Bright Light Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2024, Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry

2024, Psychology Research and Behavior Management

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD), winter type, is a seasonal pattern of recurrent major depressive episodes most commonly occurring in autumn or winter and remitting in spring/summer. The syndrome has been well-known for more than three decades, with light treatment being the treatment of first choice. In this paper, an overview is presented of the present insights in SAD. Description of the syndrome, etiology, and treatment options are mentioned. Apart from light treatment, medication and psychotherapy are other treatment options. The predictable, repetitive nature of the syndrome makes it possible to discuss preventive treatment options. Furthermore, critical views on the concept of SAD as a distinct diagnosis are discussed.

2024, Depression and Anxiety

Background: Evidence-based treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have poor uptake and remission rates, suggesting that alternative treatments are needed. Morning bright light may be an effective treatment for PTSD given its established effects on mood and sleep, however, there are no published trials. Methods: We conducted a placebo-controlled pilot trial of a wearable light device, the Re-timer ® , for individuals with probable PTSD. Individuals were randomly assigned to the active Re-timer ® (n = 9) or a placebo Re-timer ® dimmed with neutral density filters (n = 6). Participants self-administered the treatment at home 1 hr each morning over 4 weeks. PTSD and depression symptoms were assessed at pre-and post-treatment. Results: The Re-timer ® was well tolerated and the perceived benefit was high, though treatment adherence was only moderate. Those in the active group were more likely to achieve a minimal clinically important change in PTSD and depression symptoms and had larger symptom reductions than those in the placebo group Conclusions: A wearable morning light treatment was acceptable and feasible for patients with probable PTSD. This study provides initial proof-of-concept that light treatment can improve PTSD.

2024, Sleep and Biological Rhythms

The antidepressant and sleep-promoting effects of light exposure might be useful for treating agerelated mood and sleep disorders. In view of recent evidence suggesting beneficial effects of morning light, this study examined the associations of mood and sleep with morning light exposure, 24 h environmental illumination, and the degree to which the volunteers' bedroom windows were covered in the morning. We examined 459 postmenopausal women participating an ancillary study of the Women's Health Initiative conducted at the

2024, Physiological Measurement

Exposure to light and darkness and its influence on physiological measures of intensive care unit patients-a systematic literature review To cite this article: B Weiss et al 2016 Physiol. Meas. 37 R73 View the article online for updates... more

2024, Journal of Affective Disorders

We investigated whether personality and nonverbal interpersonal processes can predict the subsequent response to light treatment in seasonal affective disorder (SAD) patients. In 60 SAD patients, Neuroticism and Extraversion were assessed prior to light treatment (4 days with 30 min of 10.000 lux). From videotaped clinical interviews, the nonverbal interpersonal attunement (i.e. equalizing durations and frequencies of elements of behaviour between conversation partners) was registered for the patients' support seeking and the interviewers' support giving behaviour. The higher Extraversion and the more the patients and the interviewers got attuned over the interview, the more favourable the outcome of light treatment was. Hence, personality and nonverbal interpersonal processes may be involved in the response to light treatment in SAD.

2024, Behavioural Brain Research

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2024, Traditional medicine and pharmacology. Achievements, innovations, and alternatives

SECTION 4. OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY THE ROLE OF FOOD BEHAVIOUR AND MENTAL FEATURES OF PERSONALITY 4.1 Overweight and obesity: the role of food behaviour and mental features of personality 4.1.1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 4.1.1.1 Overweight and obesity are a non-infectious modern pandemic Obesity is a chronic recurrent disease characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue in the body. WHO considers obesity to be an epidemic affecting millions of people: according to the 10th International Congress on Obesity (Sydney, September 2019), more than 250 million obese people are registered worldwide. Today, in most Western European countries, obesity (BMI> 30 kg/m 2) affects 10 to 25% of the population, in the United States-20 to 25%. Overweight (BMI>25 kg/m 2) in industrialized countries, except Japan and China, is about half the population In many countries around the world over the past 10 years, the incidence of obesity has doubled on average. WHO experts estimate that by 2025 the number of obese people in the world will be 300 million. There is an increase in the number of obese children. According to researchers, if obesity grows at the same rate, then by 2230 the entire US population will be overweight. Among the working population of Ukraine, obesity is found in almost 30% of cases, and every fourth inhabitant is overweight [242]. The importance of obesity is determined by the risk of disability in young patients and the reduction in overall life expectancy due to the development of severe comorbidities. Diseases that accompany obesity include type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis and related diseases, sleep apnea, hyperuricemia, gout, reproductive dysfunction, gallstones, osteoarthritis, cancer (in women-cancer of the endometrium, cervix, ovaries, mammary glands, in men-prostate cancer, rectal cancer in both sexes), varicose veins of the lower extremities, hemorrhoids. Concomitant diseases, especially cardiovascular, usually develop in obese patients at a young age. The probability of their development increases with weight gain.

