient fluxes and the importance of emergent vegetation on lake nutrient budgets. RESUMEN Flujos de nutrientes a corto plazo en un lago fluvial alimentado por aguas subterráneas Los flujos de nutrientes tienen lugar en los lagos siguiendo líneas de flujo diferentes, cuya importancia depende de los procesos biogeoquímicos implicados en ellos. En los lagos fluviales el control hidrológico de estos flujos es muy notable, pero la importancia de otros procesos sobre dicho control aún se conoce mal. Con objeto de mejorar el conocimiento de estos aspectos limnológicos, analizamos aquí los flujos de C, N y P a escala semanal durante el periodo central de la estratificación en un lago calcáreo español (laguna Conceja, Centro de España), alimentado por ríos y agua subterránea que han drenado zonas agrícolas. El transporte hidrológico fue más importante que los flujos biogénicos en los balances de nutrientes. Las entradas de carbono orgánico, nitrógeno y fósforo totales fueron diferentes de las salidas. Aunque los flujos hidrológicos superficiales de C y N covariaron, las entradas y salidas de P no lo hicieron. Los flujos subterráneos de C y P covariaron, pero no se relacionaron con los de N. Las acumulaciones de C orgánico, N y P estuvieron relacionadas entre sí. Todos los flujos biogénicos de nutrientes fueron muy variables. La producción primaria debida a las plantas emergentes (Cladium) fue mayor que la fotosíntesis en la columna de agua, la cual experimentó una autotrofia neta durante la mayor parte del periodo de estudio. La sedimentación de los nutrients particulados estuvo dentro del rango de la observada en otros lagos oligotróficos. La desnitrificación no fue tan alta como la esperada a juzgar por el elevado contenido en nitrato del lago, lo cual se debió a la limitación por las escasas concentraciones de fósforo reactivo soluble y carbono orgánico disuelto. El 16481_Limnetica 35(1), pàgina 147, 20/05/2016