Biomass gasification Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025, E3S Web of Conferences

This work aimed to study the effect of gasification process operating conditions on syngas composition and properties, and process efficiency. A rotary kiln gasifier lab-scale pilot plant with capacity ≅ 30 kg/h and a power of 30 kWe was used for gasification tests applied to cherry wood at different loads, for a temperature of about 600°C, while the air was used as gasification agent for all tests. The syngas composition was measured and analyzed. The results have shown that conversion of wood cherry through gasification lead to a lean fuel gas of 3.5 MJ/Nm3 and installation characteristics have a major influence both on process and syngas properties. This is happened because the rotary kiln gasifier allows some air infiltrations, and consequently a high N2 content in the syngas composition. The energy balance of the cherry biomass gasification processes was calculated. It was found also that gas density varies slightly from 1.26 to 1.43 kg/m3, while the specific heat of the gas va...

2025, E3S Web of Conferences

Using different gasification agents: air and steam, two types of gasification process were performed into a batch reactor at temperature of 750°C and 850°C and atmospheric pressure. The only difference between of the two compared experimental configurations was represented by the gasification agent used in the process. The amount of oxygen introduced into the reactor for air gasification at an ER of 0.3 was computed. Therefore, in the steam gasification process, the same amount of oxygen was introduced, so establishing an unordinary steam to biomass ratio. In this way, the two processes, air vs. steam gasification, were compared, the rest of the process parameters being kept constant. This paper approaches the transitory regimes (initiation stage) of gasification process in order to observe the influence of process temperature and gasification agent on the process run. According to the experimental results, better gas quality is obtained if steam is used as a gasifying agent, yet th...

2025, Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences

The tar in biomass producer gas is problematic and needs to be removed before use as fuel. This study investigated tar removal by using Ni/Mg/Y-Zeolite as an upgraded catalysts in a microwave reactor. The wet impregnation method was used to prepare the upgraded catalyst. Catalytic cracking of tar provided the highest about 99% tar removal, with only little carbon deposition on the catalyst. The data gave credible estimates of activation energy, and the fitted kinetic model had SEE=1.5% and R 2 = 0.95. Moreover, the experimental data satisfied overall mass balance to 96% accuracy.

2025, Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences

Tar derived from biomass gasification system needs to be eliminated before applying biomass producer gas for avoiding equipment and its gas problems. In this study, thermal and catalytic cracking methods of biomass tar along with microwave assistance in heat transfer were experimented at various temperatures during 650-1,200 °C and residence at 0.24-0.5 s. The results present that high tar removal efficiency by approximately 90 % under thermal cracking treatment and about 98 % with catalytic cracking method. It also shows that the catalytic cracking especially modified catalyst could be lowered carbon deposition on catalyst surface.

2025

The effect of coal rank (from sub-bituminous to semi-anthracite) and type of fuel feeding technology (slurry and dry) on the production of substitute natural gas (SNG) in entrained flow gasifiers is studied. Ten coals from important Colombian mines were selected. The process is modeled under thermochemical equilibrium using Aspen Plus, and its performance is evaluated in function of output parameters that include SNG heating value, Wobbe index, coal conversion efficiency, cold gas efficiency, process efficiency, global efficiency, and SNG production rate, among others. In descending order, the coal-to-SNG process improves energetically with the use of coals with: higher volatile-matter to fixed-carbon ratio, lower ash content, higher C+H/O ratio, and higher coal heating value. The overall energy efficiency of the slurry-feed technology (S-FT) to produce SNG by gasification is 17% higher than the dry-feed technology (D-FT), possibly as a consequence of the higher CH 4 concentration in the syngas (around 7 vol. %) when the coal is fed as aqueous slurry. As the simulated SNG meets the natural gas (NG) quality standards in Colombia, the substitute gaseous fuel could be directly transported through pipelines. Therefore, the coal-to-SNG process is a technically feasible and unconventional alternative for NG production.

2025

Breve resumen sobre las leyes de velocidad que aplican para el diseño de reactores catalíticos heterogéneos y breve descripción de la Ley de velocidad con cinética de Langmuir-Hinshelwood

2025, Sustainability

This study aims to present an efficient plan for the application of a geothermal energy facility at the building structure planning phase. Energy consumption, energy cost and the primary energy consumption of buildings were calculated to enable a comparison of buildings prior to the application of a geothermal energy facility. The capacity for energy savings and the costs related to the installation of such a facility were estimated. To obtain more reliable criteria for economic feasibility, the lifecycle cost (LCC) analysis incorporated maintenance costs (reflecting repair and replacement cycles based on construction work specifications of a new renewable energy facility) and initial construction costs (calculated based on design drawings for its practical installation). It is expected that the findings of this study will help in the selection of an economically viable geothermal energy facility at the building construction planning phase.