2024, Physiological Measurement

2023, Psychology Research and Behavior Management

2023, The American Journal of Medicine

BACKGROUND: Patients are commonly provided tools in the hospital to overcome poor sleep. Whether education on use of sleep tools can impact health outcomes from a patient perspective is not known. METHODS: We recruited 120 adults admitted to a nonintensive care unit cardiac-monitored floor. All patients received a set of sleep-enhancing tools (eye mask, ear plugs, and a white noise machine) and were randomized to receive direct education on use of and benefit of these sleep-enhancing tools (intervention), or an equal amount of time was spent discussing general benefits of sleep (control). Measurement of several symptom domains was assessed daily by health outcome survey responses, and change from baseline was assessed for differences between groups. Inpatient opioid use and length of stay were also measured. RESULTS: Participants randomized to receive the education intervention had a significantly greater decrease in fatigue scores over the 3 days, compared with controls (5.30 AE 6.93 vs 1.81 AE 6.96, t ¼ 2.32, P ¼ .028). There was a trend toward improvements in multiple other sleep-related domains, including sleep disturbance, sleep-related impairment, physical functioning, pain severity, or pain interference (all P >.140). There was no difference in length of stay between intervention and control groups (7.40 AE 7.29 vs 7.71 AE 6.06 days, P ¼ .996). The change in number of opioid equivalents taken did not differ use between the groups (P ¼ .688). CONCLUSION: In a randomized trial of education in the use of sleep-enhancing tools while hospitalized, patient fatigue was significantly improved, whereas several other patient-reported outcomes showed a trend toward improvements. Implementation of this very low-cost approach to improving sleep and well-being could substantially improve the patient care experience.

2023, Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry

In the present study we evaluate the feasibility of gene expression in white blood cells as a peripheral marker for winter depression. Sixteen patients with winter type seasonal affective disorder were included in the study. Blood was taken by venous puncture at three time points; in winter prior and following bright light therapy and in summer. RNA was isolated, converted into cRNA, amplified and hybridized on Illumina® gene expression arrays. The raw optical array data were quantile normalized and thereafter analyzed using a metagene approach, based on previously published Affymetrix gene array data. The raw data were also subjected to a secondary analysis focusing on circadian genes and genes involved in serotonergic neurotransmission. Differences between the conditions were analyzed, using analysis of variance on the principal components of the metagene score matrix. After correction for multiple testing no statistically significant differences were found. Another approach uses the correlation between metagene factor weights and the actual expression values, averaged over conditions. When comparing the correlations of winter vs. summer and bright light therapy vs. summer significant changes for several metagenes were found. Subsequent gene ontology analyses (DAVID and GeneTrail) of 5 major metagenes suggest an interaction between brain and white blood cells. The hypothesis driven analysis with a smaller group of genes failed to demonstrate any significant effects. The results from the combined metagene and gene ontology analyses support the idea of communication between brain and white blood cells. Future studies will need a much larger sample size to obtain information at the level of single genes.

2023, Journal of Sleep Research

Irregular 24 h light/dark cycles with night-time light exposure and a low amplitude are disruptive for sleep, mood and circadian rhythms. Nevertheless such lighting conditions are quite common in medical care facilities. A controlled clinical trial among 196 cardiology ward patients (mean age 66.5 AE 13.1 years SD) investigated how a patient room lighting intervention affects sleep, appraisal and mood across hospitalization. Patients were either assigned to a standardly-lit room or to a room with an interventional lighting system offering a dynamic 24 h light/ dark cycle with low nocturnal light exposure and 2 h of bright light (1750 lux) during daytime. Measures included wrist actigraphy and questionnaires assessing alertness, sleep quality, anxiety, depression and lighting appraisal. The median length of hospitalization was 5 days in both study arms. Subjective scores on sleep, alertness, anxiety and depression did not differ between arms. Lighting appraisal in intervention rooms was better as compared to standardly-lit rooms, both in patients (P < 0.001) and staff (P < 0.005). Actigraphic sleep duration of patients improved by 5.9 min (95% CI: 0.6-11.2; P = 0.03 intervention 9 time effect) per hospitalization day with interventional lighting instead of standard lighting. After 5 days of hospitalization, sleep duration in the lighting intervention rooms increased by 29 min, or a relative 7.3%, as compared to standardly-lit rooms. A 24 h lighting system with enhanced daytime brightness and restricted nocturnal light exposure can improve some aspects of appraisal and objective sleep in hospital patients. More clinical research is needed to establish the best lighting strategy to promote healing and wellbeing within healthcare settings. IN TROD UCTI ON Impaired sleep is a known hospital stressor, and hospitalized patients struggle to get sufficient sleep at night due to factors like discomfort, worries, noise, inappropriate light exposure and pain (

