Biosorption of heavy metals Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025, African journal of biological sciences

The frequent and deliberate release of harmful substances leads to increase the environmental hazards day by day. Hazardous substances have been inadvertently or deliberately discharged into the environment due to industrial activities, including nuclear testing, agricultural practices, and various aspects of daily living. Pesticides, heavy metals, hydrocarbons, pharmaceuticals, halogenated solvents, and agrochemicals are recognised as

2025, Sarhad Journal of Agriculture

The effect of brickworks emissions on heavy metal content of soil and plants around the brick kiln chimneys was studied in the year 2006. Two brick kilns (A and B) about 600 m away from Ring Road at SufaidDheri on southerrn sideofPeshawar, Pakistan were selected for this study. The two bricks kilns were North -South to each other with 300 m distance in between, such that South direction from brick kiln A was north for brick kiln B. Eighteen soil and eighteen plant samples were collected from eighteen different sites at different distances i.e. 100, 200 and 300 m from brick kiln chimney in East, West, North and South direc tions. In addition sixteen dust samples were also collected in plastic buckets installed at a height of 3 m in different directions of the brick kiln chimney. Concentration of heavy metals in plants was determined using the wet acid digestion method. Cd an d Cr concentration in plants for Brick kiln A and B, respectively were (2.03 and 1.9, 5.76and 3.5 mg kg -1 ). ...

2025, Journal of Bioremediation & Biodegradation

2025, International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology

Herein, the efficiency of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves as biosorbent for lead and copper was investigated. The particle size distribution was determined by Granulometric analysis and the functional groups were identified by FT-IR spectroscopy. The effects of contact time, pH and initial metal ions concentration were investigated. The experimental kinetic data were well fitted by the pseudo-second order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm with a maximum adsorption capacity up to 71 mg g -1 and 37 mg g -1 for Cu 2+ and Pb 2+ respectively. The selectivity was examined in a binary ions solution where the adsorbent showed preference for lead over copper.

2025, Libyan Journal of Science

The current research investigated how effectively two biosorbent materials made from green tea; dry powdered material (DPM) and charcoal powdered material (CPM), removed the methylene blue from aqueous solutions. Various experimental parameters were examined, including the pH, temperature, initial dye concentration, amount of adsorbent, and contact time. The results demonstrated that the maximum adsorption efficiency for both DPM and CPM occurred at pH 10. The adsorption equilibrium was rapidly attained for DPM and CPM, taking 10 and 15 min, respectively. The adsorption data was fitted with four isotherm models: Dubinin-Kaganer-Radushkevich (D-R) model, Freundlich, Temkin, and Langmuir models. The best correlation was found in Langmuir model (R 2 = 0.996 & 0.991). Maximum adsorption capacity values of 15.58 mg/g for DPM and 18.66 mg/g for CPM were found using the Langmuir equation. The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model. The thermodynamic results showed a standard enthalpy change (ΔH o = 24.40 and 4.07 kJ/mol), standard entropy change (ΔS o = 92.93 and 13.34 J/mol•K), and standard Gibbs free energy change (ΔG o =-3.31 and 0.20 kJ/mol) for DPM and CPM, respectively. These findings indicate that the biosorption process is spontaneous and endothermic, as evidenced by the negative values of Gibbs free energy change (ΔG o < 0) and the positive values of enthalpy change (ΔH o > 0), respectively. The study demonstrates the efficient way in which dyes from wastewater can be removal by using biosorbents made from green tea.

2025, Journal of Environmental Management

The contamination of groundwater by heavy metal, originating either from natural soil sources or from anthropogenic sources is a matter of utmost concern to the public health. Remediation of contaminated groundwater is of highest priority since billions of people all over the world use it for drinking purpose. In this paper, thirty five approaches for groundwater treatment have been reviewed and classified under three large categories viz chemical, biochemical/biological/biosorption and physico-chemical treatment processes. Comparison tables have been provided at the end of each process for a better understanding of each category. Selection of a suitable technology for contamination remediation at a particular site is one of the most challenging job due to extremely complex soil chemistry and aquifer characteristics and no thumb-rule can be suggested regarding this issue. In the past decade, iron based technologies, microbial remediation, biological sulphate reduction and various adsorbents played versatile and efficient remediation roles. Keeping the sustainability issues and environmental ethics in mind, the technologies encompassing natural chemistry, bioremediation and biosorption are recommended to be adopted in appropriate cases. In many places, two or more techniques can work synergistically for better results. Processes such as chelate extraction and chemical soil washings are advisable only for recovery of valuable metals in highly contaminated industrial sites depending on economical feasibility.

2025, Environmental Progress

2025, Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment

2025

Leachate is liquid that permeated through rubbish heap that contained of organic/inorganic substances and heavy metals which influence human health if it accumulated in human body. Some types and number of heavy metal ions contained in leachate determine rate of pollution in the leachate’s original place. To eliminate content of heavy metal ions of leachate, this research used Electrolysis Remediation method using 2-D hexagonal electrode. It was expected that, after the electrolysis remediation process, content of heavy metal ions of leachate could be reduced, so that it existed under threshold. Leachate analysis used electrolysis remediation observing pH, resistivity and concentration of heavy metals, such as Hg, Cu, Cr, and Cd of leachate before, during and after processing the electrolysis. Results of research indicated that contents of leachate in Hg metal ions were 2.149 ppm; Cu, 0.074 ppm; Cr, 0.272 ppm; Pb, 0.161 ppm; and Zn = 0.340 ppm. For Cd was not detected in the leachat...