2025, Journal of Energy Chemistry

In the last decades the interest in the biomass gasification process has increased due to the growing attention to the use of sustainable energy. Biomass is a renewable energy source and represents a valid alternative to fossil fuels. Gasification is the thermochemical conversion of an organic material into a valuable gaseous product, called syngas, and a solid product, called char. The biomass gasification represents an efficient process for the production of power and heat and the production of hydrogen and second-generation biofuels. This paper deals with the state of the art biomass gasification technologies, evaluating advantages and disadvantages, the potential use of the syngas and the application of the biomass gasification. Syngas cleaning though fundamental to evaluate any gasification technology is not included in this paper since; in the authors' opinion, a dedicated review is necessary.

2025, International Energy Journal

800x600 Biomass is a renewable source of energy with environment-friendly carbon neutral characteristics. World-wide, a considerable amount of biomass is available in the form of wastes whose economy is primarily dependent on agricultural production. In the present work, an experimental investigation has been conducted using briquette of oil palm and tung tree wastes through downdraft gasification process. The effect of the low heating value of producer gas, gasification efficiency, producer gas yields and tar concentration by variation equivalence ratio were presented. The experimental results showed that gasification performance was the optimum value of equivalence ratio is 0.385 and 0.372. The optimum low heating value of producer gas containing 3.20 MJ/Nm3 and 3.23 MJ/Nm3, gas yield was 4.46 Nm3/kg and 3.72 Nm3/kg, gasification efficiency was 76.24% and 70.15%, furthermore, tar concentration was 89.90 g/Nm3 and 71.71 g/Nm3, respectively. Finally, briquette from oil palm and tung...

2025, International Energy Journal

Biomass is a renewable source of energy with environment-friendly carbon neutral characteristics. World-wide, a considerable amount of biomass is available in the form of wastes whose economy is primarily dependent on agricultural production. In the present work, an experimental investigation has been conducted using briquette of oil palm and tung tree wastes through downdraft gasification process. The effect of the low heating value of producer gas, gasification efficiency, producer gas yields and tar concentration by variation equivalence ratio were presented. The experimental results showed that gasification performance was the optimum value of equivalence ratio is 0.385 and 0.372. The optimum low heating value of producer gas containing 3.20 MJ/Nm3 and 3.23 MJ/Nm3, gas yield was 4.46 Nm3/kg and 3.72 Nm3/kg, gasification efficiency was 76.24% and 70.15%, furthermore, tar concentration was 89.90 g/Nm3 and 71.71 g/Nm3, respectively. Finally, briquette from oil palm and tung tree waste can be converted to producer gas production and utilized for internal combustion engine for electricity.

2025, Cuadernos de Educación y Desarrollo

A análise de correlação canônica (ACC) e a regressão múltipla foram aplicadas aos dados experimentais de Morita et al.(1968, a1968), Morita e D’Amico (1971) e D’Amico e Morita (1971). Seis variáveis independentes (cinco variáveis contínuas representadas por descritores moleculares para as moléculas de diferentes tipos de aceleradores; e, uma variável categórica representada pelasdiferentes formulações) e duas variáveis dependentes (duas variáveis contínuas representadas por parâmetros de cura) foram elencadas. Os resultados mostraram que apenas uma função canônica é estatisticamente relevante para descrever a natureza doconjunto de dados. Por sua vez, a regressão múltipla mostrou que o tempo de pré-cura das composições de NR ou SBR são governados pela formulação escolhida, pelo potencial reativo-ácido ponderado (PRApond) e pela interação entrea polarizabilidade molecular ajustada (PolAj) e a razão média comprimento/carga para a ligação S-S ou R-S-R’ (RLCS).

2025, Food Science and Technology

Banana classification holds vital importance
in India, the world’s largest banana producer, as accurate
variety identification is crucial for optimizing postharvest
handling, pricing, and supply chain management, ensuring
quality consistency and market efficiency across diverse
regional and commercial demands. This study proposes an
advanced classification technique using an integrated deep
convolutional neural network model tailored to classify ten
prominent Indian banana varieties. The model strategically
combines ResNet and DenseNet architectures enhanced
with attention mechanisms as feature extractors, while
employing a Support Vector Machine (SVM) for final
classification. A distinctive aspect of this approach is its
patch-wise image analysis strategy, wherein banana images
are divided into sequences of patches to effectively capture
both fine-grained local details and broader global patterns.
The incorporation of self-attention mechanisms enables the
model to learn intricate global relationships within these
patches, substantially improving feature extraction
efficiency. Additionally, DenseNet’s well-connected
architecture facilitates the systematic elimination of
redundant or irrelevant features, optimizing the
classification workflow. Remarkably, the proposed
integrated model achieved an accuracy rate of 98.3%,
outperforming conventional deep learning networks. This
significant improvement in classification precision holds
considerable promise for enhancing postharvest processes
in supermarket supply chains. By ensuring reliable and
efficient banana variety identification, this method can
greatly contribute to streamlined inventory management,
pricing strategies, and overall supply chain efficiency.