2023, Chronobiology International

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2023

The Effect of Time of Day of Chronic Exercise on Neural Response to Visual Food Cues Jessica Taylor Davies Department of Exercise Sciences, BYU Master of Science This study examined the effect of an 8-week, progressive exercise intervention on neural responses, specifically N2 amplitude as a measure of inhibitory control, to pictures of food. Healthy women ages 18-44 years were randomized to a morning (AM) exercise group or evening (PM) exercise group. The AM group did moderate-to-vigorous intensity exercise on 4 days per week between 6:30 and 9:30 a.m. while the PM group had the identical volume of exercise between 6:30 and 9:30 p.m. Neural responses, eating behaviors, cardiovascular fitness outcomes, and body weight/composition were measured at baseline and after the 8-week intervention. The N2 amplitude in response to pictures of highand low-calorie foods was assessed using electroencephalography during a go/no-go task. Dietary restraint, emotional eating, and external eating wer...

2023, Světlo

Non-image forming (NIF) effect of light for lighting engineers

2023, Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry

2023, Acta Physiologica

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2023, International Journal of Endocrinology

Levels of cortisol, a hormone produced by the adrenal gland, follow a daily, 24-hour rhythm with concentrations reaching a minimum in the evening and a peak near rising time. In addition, cortisol levels exhibit a sharp peak in concentration within the first hour after waking; this is known as the cortisol awakening response (CAR). The present study is a secondary analysis of a larger study investigating the impact of short-wavelength(λmax≈470 nm)light on CAR in adolescents who were sleep restricted. The study ran over the course of three overnight sessions, at least one week apart. The experimental sessions differed in terms of the light exposure scenarios experienced during the evening prior to sleeping in the laboratory and during the morning after waking from a 4.5-hour sleep opportunity. Eighteen adolescents aged 12–17 years were exposed to dim light or to 40 lux (0.401 W/m2) of 470-nm peaking light for 80 minutes after awakening. Saliva samples were collected every 20 minutes ...

2023, International Journal of Endocrinology

Acute and chronic sleep restrictions cause a reduction in leptin and an increase in ghrelin, both of which are associated with hunger. Given that light/dark patterns are closely tied to sleep/wake patterns, we compared, in a within-subjects study, the impact of morning light exposures (60 lux of 633-nm [red], 532-nm [green], or 475-nm [blue] lights) to dim light exposures on leptin and ghrelin concentrations after subjects experienced 5 consecutive days of both an 8-hour (baseline) and a 5-hour sleep-restricted schedule. In morning dim light, 5-hour sleep restriction significantly reduced leptin concentrations compared to the baseline, 8hour sleep/dim-light condition (t 1,32 = 2.9; P = 0.007). Compared to the 5-hour sleep/dim-light condition, the red, green, and blue morning light exposures significantly increased leptin concentrations (t 1,32 = 5.7; P < 0.0001, t 1,32 = 3.6; P = 0.001, and t 1,32 = 3.0; P = 0.005, resp.). Morning red light and green light exposures significantly decreased ghrelin concentrations (t 1,32 = 3.3; P < 0.003 and t 1,32 = 2.2; P = 0.04, resp.), but morning blue light exposures did not. This study is the first to demonstrate that morning light can modulate leptin and ghrelin concentrations, which could have an impact on reducing hunger that accompanies sleep deprivation.

2023, Archives of Hygiene Sciences

Background & Aims of the Study: Nursing is one of the highly stressful jobs. Nurses have to provide health service, in many cases, to the patients with incurable disease. Working in such environment induces severe and permanent mental pressures, which in long-run can create fatigue and negative effects on performance of the nurses. The main objective of the present study is to survey effects of occupational fatigue and the pertinent factors on the nurses working in Kermanshah hospitals. Materials & Methods: The study is a cross-sectional study conducted on 112 nurses in Kermanshah-based hospitals in 2015. Data gathering was performed using job information and demographics questionnaire and Sweden occupational fatigue inventory (SOFI). The collected data was analyzed in SPSS-16. Results: The results showed that 67.9% of the nurses suffered from low and moderate fatigue, 23.2% suffered from high fatigue, and 8.9% suffered from very high fatigue. The highest mean scores of fatigue symptoms in the nurses were obtained by burnout, inability, drowsiness, yawning, and disinterest. The results showed significant relationship between occupational fatigue and its aspects. Fatigue in men was higher than that of women and it was more evident in married participants comparing with unmarried participants. In addition, nurses with masters' degree, those in evening and overnight shifts, nurses with a second job, and the participants who expressed dissatisfaction with their job and their colleagues showed more occupational fatigue. Conclusions: The results showed that work-related fatigue was moderate to high in the participants. Therefore, it is recommended that nurses can consider some items to manage fatigue like reducing overworking, sleeping enough, using good nutrition and enough rest to improve the work system.