2025

Environmental bacteria have an important role in the removal and improvement of metals from polluted area. Metal-microbe interactions as a form of detoxification of metal have been developed. In this study, we investigated the ability of Tabrizicola aquatica RCRI19 T , a novel environmental bacterium isolated from deepwater from Qurugöl Lake nearby Tabriz city, Iran, to Fe(III)-reduction as an electron acceptor in minimal essential elements condition. Subsequently, bioabsorption behaviour of heavy metals (Ni 2+ , Co 2+ , pb 2+) by strain RCRI19 T has been demonstrated. Our results showed that strain RCRI19 T can reduce 20mM ferric-citrate particularly in anaerobic condition, and a positive correlation was observed between bacterial growth and iron (II) production. Owing to its iron reduction rate, T. aquatica RCRI19 T may contribute to iron mineral transformation and element cycling in deepwater of the lake. We further observed that the dead biomass of strain RCRI19 T absorbs of heavy metals (Ni 2+ , Co 2+ and Pb 2+) from aqueous solution. The optimum conditions of biosorption are in pH = 4 for Ni 2+ , Pb 2+ and pH = 5 for Co 2+. The equilibrium experimental data fitted both of Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms and displayed monolayer adsorption. Two kinetic models, namely pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order were used to describe the kinetics of heavy metal ion biosorption on T. aquatica. Pseudo second order was the best of the other kinetic.

2025, Biosorption of Cd (II) from Aqueous Solution Using Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) Leaf: Kinetics, Equilibrium, and Thermodynamics

The presence of metal ions in aqueous solutions represents a major environmental problem. These inorganic species are persistent and non-biodegradable pollutants that should be eliminated from water. It occurs due to the direct and indirect discharge of diverse chemicals into the water bodies without sufficient treatment to reduce and diminish the harmful compounds. The biomass materials utilized in this research were cashew (Anacardium occidentale) leaves. This was discussed along with the principal factors affecting the biosorption process, such as solution pH, biomass dose, metal ion concentration, and contact time. The potential health and environmental hazards of metal ions, in addition to the kinetic and isothermal models assessed to fit the biosorption experimental data, were also considered. The kinetic and isothermal models follow pseudo second order and Freundlich, respectively. The maximum biosorption was obtained at 180 minutes at pH 5 and 323 K for an initial Cd (II) concentration of 90 mg/L. This indicates that the cashew (Anacardium occidentale) leaf is a good biosorbent for the treatment of Cd (II)bearing wastewater.

2025, Journal of applied science and environmental management

Green approach on wastewater treatment strategies aims to promote sustainable and environmentally friendly methods for treating wastewater while also reducing the environmental impact of traditional wastewater treatment processes. Hence, the objective of this paper was to undertake a critical review of green approach on wastewater treatment strategies using standard techniques of harvesting data from secondary sources from 2015 to 2023. Information obtained reveals that energy-efficient treatment technologies, such as anaerobic digestion and membrane bioreactors, use less energy than traditional treatment technologies. Treating wastewater for reuse can reduce the demand for freshwater resources and the energy required for water treatment. Onsite wastewater treatment systems, such as septic systems and composting toilets, can reduce the amount of wastewater that needs to be transported and treated at centralized facilities. Incorporating green infrastructure, such as rain gardens and permeable pavement, into urban areas can help reduce the amount of stormwater runoff that enters the wastewater treatment system. Extracting nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, from wastewater can be used as a fertilizer for crops, reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers. Overall, these green wastewater treatment strategies aim to reduce the energy consumption, chemical usage, and environmental impact of traditional wastewater treatment processes, while promoting sustainable and efficient use of resources

2025, Environmental Science and Pollution Research

This study involved preparation and modification of Saccharum officinarium as adsorbent used for the removal of chromium (VI) ions in a batch process. The adsorbent was modified with oxalic acid for improved performance of the adsorbent by increasing the surface area of the adsorbent. Surface morphology of the adsorbents was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), while Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis was carried out before and after the adsorption of Cr (VI) ions to determine the participating functional group in the processes. The optimum adsorption was attained at pH 2 and contact time of 180 min with efficiency of adsorption of 56.7 and 92.6% onto RSO and MSO, respectively. The adsorption capacity increases with increase in initial metal ion concentration of the sorption mixture. The isotherms studies indicate that the experimental data were best fitted to Freundlich, Langmuir, and Sips models with R 2 = 0.999 for adsorption of Cr (VI) ions onto raw S. officinarium (RSO) and modified S. officinarium (MSO). The maximum adsorption capacity obtained were 227.27 and 243.90 mg*g-1 while the adsorption energy obtained from D-R were found to be 3.460 and 6.325 kJ*mol-1 onto RSO and MSO, respectively. This revealed that the physiosorption process was favored in interaction of Cr (VI) ions onto both adsorbents. Separation factors obtained showed that the process is favored with increase in initial concentration of the adsorbate. Thermodynamic parameter values obtained showed that the sorption of Cr (VI) ions onto RSO and MSO is feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic in nature. The positive value of ΔS° indicates increase in disorderliness of the adsorption process. Kinetic data achieved at different initial concentrations of adsorbate have been analyzed, and the mechanism of the reaction was also studied by intra-particle and Bangham kinetic model. Each of the models was tested with R 2 ˃ 0.9, where pseudo-second-order is the best-fitted model and Bangham mechanism only fitted with adsorption of Cr (VI) ions onto RSO. The reusability potential of RSO and MSO contributes to the economic values and reliability of the adsorbents for removal of Cr (VI) ions from aqueous solution.