2025

Climate change mitigation and energy security serve as significant drivers for the development of innovative sustainable technologies aimed at evaluating diverse sustainability factors to achieve efficient future energy systems. With an established infrastructure, pulp and paper mills can concurrently produce bio-chemicals, biofuels, and electricity alongside pulp and paper products utilizing waste black liquor. This study highlights key sustainability aspects of hydrogen production leading to ammonia synthesis derived from various black liquor gasification systems integrated with modern pulp mills. The study is novel as it comprehensively presents the detailed aspects of black liquor as a sustainable feedstock, emphasizing its availability as a byproduct in the pulp and paper industry, along with its environmental benefits and includes a comparison of the key sustainability aspects of green ammonia production with traditional methods. Furthermore, the paper conducts an environmental impact assessment, analyzing the implications of such integration, encompassing aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, air and water pollution, and other environmental factors. Economic viability and technological advancements are critically assessed, along with an exploration of the socioeconomic and policy implications. From a technical perspective, the integrated catalytic hydrothermal gasification (CHG) system demonstrated the highest energy efficiency among studied systems but at a cost of highest additional biomass import to offset the energy deficit of the reference mill. The paper summarizes the key findings related to the sustainability aspects emphasizing its pivotal role in advancing sustainable energy transitions and reducing carbon emissions. The current study builds new knowledge on black liquor-based hydrogen production leading to ammonia synthesis to key stakeholders and contributes to understanding the potential for sustainable and environmentally friendly green chemical solutions.

2025, DergiPark (Istanbul University)

Günümüzde yaygın bir şekilde ortaya çıkan atık plastiklerin geri dönüşüm dışı yollarla da değerlendirilmesi önemli konulardandır. Bu çalışmada evsel plastik atıklar arasından seçilen yüksek yoğunluklu polietilen (YYPE) ile biyokütle olarak seçilen çam odunu tozunun birlikte pirolizi araştırıldı. Bu materyallerin öğütülmüş örneklerinin belirli oranlarındaki karışımlarından hazırlanan pelletlerin sabit yataktaki pirolizi sonucu oluşan ürünlerin verimlerine farklı piroliz parametrelerinin (ısıtma hızı, son sıcaklık, süpürme hızı, karışım oranı) etkileri ortaya konuldu. Eşit oranda YYPE ve çam odunu bulunduran pelletler ile en yüksek katı ürün verimi 1 o C/min ısıtma hızında, 10 mL/min azot akışı altında ve 500 o C piroliz sıcaklığında elde edildi. En yüksek sıvı ürün verimi ise 5 o C/min' lık ısıtma hızında, azotsuz ortamda (azot sürükleyici gazının kullanılmadığı ve 0 mL/min ile ifade edilen ortam) ve 700 o C piroliz sıcaklığında elde edilmiştir.

2025

An experimental set-up has been developed to study two typical operating points of Diesel powered vehicle, corresponding to high load and low load points. A sensibility study over O/C ratio, injected electric current and mass flow rate have been carried out. The plasma reformer performances have been evaluated in terms of energy efficiency and conversion rate. At low engine load, an energy efficiency of 40% and a conversion rate of 95% have been reached which correspond to a syngas dry molar fraction of 25%. For the most favorable case, only 12 s are needed to regenerate the NOx trap catalyst. The 1D multistage kinetic model developed has shown good trend correlation with experimental results. It has been demonstrated that the oxygen from CO 2 and H 2 O almost does not intervene in the exhaust gas Diesel fuel reforming. At the contrary, CO 2 and H 2 O decrease temperatures, the kinetic reaction speed and the energy efficiency compared to PO x reaction. To higher the temperature, more oxygen is needed but local combustion can happen and promote H 2 O and CO 2 production.

2025

Gasification is a thermochemical pathways used to convert carbonaceous feedstock into syngas (CO and H2) in deprived oxygen environment. The process can accommodate conventional feedstock such as coal as well as discarded waste including plastics, rubber, and even MSW due to the high reactor temperature of 1000 to 1600oC. Pyrolysis is another conversion pathway yet it is more selective to the carbonaceous feedstock as it proceeds at relatively low process temperature (350 to 550oC). Discarded tires can be subjected to pyrolysis however the yield involves the formation of intermediates radicals, remaining in additional to unconverted char. Also due to continuous Random Fission/Radical Recombination, β-Scission/Radical Addition, Depropagation/Propagation, Hydrogen Abstraction devlatilization and recombination, pyrolysis fails to follow equilibrium and very complex to model. Gasification, however, due to their higher temperature and shorter residence time is more opted to follow quasi-...

2025, The transactions of the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan.C

2025

MATLAB® is a trademark of The MathWorks, Inc. and is used with permission. The MathWorks does not warrant the accuracy of the text or exercises in this book. This book's use or discussion of MAT-LAB® software or related products does not constitute endorsement or sponsorship by The MathWorks of a particular pedagogical approach or particular use of the MATLAB® software.

2025, Revista Ciencias Técnicas Agropecuarias

el modelo de núcleo sin reaccionar, además se realiza un diseño de experimento para determinar los modelos matemáticos teóricos para modelar el proceso de combustión.

2025

This paper reports classification of classical Indian melodic structures (Ragas) using a Fuzzy Multi Attribute Decision Model constructed using string matching scores. Sixteen clippings belonging to four different Ragas were matched with standard templates of the Ragas with an aim to detect the occurrences of subsets of the standard templates within a test string. Matching score obtained with subsets of varying lengths (n-grams) have been analyzed using Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP). Matching scores were first fuzzified by assigning them fuzzy memberships. Subsequently, 2, 3 and 4 gram scores were chosen as criteria/attributes against which four alternatives were evaluated. This paper proposes the use of fuzzy entropy for calculating the relative weights for each fuzzy set in the FAHP model. It was observed that classification success rate improved significantly when the n-gram scores were fuzzified and the proposed technique was applied.

2025, Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal

Building energy simulation tools provide accurate predictions of the energetic performance of buildings and thermal comfort of its occupants, allowing an evaluation of the impact of proposed improvement measures, in order to support choice for the more economically viable. This paper aims at determining the energy saving potential that can be obtained by adequate measures and investments. It presents the simulated values of the impact on the energy consumptions of a building, caused by artificial lighting control systems set to maximize use of natural lighting. Results show that optimization measures have a significant impact on energy consumptions reduction, and lead to important economical savings.

2025

Bu calismada celtik saplari farkli katki maddeleri katilarak peletlenip prototip olarak imal edilen sabit yatakli gazlastiricida gazlastirilmistir. Bu amacla katkisiz referans pelet (PRF), %3 PVA (Polyvinyl acetat) katkili (PVA3), %5 melas katkili (PM5), %5 komur tozu katkili (PC5) ve %15 komur tozu katkili (PC15) peletler kullanilmistir. Gazlastirma islemi ustten hava uygulanarak 0.20 hava fazlalik katsayisinda yapilmistir. Ayrica, reaktor icerisinde kor bolgesindeki sicakligin camlasma ve aglomerasyon uzerine etkileri gozlenmistir. Arastirmanin sonucunda kor bolgesindeki sicakligin 800 o C’yi asmasi durumunda camlasma olayinin basladigi saptanmistir. Karistirma isleminin celtik sapinin gazlastirilmasinda olumlu sonuc vermedigi gozlenmistir. Pelet ornekleri belirlenen en uygun yontemle gazlastirilmis ve elde edilen sentez gazin verimleri karsilastirilmistir. En yuksek alt isil deger 4,430 MJ.Nm -3 ile yalnizca celtik sapi kullanilan (PRF) peletlerle, en dusuk alt isil deger 3,899 M...

2025, Energy Engineering

Following global catastrophic infrastructure loss (GCIL), traditional electricity networks would be damaged and unavailable for energy supply, necessitating alternative solutions to sustain critical services. These alternative solutions would need to run without damaged infrastructure and would likely need to be located at the point of use, such as decentralized electricity generation from wood gas. This study explores the feasibility of using modified light duty vehicles to self-sustain electricity generation by producing wood chips for wood gasification. A 2004 Ford Falcon Fairmont was modified to power a woodchipper and an electrical generator. The vehicle successfully produced wood chips suitable for gasification with an energy return on investment (EROI) of 3.7 and sustained a stable output of 20 kW electrical power. Scalability analyses suggest such solutions could provide electricity to the critical water sanitation sector, equivalent to 4% of global electricity demand, if production of woodchippers was increased postcatastrophe. Future research could investigate the long-term durability of modified vehicles and alternative electricity generation, and quantify the scalability of wood gasification in GCIL scenarios. This work provides a foundation for developing resilient, decentralized energy systems to ensure the continuity of critical services during catastrophic events, leveraging existing vehicle infrastructure to enhance disaster preparedness.