2025

This study involved preparation and modification of Saccharum officinarium as adsorbent used for the removal of chromium (VI) ions in a batch process. The adsorbent was modified with oxalic acid for improved performance of the adsorbent by increasing the surface area of the adsorbent. Surface morphology of the adsorbents was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), while Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis was carried out before and after the adsorption of Cr (VI) ions to determine the participating functional group in the processes. The optimum adsorption was attained at pH 2 and contact time of 180 min with efficiency of adsorption of 56.7 and 92.6% onto RSO and MSO, respectively. The adsorption capacity increases with increase in initial metal ion concentration of the sorption mixture. The isotherms studies indicate that the experimental data were best fitted to Freundlich, Langmuir, and Sips models with R 2 = 0.999 for adsorption of Cr (VI) ions onto raw S. officinarium (RSO) and modified S. officinarium (MSO). The maximum adsorption capacity obtained were 227.27 and 243.90 mg*g -1 while the adsorption energy obtained from D-R were found to be 3.460 and 6.325 kJ*mol -1 onto RSO and MSO, respectively. This revealed that the physiosorption process was favored in interaction of Cr (VI) ions onto both adsorbents. Separation factors obtained showed that the process is favored with increase in initial concentration of the adsorbate. Thermodynamic parameter values obtained showed that the sorption of Cr (VI) ions onto RSO and MSO is feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic in nature. The positive value of ΔS° indicates increase in disorderliness of the adsorption process. Kinetic data achieved at different initial concentrations of adsorbate have been analyzed, and the mechanism of the reaction was also studied by intra-particle and Bangham kinetic model. Each of the models was tested with R 2 ˃ 0.9, where pseudo-second-order is the best-fitted model and Bangham mechanism only fitted with adsorption of Cr (VI) ions onto RSO. The reusability potential of RSO and MSO contributes to the economic values and reliability of the adsorbents for removal of Cr (VI) ions from aqueous solution.

2025

The research included a study of the adsorption of the artificial food dye (E110) using granular activated carbon as an adsorbent surface. This dye is characterized as a complex chemical substance with a high molecular weight that contains different active groups. To create the standard calibration curve for the food dye(E110) , I used the spectroscopic analytical method (UV-Vis spectroscopy), and then the remaining concentration of the dye was calculated and the amount of adsorption capacity and efficiency. Also, some factors affecting the adsorption process were studied, such as the effect of the initial concentration of the food dye and the temperature at the ranges ( 298,303,308,313, 318k) and the weight of the adsorbent and the effect of contact time and solvent type on this process. In order to calculate the thermodynamic functions for the adsorption process, we used the values of the equilibrium constant first. From the Van't Hoff equation, the values of (∆H) were calculated, and then we used the values of the distribution coefficient (Kd) at the same temperature range, as all values in both cases were positive, indicating that the adsorption process of this food dye is endothermic and did not exceed (40 KJ/ mole), Which indicates that it is a physical process in nature, Also, the negative values of (∆G⸰), when using the values of equilibrium constants, indicated that the adsorption process is an spontaneous process at low temperatures, and with increasing temperatures, we noticed an increase in the spontaneous of the process as the initial concentration of the food dye remained constant. Conversely, when the initial concentration was increased and at the same temperature, the values of (∆G⸰) I said this means that the adsorption process tended toward less spontaneous, but when using (Kd) values, the results for (∆G⸰) values showed that adsorption is non-spontaneous through its positive sign, and when the temperature is increased and the initial concentration is the same, the adsorption process tends to towards less spontaneity.The values of both (∆S, ∆S⸰) were positive and with close values, and this confirms that the food dye molecules at equilibrium are more organized than at other stages in the adsorption process. The values of the the sticking probability(S*) were also calculated from the developed Arrhenius equation. The results were in the preferred range in the adsorption process (1 < S* < 0), which indicates the presence of physical adsorption of food dye molecules on the surface of the adsorbent material. As for the values of the apparent activation energies It indicated that the adsorption process is a controlled diffusion and that adsorption prefers low temperatures, which is within the range used in this study.

2025, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL RESEARCH

In the present study we explore the possibility of deploying agricultural waste such as Coirpith and Peanut shell waste as heavy metal (lead) adsorbents from a synthetic media. The adsorption of lead (Pb) was carried out using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The influence of adsorption factors viz., initial concentration of adsorbate (Pb), adsorbent dosage, and agitation time (Exposure time of adsorbate). A total of 15 runs of experiments were conducted employing the detailed conditions designed by RSM based on Box-Behnken Design. Results as Contour plots and Surface plots were analysed to know the interactions between the factors. Coirpith could absorb a maximum of 99.060% whereas, a maximum adsorption of 96.27% was achieved by peanut shell. The experimental values well agreed with the RSM predicted values. Coirpith seems to be better adsorbent over peanut shell. RSM seems to be an ideal tool to undertake adsorption, bio-remedial studies.

2025

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) considers one of the world's major cereal crops and a major crop for human consumption with protein and carbohydrates. Four Arabian wheat, T. aestivum L. were collected from Egypt, Libya, Yemen and Iraq. Five cultivars from each country were used in the current study to evaluate these wheat cultivars under the Egyptian conditions based on morphological, biochemical and yield characteristics during 2021/2022 and 2022/2023 harvest seasons. Nine characters were selected, plant height (cm), number of tillers /plants, spikeletes number/spike, number of grains /spikes, 1000 grains weight, grain yield (kg/fed.), straw yield (kg/fed.), biological yield (kg/fed.) and harvest index (%). In addition, cluster analysis was used to detect the genetic distance and similarity among the tested wheat cultivars. The results indicated high significant differences among wheat cultivars in relation to plant height (cm). Concerning to tillers number per plant ranged from 2 and 2.40 as lowest mean for Mergawey, Kazeno (Libya) to 4.73 and 5.05 as the highest mean Acsad (Yemen) and Gemmeiza 9 (Egypt). Significant variations were observed between the different wheat cultivars in respect to spikeletes/spike. Results indicated that harvest index was linked to the morphological data. Our results indicated that more than ten wheat cultivars showed high harvest index ranged from 40 to 45.28% in both harvest seasons. Cluster analysis showed all the wheat cultivaes divided into two main groups with 90% gentic similirity, the first group includes the Egyptain wheat (Gemmeiza, 9) in separate cluster, while the second clusters includes all thye tested wheat cultivars in seperates groups. The second main cluster divided into two sub main groups with 93% similirity. Data from phlygentic and relationship showed the different between some arabian wheat and it could be used as indicater in the futuer breeding programes.