2025, Academia Green Energy

This study explores the possibility of producing methanol from Ghanaian agricultural waste biomass, such as rice husk, sawdust, and cocoa pod husk, by employing Aspen Plus simulation and response surface methodology (RSM) as optimization methods. The process is modeled in Aspen Plus using the RPlug reactor model to simulate the reaction kinetics and optimize production factors. Among these, the major factors investigated included the steam-to-biomass ratio (SBR), the gasification temperature, and the reactor temperature for the purpose of optimizing methanol production through response surface methodology. According to this study, the ideal process parameters of SBR at 0.6039, gasification temperature set to 1000 ◦C, and reactor temperature maintained at 296.97 ◦C result in a methanol rate of 14,731 kg/h, corresponding to 78% yield. The simulation was validated against experimental data, revealing its high accuracy, with an R² value of 91.53%, and affirming the practical viability of the model. The economic assessment showed methanol production costs reaching USD 200 per tonne, whereas import prices remained at USD 850 per tonne, which demonstrates the clear financial benefits of local production. The proposed production method generates annual net profits of USD 2.23 million and establishes an investment return of 30%. This study demonstrates that agricultural waste can serve as an eco-friendly methanol production material while helping Ghana improve waste management and achieve energy independence and environmental sustainability. These discoveries lay the groundwork for large-scale methanol production in Ghana, utilizing local biomass resources to enhance the country’s renewable energy strategy, decrease its reliance on imported fuels, and support a circular economy. However, there are still challenges, like fluctuations in biomass characteristics, the high energy consumption of the gasification process, and the integration of a cost-effective catalyst in the methanol reactor. Exploring catalytic enhancements and integrating optimization strategies in future work could further enhance process efficiency.

2025

Electrification ratio in Special Distric of Yogyakarta in 2015 still under 100%, but 100% villages has been electrified. It shows that several houses which far from village which has not been electrified. The alternative solution is to build a small power plant by utilizing rice husks which are quite abundant in Yogyakarta. Diesel Power Plant (PLTD) by dual fuel system studied had a capacity of 50 kVA. Dual fuel system is combin ation of diesel fuel and synthetic gas from gasification of rice husks. This study is discussed about potential of rice husks, gasification equipment design, electrical distribution, and economic feasibility studies. The results showed that 0.2% of rice husks in Yogyakarta is enough to fulfill fuel requirements of PLTD by dual fuel system. Comparison of fuel requirements in PLTD by dual fuel system is 40% or about 4.72 liters/hour of diesel fuel and 60% synthetic gas from gasification of rice husk as much as 33.19 kgs/hour. Reactor is designed to fulfill gas...

2025, Cuadernos de Educación y Desarrollo

A regressão logística multinomial foi aplicada à análise de 22 aceleradores comerciais usados em formulações elastoméricas. O objetivo foi calcular a probabilidade de se classificar, de forma correta, as espécies químicas em: aceleradores lentos/médios; semirrápidos/rápidos, com ação retardada; e, muito rápidos/ultrarrápidos. Para tanto, um conjunto de variáveis preditoras, baseadas em descritores moleculares, foi selecionado. O modelo gerado foi satisfatório, pois o percentual de concordância alcançado foi de 92,5% e as medidas de associação tiveram valor expressivo. No entanto, embora tenha permitido uma distinção adequada dos aceleradores muito rápido/ultrarrápidos dos demais, as probabilidades de ocorrência de um acelerador lento/médio e de um acelerador semirrápido/rápido foram muito similares. A utilização de mais descritores moleculares e/ou a construção de um banco de dados com mais espécies podem ser alternativas para a melhoria do modelo.

2025, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research

Calcined dolomites, limestones, and magnesites are active and inexpensive solids for cleaning raw hot gas from biomass gasifiers with steam. The variations of their activities with timeon-stream are studied here. Simultaneous coke formation and coke elimination by steam gasification increases the life of these "naturally occurring" catalysts under some circumstances. The lives of these solids are studied at different temperatures (800-880 °C), space times (0.08-0.32 kg of dolomite‚h/nm 3 ), particle diameters (1-4 mm), and types of solid. Not much deactivation was observed for tar concentration in the raw gas below 48 g/nm 3 , particle diameters of less than 1.9 mm, temperatures above 800 °C, and space times above 0.13 kg‚h/nm 3 . The effectiveness of these calcined minerals is compared with that of an inert material (silica sand) and with a commercial steam reforming catalyst (R-67 from Haldor Topsøe).

2025, Atlantis Highlights in Engineering

Energy consumption and environmental pollutants have to become present issues. So, the reduced of energy fossil in the community is to overcome the highly prices of oil and gas. Therefore, an alternative energy innovation from biomass is needed. Gasification is to energy produces from solid material to convert into gases such as sawdust, leaves, rice husks and more gases. In this study, we made a small-scale design of biomass gasification. It will give more several advantages such as simple design, especially for rural area. In this research, we used methods consists of five stages. First is literature study; secondly to design and material process; thirdly is manufacturing and assembly; next stages is measurement and data collection; and the last stages is testing, which is evaluating the performance of gasification as possible modifying tools if needed. In this design, we used a fan-blower to supply fresh air as limited oxygen into the fuel column. The results of test, we obtained an average boiling time, the pot stove of 60 minutes which the temperature rises from 47.24 o C to 66 o C. It showed the temperature pot stove have to highest reached to 79.5 o C as the temperature available to water boiling. The performance test given the results as the hot start as the flame-fire temperature on top the stove. We obtained the highest temperature is to 146 o C and the average temperature is reached to 104.9 o C. Based on that we estimated energy is to 5.314 kJ/hr, is required cooking for one family in Indonesia, the coned downdraft gasification was design and assembly; the total height and diameter of 0.752m and of 0.158m. We found the thermal temperature reaches during the operation time varying between 45.8% -64.4% it's lowest to the highest value test using thermocouple data. As a conclusion of this study, we obtained the temperature of pot-stove is slowly reaches from 59.5% to 71.6% of boiling water.