2025, ARPN journal of engineering and applied sciences

In Malaysia, an increasing number of hazardous compounds are being discharged into the mainstream and downgrade the water quality. Textile industry was an example from which pollutants produced and discharged to our mainstream. The main pollution source of textile wastewater comes from the dyeing and finishing process included with the present of high suspended solid (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), colour, phosphate and other soluble substances. Most of these can be harmful if discharged directly to the mainstream without any precaution. Polluted water can be treated with the use of activated carbon as a media of adsorber. Therefore, this project is aimed to study the effect of using various design shape of commercial granular activated carbon (GAC) for the textile wastewater filteration purposes. Seven types of pollutants contributor will be observed which are total suspended solid (TSS), BOD, COD, colour, phosphate, nitrate and sulfate to dete...

2025, Journal of applied science and environmental management

2025, Applied Water Science

The runoff of textile dye effluents into public water bodies is a major environmental and health problem. Color removal,
in particular, has recently become of substantial scientific interest, as revealed by the multitude of related research reports.
The present study focused on measuring the efficiency of two marine algae, Ulva fasciata and Pterocladia capillacea, in
bio-removal of four synthetic dyes (RY2, RR195, RB19, and RB5) based on the fresh and dried biomass of the tested algal
species. According to the highest removal efficiencies of the dyes, two algal species were chosen from among nine different
algae. Bio-removal efficiency was examined under the effects of salinity and contact time. The results of this experiment
revealed that algae achieved high bio-removal efficiency of the examined dyes in both fresh and saline water, but the removal
percentages were higher in saline water compared to fresh conditions. The highest removal percentage recorded after 8 h by
fresh U. fasciata in saline water reached 82.75 and 83.23% for RY2 and RR195 dyes, respectively. Contact time has the highest
impact on dye removal in both algal species. The highest removal values were obtained in the case of dried U. fasciata,
which achieved impressive removal percentages that reached 100% for RB195 and RB5 and fresh P. capillacea which had
high removal percentages of 91.11, 94.85 and 97.13% for RR195, RB19, and RB5 dyes, respectively, after 8 h. Our results
revealed that the used algal species were highly significant in the biosorption of most used dyes.

2025, The International Maritime and Logistics Conference “Marlog 12”.

The presence of heavy metal ions in water is hazardous to one's health and the environment. Algae
are frequently exposed to heavy metal pollution as a result of industrial waste dumping into water
environments. Spirulina platensis, a significant kind of algae utilized commercially (especially for fish
feeding) as a good source of protein, amino acids, minerals, vital unsaturated fatty acids, and a number
of vitamins, was selected for this study because of its high nutritional value. This study examined how
S. platensis responded to five different concentrations of the three heavy metals (nickel, copper, and
zinc) in terms of its growth, fatty acid IR spectra, content, and total soluble protein profile. The
remaining four doses (two higher and two lower) for each element were selected to evaluate the
findings of 5 different concentrations of the three heavy metals because the EC50 for those three was
almost at 2.0 mg/l. Compared to zinc and nickel, copper demonstrated a greater growth inhibitory
impact as determined by optical density. Cu2+ was more noticeable than Zn2+ and Ni2+ when compared
to control cells in the IR spectra, which showed the creation of new molecules and the lack of other
compounds. Total fatty acids decreased under stress at all concentrations examined, while saturated
fatty acids outnumbered unsaturated fatty acids. Cu2+ stress resulted in a more marked destructive
effect of the heavy metal ions the protein profile than Zn2+ or Ni2+ stress.

2025, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment.

Microalgae are rich source of protein
containing necessary amino acids at different levels.
The present study was designed to assess stimulatory
and/or inhibitory impact of five different concentrations
(5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 mg/L) of three
essential heavy metals (nickel, zinc, and copper) on
protein content (soluble, insoluble, and total) of the
marine unicellular green alga Dunaliella tertiolecta.
Further, geospatial analyses were used to assess the
suitability of Qaroun Lake for D. tertiolecta proliferation.
The experimental results showed a gradual
increase in protein content of D. tertiolecta with low
concentrations of the three investigated heavy metals.
However, increasing levels of heavy metals led to inhibitory effect on protein synthesis in alga with
different grades. Ni, Zn and Cu levels in Qaroun lake
were found suitable for the proliferation of Dunaliella
(Lower than 5 mg/L). The present study highly recommends
the necessity to encourage site selection of
optimal marine environments suitable for the proliferation
of marine algae rich in protein content.

2025, The International Maritime and Logistics Conference Marlog 9”

This study focused on heavy metal pollution as one of the most dangerous type of pollutants. The
presence of heavy metal ions in water can create a serious damage to the aquatic life because
they are accumulated through the food chain and produce toxic effects in plants, animals and
human. Port operations can lead to environmental impacts on air, water and land. Many
communities with environmental justice concerns also experience disparities in health outcomes
that they attribute to exposure to emissions from port operations. The biomarker concept has
been associated with an 'early warning' of pollution-induced stress. The work designed to
estimate the stimulatory or inhibitory effects of three heavy metals (nickel, zinc and copper) on
the growth of the marine unicellular green alga Dunaliella tertiolecta which used as biological
biomarker for different pollutants. Three heavy metals were selected during the present study
based on their abundance in the industrial waste water around Alexandria, as well as, their effect
on the receiving aquatic ecosystems, also they considered essential micro-element for growth of
different algal species. The results proved that Ni2+ were less toxic than both Zn2+ and Cu2+,
while Cu2+ is the most toxic one on growth of Dunaliella tertiolecta. Stimulatory effect of the
three heavy metals obtained at low concentrations only but increasing of heavy metal
concentration led to cause inhibitory effect but with different degrees depending on metal type
and concentration used.

2025

This study investigates the kinetics of Cr (VI) biosorption by locally isolated high Cr tolerant fungus Gliocladium sp. ZIC2063. The effect of two most important variables pH and temperature was investigated for enhanced Cr (VI) biosorption. The applicability of the Langmuir and Freundlich models for the different parameters was tested. The result showed that the most suitable sorption temperature was 30ºC with maximum biosorption rate of185.69 mg/l. The data showed that the sorption process is spontaneous and exothermic in nature and that lower solution temperatures favors metal ion removal by the biomass. Similarly Cr (VI) uptake by Gliocladium sp. ZIC 2063 was maximum at optimum pH of 3.5. The findings of this investigation suggest that pH and temperature plays a significant role in enhancing the biosorption rate. The coefficient of determination (R 2 ) of both models were mostly greater than 0.9. This indicates that biosorption data is best fitted in both models.

2024, Laboratory Experiments on Remediation of Landfill Leachate Contamination with Permeable Reactive Barriers (PRBs) of Reactive Media Derived from Waste

Groundwater at landfills is often contaminated with heavy metals. Permeable reactive barrier (PRB), a potential in-situ treatment system, was investigated in this study, using 'composite reactive media' (COM), primarily composed of waste materials, to remediate heavy metals in
groundwater. The COM consisted of 40% Brick and Mortar Waste (BMW), 40% Biochar (BC), 10% Granular Activated Carbon (GAC), and 10% Zeolite, based on volume. In an up-flow column, the
average removal efficiencies of Fe, Pb, Cu, As, Mn, Zn, and Cd were 70.9±2.7, 80.9±3.2, 72.2±1 .6,76.3±2.5, 81.6±6.3, 88.0±2.0, and 67.3±4.6%, respectively. In a bench-scale COM-filled PRB (0.85 x 0.25 x
0.3 m), the average removal efficiencies of the same species were 71.4±1.3, 75.4±4.9, 67.4±4.3, 72.9±1.3,83.6±7.6, 89.8±7.4, and 80.9±7.1%, respectively. Adsorption associated with fixation, and ion exchange
could be the main treatment mechanisms. COM also has potential as a filtration medium in other
treatment unit processes and to treat some other types of wastewater than landfill-leachate. Further,this use of COM could alleviate the burden of disposing of BMW waste, thereby addressing a significant issue in waste management. As the identification of potential failure points in reactive
media is crucial, field-scale experiments are suggested to be conducted for further investigation.

2024, Journal of Wheat Research

Combining ability analysis for high temperature tolerance in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Em. Thell.) involving ten diverse parents and their 45 F1 and F2 progenies indicated significant differences among the parents for gca and crosses that of sca for all the characters studied. The gca and sca components of variance were significant for all the traits. The gca/sca variance ratio below unity in both the generations showed the preponderance of non-additive gene effects for all the characters. Based on general combining ability (gca) effects and per se< performance, parents WH 789 and HD 2881 emerged as good general combiners for grain yield per plant and average to high combiners for most of the yield component characters in case of very late sown condition, it means, these genotypes probably possessed the desirable genes for high temperature tolerance during grain filling period. These genotype possessed desirable GCA effects for biological yield per plant, number of grains...

2024

The objective of the paper is to present information concerning sources if heavy metals to waste, harmful effects of heavy metals, the problems posed by the disposal and recycling of heavy metals and heavy metal containing products, and to assess the options for substituting the heavy metals. In recent years, some heavy metals such as cadmium, lead, zinc, nickel, copper and chromium (III) or their compounds have been used extensively by various industries thus leading to sharp increase in the contamination especially of water. Because of their toxicity, the presence of any of these metals in excessive quantities will interfere with many beneficial uses of the water. As a result, the standard B discharge limit of these metals under Environmental Quality Act 1974 of Malaysia, (Sewage and Industrial Effluents) 1979 are kept below 1.0 mg/l in which the standard for Cd is 0.02 mg/l, 0.50 mg/l for Pb, 1.0 mg/l each for Zn, Ni, Cu and Cr (III). Despite of their potential toxicity, many of these metals are widely used, particularly by industries, which rely on solutions of the metallic ions. This paper reviews heavy metals pollution in Malaysia and potential removal techniques, which may be suitable to overcome the problem.

2024, HEAVY METALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT

Lawrence K. Wang, Jiaping Paul Chen, Yung-Tse Hung, Nazih K. Shammas, (2009). Heavy Metals In The Environment, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 516 pages, ISBN: 9780429137747; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420073195 ..... ABSTRACT: A successful modern heavy metal control program for any industry will include not only traditional water pollution control, but also air pollution control, soil conservation, site remediation, groundwater protection, public health management, solid waste disposal, and combined industrial-municipal heavy metal waste management. In fact, it should be a total environmental control program. Comprehensive in scope, Heavy Metals in the Environment provides technical and economical information on the development of a feasible total heavy metal control program that can benefit industry and local municipalities. The book discusses the importance and contamination of metals such as lead, chromium, cadmium, zinc, copper, nickel, iron, and mercury. It covers important research of metals in the environment, the processes and mechanisms for metals control and removal, the environmental behavior and effects of engineered metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, environmental geochemistry of high arsenic aquifer systems, nano-technology applications in metal ion adsorption, biosorption of metals, and heavy metal removal by expopolysaccharide-producing cyanobacteria. The authors delineate technologies for metals treatment and management, metal bearing effluents, metal-contaminated solid wastes, metal finishing industry wastes and brownfield sites, and arsenic-contaminated groundwater streams. They also discuss control, treatment, and management of metal emissions from motor vehicles. The authors reflect the breadth of the field and draw on personal experiences to provide an in-depth presentation of environmental pollution sources, waste characteristics, control technologies, management strategies, facility innovations, process alternatives, costs, case histories, effluent standards, and future trends for each industrial or commercial operation. The methodologies and technologies discussed are directly applicable to the waste management problems that must be met in all industries.