2025

Heat exchanger merupakan komponen penting dalam berbagai aplikasi industri, termasuk pembangkit listrik, pengolahan kimia, dan sistem HVAC. Review ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan merangkum temuan dari lima jurnal terkini yang... more

2025, Energy & Fuels

Fly ash from biomass gasification differs considerably from conventional combustion ashes. Gasification ash might contain high concentrations of unburned carbon and harmful, soluble compounds. This restricts direct ash utilization and makes some pretreatment necessary, representing a significant share of the overall operating cost of gasification-based systems for energy production. Therefore, economic methods for the management of this type of ash without any pretreatment are attractive. In this paper, we present an initial study on new lightweight plasterboard made of gasification ash. Our goal was to come up with a product that satisfies two basic requirements: (1) the product is mostly made of fly ash, and (2) the product enables the utilization of ash without any pretreatment. We manufactured plates by means of low-cost moulding and curing methods, using ash percentages of up to 60% (w/w). Gypsum and additives (vermiculite and fiber) were added to provide the plates with acceptable mechanical and thermal properties. The fly ash used was generated in a fluidized-bed pilot plant for processing orujillo, a byproduct of the olive oil industry. Mechanical, thermal, and environmental properties of ash gasification plates were studied and compared with commercial plates. The results lead us to conclude that the plates could be used commercially as fire-resistant construction boards, and therefore, the potential for commercial development is promising. In addition, the overall environmental benefit of waste gasification plus ash utilization of a difficult fly ash makes the overall process attractive.

2025, Sabil Mustafa

Karya tulis ini membahas optimalisasi efisiensi energi dalam industri melalui pemanfaatan energi alternatif dan teknologi perpindahan panas. Fokus utama terletak pada pemanfaatan gasifikasi limbah industri pulp sebagai sumber energi alternatif serta penerapan berbagai jenis penukar panas (heat exchanger) seperti plate-frame dan shell and tube untuk meningkatkan efisiensi termal di sektor pembangkit listrik dan manufaktur. Selain itu, dibahas pula potensi material perubahan fase (PCM) dalam sistem penyimpanan energi thermal yang mampu menjaga kestabilan suhu dan efisiensi penyimpanan. Studi literatur menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi teknologi tersebut mendukung keberlanjutan dan penghematan energi, meskipun terdapat tantangan teknis dan ekonomi dalam penerapannya. Keseluruhan kajian ini menekankan pentingnya inovasi dan pengembangan berkelanjutan dalam teknologi perpindahan panas untuk meningkatkan efisiensi energi industri.

2025

Penelitian ini mengkaji integrasi sistem gasifikasi limbah pulp, heat exchanger, Phase Change Material (PCM), dan fuel cell untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan keberlanjutan energi di industri pulp. Gasifikasi sludge dan black liquor pada suhu >750°C dan tekanan >10 bar menghasilkan syngas yang dapat menggantikan gas alam pada pembakaran lime kiln. Penggunaan heat exchanger tipe shell & tube (efisiensi 72–83%) dan plate-frame meningkatkan pemulihan panas dari proses tersebut. PCM yang diperkaya grafit berpori dan busa tembaga memungkinkan penyimpanan energi panas secara efisien, sementara fuel cell mampu mengubah syngas menjadi listrik bersih, dengan syarat manajemen termal yang baik. Integrasi keempat teknologi ini menunjukkan potensi besar dalam menurunkan emisi, menekan konsumsi energi fosil, dan menciptakan sistem energi industri pulp yang lebih berkelanjutan.

2025

Biomass energy is a sustainable and renewable source of power generation that can reduce dependence on fossil fuels while addressing waste management challenges. This project focuses on the designing and modeling of electrical power generation from biomass, specifically utilizing human waste, and cafeteria wastage as feed stocks. The study explores various biomass conversion technologies, including anaerobic digestion, gasification, and pyrolysis, to determine the most efficient method for energy conversion. Advanced simulation tools HOMER, software will be used to model and analyze the performance of the proposed system. Key performance indicators, including energy efficiency, power output, emissions, and grid integration, will be evaluated to optimize system operation. The research will also address challenges related to feedstock variability, process optimization, and stability of biomass-based power generation. The expected outcomes of this study include a comprehensive biomass power generation model, optimized conversion processes, and recommendations for integrating biomass-based electricity into the grid. This research contributes to the development of sustainable energy solutions, promoting efficient waste-to-energy conversion while reducing environmental impact. For Ethiopian Police UNIVERSITY