2024

Soil contamination with heavy metals become severe problems and cause several disorders in humans like anaemia, cancer, kidney failure, and Alzheimer’s. Using microorganisms to eliminate contamination of the environment is an efficient process. The aim of this study was to isolate actinomycetes with abilities to remove the harmful heavy metals. Different samples were collected from Mossy, Hotel and Reda caves which were located approximately 200 km of Riyadh region for actinomycetes isolation on starch nitrate agar medium. All isolates were screened for heavy metal resistance by adding different concentrations of copper (II) sulfate (10-90 mg/l) and nickel (II) chloride (10- 200 mg/l) to the medium separately to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). MICs of a mixture of copper and nickel were determined for each strain. The most resistant actinomycetes were isolates NM5, NM16 and NM20 which were morphologically and physiologically characterized. Phylogenetic analysis...

2024, Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB

Nitric oxide (NO) mediates plant response to a variety of abiotic stresses; however, limited information is available on its effect on boron (B)-stressed watermelon plants. The present study investigates the mechanism through which NO protects watermelon seedlings from B deficiency and toxicity stresses. Five days old watermelon seedlings were exposed to B (0, 0.5 and 10 mg L(-1)) alone or with 75 μmole of NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) for 30 days. Both low and high B concentrations in the media altered nutrient accumulation and impaired various physiological processes of watermelon seedlings, leading to a significant reduction in biomass production. The plants exposed to B deficient or toxic concentrations had 66 and 69% lower shoot dry weight, respectively compared with optimum B levels. B toxicity-induced growth inhibition of watermelon seedlings was associated with high B translocation to shoot tissues, which caused lipid membrane peroxidation (12% increase) and chlorophyl...

2024

River water quality in Malaysia has been deteriorating throughout the years. Population booms and development as a whole are major causes of this problem as pollution inputs increases parallel with the increment of human activities. One of the major pollutants that were identified as the cause of river water pollution in Malaysia is suspended solids (SS) pollution (Malaysia Environmental Quality Report, 2006, 2007).

2024, Comunicata Scientiae

Terminal heat stress is among one of the major constraints in wheat productivity in many countries of the world including Pakistan. To combat this natural calamity,one hundred spring wheat genotypes were assessed for heat stress tolerance under plastic sheet tunnel resulting in seven parents with varied heat stress tolerance. The seven parents including tolerant, moderately tolerant and susceptible but high yielders were later hybridized in a 7×7 diallel fashion. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences for all the studied traits.The heterosis and heterobeltiosis estimates revealed that thereisdesirable hybrid vigor in the current studies for all the traits evaluated.For grain yield maximum heterosis of 28.70% under normal and 27.02% under heat stress conditions were observed. Regarding heterobeltiosis it remained at 15.58% under normal and 13.62% under heat stress conditions. Similarly desirable negative results were obtained for relative cell injury%, days to heading and maturity and positive significant heterosis and heterobeltiosis was obtained for flag leaf area, biomass per plantand harvest index%. The cross combinations like Inqilab-91×Shalimar-88,

2024, Journal of applied science and environmental management

2024

Background: Congo red (CR), a harmful dye present in water, requires effective removal methods. This study investigated the utilization of dry green pea husk (DGPH) and its charcoal (CGPH) as economical and eco-friendly adsorbents. Methods: Various factors, including contact time, pH, adsorbent dosage, initial concentration, and temperature, were investigated to assess their impact on the adsorption process. Also, different models (isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics) were compared to describe the adsorption phenomenon. Results: Equilibrium adsorption was achieved within 30 minutes for both adsorbents. The optimum pH for CR removal was determined to be 2. The adsorption capacity decreased by increasing the adsorbent dosage, whereas it increased by increasing the initial dye concentration. The Langmuir isotherm model demonstrated the best fit for DGPH, while the Freundlich model exhibited the best fit for CGPH. The pseudo-second-order model displayed a superior fit for both adsorbents. To assess the spontaneity and feasibility of the adsorption process, thermodynamic parameters including enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy were computed. The results indicated that the adsorption of CR on DGPH was endothermic and favorable at lower temperatures, whereas the adsorption on CGPH was exothermic and favorable at higher temperatures. The negative values of Gibbs free energy for the CGPH adsorbent confirmed the spontaneous nature of the adsorption process. Conclusion: The study establishes that green pea husk and its charcoal are effective and environmentally friendly alternatives for the removal of CR from water.