2025, Seminar Nasional Teknik Kimia Kejuangan

Wood waste from furniture industries was gasified using up-draft gasifier type. The type of wood was used is mahogany. Operation of the gasifier is batch model with wood waste concumption per batch is 4 kg, 7 kg and 9 kg. Equivalent ratio of air used is 24,73%, 14,13% and 10,99%. The mahogany have properties of ultimate analysis is 13,8%-wt moisture content, 65,8%-wt volatile matter, 48,7%-wt fixed carbon and 2,24%-ash. Temperature profile of gasifier observed during operation as a time function. The gasifier also integrated with scrubber buble column and water as a solvent to minimize tar in the producer gas. The scrubber buble column was used has efficiency removal is 57,41%.

2025, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

h i g h l i g h t s g r a p h i c a l a b s t r a c t Commercial success of small-scale biomass gasification highly underrated. Many small-scale gasifier technologies successfully tackle the tar problem. Gasifier development reviewed with key indicators of gasifier performance identified. Methodolgy proposed for ranking gasifier technologies delivering best performance. Plasma, two stage fixed bed and stratified downdraft gasifiers ranked highest.

2025, Química Nova

BIOMETHANOL PRODUCTION VIA GASIFICATION OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS. With rising global energy demands and the perception of an imminent lack of petroleum, a main source of energy, comes a big rush for renewable and sustainable energetic sources. In Brazil, a reasonable fraction of energy comes from biomass, a renewable source with increasing energetic potential, not only for the direct production of energy in combustion but also as feedstock in the chemical industry. In this context, Bio-Methanol arises as one of the possible substitutes for petroleum fuels, since it can come from renewable sources, has excellent fuel properties and low CO 2 emissions. Bio-Methanol produced from biomass via gasification is well known, and its advantages are increasing, with new studies and technologies appearing around the process. This literature review summarizes recent technology for bio-methanol production and the economics of large-scale applications, presenting the advantages of the process along with the future prospects of bio-methanol in Brazil.

2025

Gasification processes are complicated with numerous parameters. It makes us difficult to understand the whole process nature. Therefore, a simplified approach based on modified stoichiometric equilibrium model for downdraft gasifier is designed in order to simulate the overall gasification process. The model uses the chemical reactions and species involved, while it starts by selecting all species containing C, H, O and N. Mass and energy balances of the gasifier -coupled with two equilibrium reactions are incorporated to create the model. This model can be solved with user friendly Micorsoft Excel and nonlinear Matlab solver. To validate the model, a close agreement is shown between numerical and experimental results within the same configuration. It can predict the composition of producer gases and heating values with acceptable accuracy. After validation, it is simulated to study the effects of temperature, moisture content of biomass and air-fuel ratio (related to equivalence r...

2025

O mapeamento sistematico de padroes de relevo em nivel municipal consiste num produto elaborado para subsidiar o "Programa Cartas Municipais de Suscetibilidade a Movimentos de Massa, Enxurradas e Inundacoes (escala 1:25.000)", elaborado pela CPRM – Servico Geologico do Brasil e IPT-Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnologicas, cujas acoes estao inseridas no Plano Nacional de Gestao de Risco e Respostas a Desastres Nacionais implantado em atendimento a Lei 12.608 que gere a politica Nacional de Defesa Civil. Apresenta contribuicao para analise e determinacao das distintas classes de suscetibilidade nos mais variados municipios do territorio brasileiro, sob diversos dominios morfoclimaticos. Entretanto, uma acao de mapeamento geomorfologico sistematico de um expressivo numero de municipios em todo o Brasil em escala de semidetalhe (1:25.000) reveste-se de um grande valor intrinseco. Assim sendo, tais mapas de padroes de relevo podem ser utilizados para diversas finalidades e pelos ma...

2025, Nature Communications

The rising concentration of plastics due to extensive disposal and inefficient recycling of plastic waste poses an imminent and critical threat to the environment and ecological systems. Photocatalytic reforming of plastic derivatives to value-added chemicals under ambient conditions proceeds at lower oxidation potential which galvanizes the hydrogen evolution. We report the synthesis of a narrow band gap NCN-functionalized O-bridged carbon nitride (MC) through condensation polymerization of hydrogen-bonded melem (M)-cyameluric acid (C) macromolecular aggregate. The MC scaffold hosts well-dispersed Ir single atom (MCIrSA) sites which catalyze oxidative photoreforming of alkali-treated polylactic acid (PLA) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) derivatives to produce H2 at a rate of 147.5 and 29.58 μmol g−1cat h−1 under AM1.5G irradiation. Solid-state electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) reveals efficient charge carrier generation and separation in MCIrSA. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and Bader charge analysis reveal undercoordinated IrN2O2 SA sites pinned in C6N7 moieties leading to efficient hole quenching. The liquid phase EPR, in situ FTIR and density functional theory (DFT) studies validate the facile generation of •OH radicals due to the evolution of O-Ir-OH transient species with weak Ir--OH desorption energy barrier.