2024, Zeitschrift fur Physikalische Chemie (International Journal of Research in Physical Chemistry & Chemical Physics)

Biodegradable (green) materials have been gained momentous attention and extensively used for environmental restoration as a result of recent environmental legislations. The current study involved treating Pithecellobium dulce seed pod (PSD) powder with acetic acid to look examined the possibility of using treated P. dulce (PD) to remove Reactive Red 195-A from its aqueous solution. The treated material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). Different constraining factors, such as dye concentration,

2024, Journal of Chemical Health Risks

Dye pollution is a severe environmental issue for which there are no short-term fixes. Adsorption has become the most popular method for removing dyes because of its remarkable effectiveness, ease of use, affordability, and environmental friendliness. This study intends to assess how well two biosorbents; dried powder (DHM) and charcoal (CHM), made from hibiscus plant debris remove methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions. Adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics were examined in order to better understand the adsorption mechanisms. The adsorption capacity and efficiency of methylene blue on both adsorbent materials were assessed using the batch adsorption experiment. Several parameters, including pH, initial dye concentration, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and temperature, were examined in relation to the biosorption process. For both biosorbents, the biosorption equilibrium was reached in 20 min, and at pH 10.5, the maximum adsorption capacities were 11.60 and 11.80 mg g-1 for DHM and CHM, respectively. Despite not going through the extra activation step, CHM was assessed in its non-activated condition and, surprisingly, showed equal or even slightly superior MB adsorption ability than DHM. The experimental data was well-fitted by the Freundlich and pseudo-second-order models, indicating a physical adsorption mechanism. The thermodynamic study's conclusions demonstrated that MB's adsorption on CHM was non-spontaneous and endothermic, with positive values for ΔH o (15.900 kJ mol-1), ΔG o (0.404 kJ mol-1), and ΔS o (0.052 kJ mol-1 K-1). The MB adsorption on DHM, on the other hand, was exothermic and spontaneous, with negative values for ΔG o (-5.41 kJ mol-1), ΔH o (-42.36 kJ mol-1), and ΔS o (-0.124 kJ mol-1 K-1). The study's findings demonstrate that hibiscus plant waste can be utilised as an inexpensive, environmentally beneficial biosorbent to remove MB from wastewater.

2024, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering

Highlights for "Biphasic apatite-carbon materials derived from pyrolysed fish bones for effective adsorption of persistent pollutants and heavy metals." by C. Piccirillo et al.  Biochar-like materials were prepared through pyrolysis of cod fish bones.  They were tested to adsorb heavy metal and pharmaceutical persistent pollutants.  Results showed different efficiency according to the pyrolysis temperature.  Different kinetic mechanisms were observed for heavy metal (Pb(II)) and organics.  Apatite and graphite were determinant in metal or organics adsorption respectively.

2024, International Journal of Science and Environment

The biosorption of crude-oil spill using acetylated and unacetylated Cissus populnea leave, stem and root biosorbents was investigated in this study. The acetylated and unacetylated biosorbents was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The FTIR spectra confirmed the formation of the acetyl group while SEM morphological analysis of acetylated biosorbent showed rough macrostructure surfaces with large hollows between the strand. The effectiveness of the biosorbents was evaluated based on their ability to remove crude oil from an aqueous solution. The results sho wed that the acetylated biosorbents had higher oil sorption capacities compared to the unacetylated biosorbents. The highest oil sorption capacity was observed for the acetylated stem biosorbent, which had a sorption capacity of 30.09 g/g. The unacetylated leaves biosorbent had the lowest oil sorption capacity, with a sorption capacity of 20.4 g/g. The leaves and roots biosorbents showed intermediate oil sorption capacities. The study also showed that the biosorption capacity of the biosorbents increased with increasing initial oil concentration and contact time, while decreasing with increasing biosorbent particle size. The results suggest that acetylated Cissus populnea biosorbents have potential as an effective and low-cost alternative for the remediation of crude-oil spills.

2024, Journal of applied science and environmental management

2024, Ecology, Environment and Conservation (EM International)

Water is a valuable and indispensable resource for life support. It finds use in many areas like water supply
and sanitation, energy production, habitat for aquatic life, navigation, agriculture, etc. The groundwater of
the Delhi region, India, has significant quality problems due to contamination with harmful elements such
as fluoride, nitrate, heavy metals i.e., chromium, lead and cadmium, etc.Thestudy aimed to evaluate the
removal efficiency of hexavalent chromium from the synthetic solution using pre-treated sawdust as
biosorbent. The individual effect of different operating parameters namely solution pH (2.0 to 12.0),
biosorbent dosage (0.2 to 2.5g) adsorbate dosage (10 to 60 mg/L) on the biosorption process was evaluated.
The biosorption process was found dependent on solution pH, contact time, biosorbent dose, adsorbate
dose and temperature. The optimal conditions for the biosorption of 20 mg/L Chromium (VI) were found
at 210, 2 gm of biomass amount and 30 mins of equilibrium time. More than 99 % Cr (VI) was removed
from all input parameters. The results indicate that sawdust, waste of wood is an attractive biosorbent for
eliminating hexavalent chromium from the groundwater

2024, International Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences

The field experiment was performed during two successive 2021/2022 and 2022/2023 seasons at the experimental farm, faculty of Technology and Development, Zagazig University. Six diversified bread wheat cultivars (Giza-171, Sids-14, Gemmeiza-12, Sakha-96, Misr-1 and Misr-3). All possible parental combinations, excluding reciprocates were made among the six parental cultivars to produce fifteen hybrids. The seed of the fifteen F1 hybrids along with the six parents were grown under N treatments (35 and 70 N Kg/fad). Using split plot design with three replicates. The main plots were devoted for N fertilization, while sub plots were allotted six parents and their F1 crosses. For evaluation effects of nitrogen fertilization on mean performance, heterosis and combining ability for height of plant, tillers and spikes number/plant, area of flag leaf, length of spike, grains number of spike, weight of spike and 1000- grain /g and grain yield/plant. The results showed that difference significant and highly significant among N levels fertilization and genotypes for all characters, but the interaction between them was shown significant and highly significant for all study traits except length of spike and spikes number/plant. The combined revealed that the cultivars Sids-14 and Misr-3, on the other hand the crosses (Giza-171×Misr-1), (Misr-3×Sids-14), (Sids-14×Misr-1) and (Giza-171×Misr-3) gave the highest productivity for grain yield/plant. The heterosis were positive and highly significant relative to better parent for grain yield/plant by the crosses (Giza-171×Sakha-96), (Misr-3×Gemeiza-12), (Misr-3×Sids-14), (Misr-3×Misr1), (Misr-3×Sakha-96), (Gemeiza-12×Sids-14), (Gemeiza-12×Misr-1), (Sids-14×Misr-1) and (Misr-1×Sakha-96). The results of GCA and SCA effects indicating that the cultivar Misr-1 was good general combiner, the cross (Giza-171×Sakha-96) was good specific combiner for grain yield, therefore, these cultivar and hybrid considered to the promising for grain yield improvement under low input of nitrogen.

2024, Journal of applied science and environmental management

2024

Six white promising single crosses and two commercial hybrids were evaluated under five locations for grain yield in 2021 season. The mean squares due to hybrids, locations, hybrids x locations interaction, linear and nonlinear components were highly significant for grain yield. The hybrids SC Sk 153, SC Sk 154 and SC Sd 18 were significant out-yielded two commercial hybrids, thus these hybrids have high adaptability. However the hybrid SC Sk 154 had high adaptability and stability (bi =1 and S 2 di not significant) for grain yield. So the study prefers this hybrid.

2024, Journal of Basic Sciences

The aim of this research was to investigate the adsorption capacity of dry Erucaria (Eruca sativa L.) plant waste for methylene blue dye removal from aqueous solutions. A UV-Vis spectrophotometer was employed to determine the dye concentration in the solution before and after the adsorption process. The influence of various parameters on adsorption efficiency was examined, including contact time between the adsorbent and dye, adsorbent dosage, adsorbent particle size, initial dye concentration, and solution temperature. The results demonstrated that the adsorption process occurs rapidly, reaching equilibrium between dye concentration in the solution and on the adsorbent surface within 15 minutes. Furthermore, the findings revealed that adsorption capacity decreases with increasing adsorbent dosage, while particle size has a negligible impact on adsorption capacity. Additionally, the results indicated that the Freundlich isotherm better describes the equilibrium relationship between dye concentration in the solution and on the adsorbent surface compared to the Langmuir isotherm. Finally, the results suggested that the adsorption process is exothermic, implying that solution temperature negatively affects adsorption capacity, and that the process is thermodynamically spontaneous.

2024, Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment

Heavy metal contamination in drinking water causes serious health issues. The hazards of heavy metals, especially iron contamination affect human health such as skin roughness, the stickiness of hair, weakness of teeth etc. The objective is to study the heavy metals contaminated water remediation process by mushroom cultivated bags. The mushroom cultivation used agro wastes; the cultivated residues were known as spent mushroom substrates. In the present experiment, Calocybe indica spent mushroom substrates to treat heavy metal contamination from drinking water. The iron-contaminated water concentration rapidly decreased from 0.231±0.01 to 0.134±0.00 with maximum exposure periods. The time exposures, or contact time, have increased and removal efficiency has improved along with the incubation time. The study data inferred more heavy metal adsorption than untreated water samples. An initial pH range of 4.0 to 5.0, a contact duration of 10 minutes, an initial iron (III) concentration of 50 mg/L and an absorbed dose half-saturation constant of 0.4 g were used. The current study showed that the increasing pH of the medium enhanced the adsorption capacity of the spent mushroom substrate. Similarly, the time exposures, or contact time, have increased and removal efficiency has grown along with the incubation time. These findings underscore the potential of utilizing spent mushroom substrates as an economical and portable biosorbent for rural water treatment applications.

2024

Five two-rowed barely varieties were sown in full Diallel cross including reciprocals at Sulaimani-Qlyasan research station to produce 20 crosses. During the winter season of (2013-2014), 25 genotypes (20 F 2 crosses + 5 parents) were sown in a completely randomize block design CRBD with 3 replications. The most important results can be summarized as follow:-The mean squares due to genotypes, gca , sca and rca , were highly significant for most characters.-Parent 3 possess the highest value for most studied characters, while parent 1 recorded minimum values. The reciprocal cross 4x1 recorded the highest value for (grain weight / plant, biological weight / plant and weight of spikes / plant).-The reciprocal cross 5x1 gave maximum positive Heterosis for (grain weight / plant) and most of its components.-The average degree of dominance value was more than one for all characters due to Diallel crosses and for most characters due to reciprocal crosses, confirming the importance of non-additive gene effect in controlling the inheritance of these characters.

2024, Environmental Health Engineering and Management

2024, DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT

In this study, the green mediated biosorption of Pb(II) onto chemically modified Grewia optiva leaves (CMGOL) has been investigated. To improve the biosorption capacity, Grewia optiva leaves powder were treated with HNO 3 , then neutralized and finally activated with CaCl 2. The prepared adsorbent was characterized by analytical tools such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analyzer. To determine the optimum parameters of the biosorption process, batch experiments were performed under different conditions of pH (2-7), contact time (5-180 min), biosorbent dosage (0.1-30 g/L), initial metal concentration (10-800 mg/L), and temperature (25°C-50°C). Optimal biosorption of Pb was achieved at pH 6, biosorbent dosage 5 g/L, contact time 120 min, initial Pb concentration 100 mg/L, and temperature of 50°C. Correlation coefficient R 2 value (0.967) of Langmuir adsorption model (monolayer adsorption capacity = 135.136 mg/g) was high as compared to the Freundlich adsorption model and thus fitted well the equilibrium adsorption data. Kinetic studies revealed that Pb biosorption data fitted well to the pseudo-second-order equation rather than the pseudo-firstorder equation. The values of thermodynamic parameters ∆H° and ∆G° were negative while that of ∆S° was positive indicating favorable and spontaneous nature of the biosorption process. Due to high biosorption capacity (135.136 mg/g) the prepared CMGOL could be used effectively for the removal of Pb from wastewaters.