2025, Energy Engineering

2025, Tecnica Italiana-Italian Journal of Engineering Science

Biomass gasification was investigated by a thermodynamic analysis with the scope to understand the effect of the injection of different gasifying agents and of the gasification temperature on the output variables of process. The thermodynamic analysis was carried out by a freeware commercial software. Gasification temperature in the range of 750-950°C, together with different gasification agents air and steam, were investigated. In the case of air process equivalence was varied up to complete combustion of the biomass. For steam gasification the molar steam/biomass ratio was increased up to 9. The investigated output variables of the process were gas yield, heating value and gas composition.

2025

Biyokutle dunyada temin edilen enerjinin yaklasik %14’unu karsilamaktadir. Biyokutle uretimi amaciyla enerji ormanciligi calismalari 1960’li yillarin ortalarindan itibaren baslamis ve ozellikle 1970’li yillarda ortaya cikan petrol krizinden sonra hizlanmistir. Bu sistemde, kavak, okaliptus ve sogut gibi hizli buyuyen turler sik dikim araliklari ile tarim uygulamasina benzer yogun bir isletim sistemiyle biyokutle uretimi amaciyla kullanilmaktadir. Ulkemizde, baltalik alanlarinda yapilan iyilestirme calismalari enerji ormanciligina yonelik olarak degerlendirilmekle birlikte, bu alanlar ve kullanilan turlerin modern anlamda uygulanan enerji ormanciligina uygun olmadigi gorulmektedir.

2025, Chemical Engineering Research and Design

A fluidized bed with a large, continuous horizontal flow of particles (cross-flow) can lead to a sloped bed level, leaving a heat exchanger immersed in the fluidized bed covered by different amounts of particles. This facilitates particles bypassing the heat exchanger, thereby reducing its efficiency. Pressurized zones can be utilized to control the bed level along the particles' horizontal path, achieving a more even distribution of particles across the heat exchanger. Designing this level control system requires a physical model of the particle flow that accounts for the impact of pressurized zones, for which a new particle dispersion model was developed in this study. Dynamic simulations and experiments on a test rig were used to calibrate and validate the new particle dispersion model. The model was able to correctly predict the dynamic behavior of bed levels influenced by pressurized zones within a few millimeters. This model can be used to design and analyze a fluidized bed level control system. Further research on additional influencing factors of particle dispersion, in particular the heat exchanger's configuration, is still required to achieve general applicability of the new particle dispersion model.

2025, Recent Advancements in Biofuels and Bioenergy Utilization

2025

The explosion of plastic waste generation, approaching 400 million tons per year, has created a worldwide environmental crisis that conventional waste management systems cannot handle. This problem can be solved through gasification, which converts nonrecyclable plastics to syngas with potential applications in electricity generation and synthetic fuel production. This study investigates whether syngas production from plastic waste by gasification is environmentally and economically feasible. Environmental impacts were assessed through a life cycle assessment framework using a life cycle impact assessment approach, ReCiPe 2016, with 10 midpoint/endpoint categories. Midpoint results of the baseline scenario with grid-mix electricity revealed climate change (GWP) of 775 kg CO 2 equivalent and fossil depletion potential (FDP) of 311 kg oil equivalent per ton of plastic waste. Meanwhile, a solar scenario showed GWP as 435 kg CO 2 equivalent and FDP as 166 kg oil equivalent per ton of plastic waste. Switching to solar energy cut GWP 44% and FDP 47%, respectively. However, the tradeoffs were higher human toxicity potential (HTP) and marine ecotoxicity potential (METP) due to upstream material extraction of renewable systems, respectively. Among environmental performance drivers, electricity inputs and operating materials were identified through sensitivity and uncertainty analyses. Syngas production from a plant of 50 tons per day can yield electricity sales revenue of USD 4.79 million, excluding USD 4.05 million in operational expenditures. Financial indicators like a 2.06-year payback period, USD 5.32 million net present value over a 20-year project life, and 38.2% internal rate of return indicate the profitability of the system. An external cost analysis showed emissions-related costs of USD 26.43 per ton of plastic waste processed, dominated by CO 2 and NO x emissions. Despite these costs, the avoided impacts of less landfilling/incineration and electricity generation support gasification. Gasification should be promoted as a subsidy and incentive by policymakers for wider adoption and integration into municipal waste management systems. Findings show it can be adapted to global sustainability goals and circular economy principles while delivering strong economic returns. The study findings also contribute to several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), for instance, SDG 7 by promoting clean energy technologies, SDG 12 by implementing circular economy, and SDG 13 by reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.