2023, International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering

As individuals develop more established, they depend more vigorously upon outside help for wellbeing evaluation and medicinal consideration. The present medicinal services foundation in later society is broadly viewed as lacking to address the issues of an undeniably more established populace. One arrangement, called maturing set up, is to guarantee that the older can live securely and autonomously in their own homes for whatever length of time that conceivable. For accomplishing this reason the Automatic medicine reminders were included. Programmed automatic medicine reminder is a mechanical methodology which makes a difference individuals age set up by ceaselessly giving medicinal information. The usage of Information and Communication Technologies in the drug stores in the course of the most recent decades has involved the likelihood of utilizing robotized choice emotionally supportive networks creating cautions to push drug specialists to distinguish drug related issues while ap...

2022, Journal of Sleep Research

2022, Chronobiology International

Light is an important environmental stimulus for the entrainment of the circadian clock and for increasing alertness. The intrinsically photosensitive ganglion cells in the retina play an important role in transferring this light information to the circadian system and they are elicited in particular by short-wavelength light. Exposure to short wavelengths is reduced, for instance, in elderly people due to yellowing of the ocular lenses. This reduction may be involved in the disrupted circadian rhythms observed in aged subjects. Here, we tested the effects of reduced blue light exposure in young healthy subjects (n ¼ 15) by using soft orange contact lenses (SOCL). We showed (as expected) that a reduction in the melatonin suppressing effect of light is observed when subjects wear the SOCL. However, after chronic exposure to reduced (short wavelength) light for two consecutive weeks we observed an increase in sensitivity of the melatonin suppression response. The response normalized as if it took place under a polychromatic light pulse. No differences were found in the dim light melatonin onset or in the amplitude of the melatonin rhythms after chronic reduced blue light exposure. The effects on sleep parameters were limited. Our results demonstrate that the non-visual light system of healthy young subjects is capable of adapting to changes in the spectral composition of environmental light exposure. The present results emphasize the importance of considering not only the short-term effects of changes in environmental light characteristics.

2022, Chronobiology International

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2022, International journal of scientific research in science, engineering and technology

Most of the people, from young age to the old age forget to take medicines on time. The elder people also forget which medicine to take at particular time. There should be a means to always remind such people to take medicines on time. This paper presents a Smart Medicine box to users who regularly take drugs or vitamin supplements, or nurses who take care of the older or patients. Our medicine box is programmable that reminds the nurses and users which specific pill to take at particular times of day and serves at those times each day. It contains three separate boxes. Therefore, nurses or users can set information for three different pills. When the pill quantity and time have been set by making use of the keys provided, the medicine box will remind users or patients to take pills using sound and light. The specific box from which the pill needs to be taken will be displayed by an led placed on the corresponding box.

2022, Nutrition Reviews

Most physiological functions and behaviors exhibit a robust approximately 24-hour rhythmicity (circadian rhythm) in the real world. These rhythms persist under constant conditions, but the period is slightly longer than 24 hours, suggesting that circadian rhythms are endogenously driven by an internal, self-sustained oscillator. In mammals, including humans, the central circadian pacemaker is located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus. The primary zeitgeber for this pacemaker is bright sunlight, but nonphotic time cues also affect circadian rhythms. The human circadian system uniquely exhibits spontaneous internal desynchronization between the sleep-wake cycle and core body temperature rhythm under constant conditions and partial entrainment of the sleep-wake cycle in response to nonphotic time cues. Experimental and clinical studies of human circadian rhythms must take into account these unique features. This review covers the basic concepts and unique features of the huma...

2022, Sleep and Biological Rhythms

Night work has many harmful effects on the health, efficiency and safety of workers. This study evaluates the effects of bright-light exposure (BL) on subjective sleepiness during night work. Ninety night workers who have more than a year's experience at a metallurgy production plant volunteered to participate in this clinical pilot study. Workers were divided into two groups and every group was exposed to either bright light (2500-3000 lux) or normal light (300 lux) during break times at night for two consecutive nights. Fifteen-minute breaks were initiated at 22.00 h (before starting work) 24.00 h, 02.00 h and 04.00 h. The range of subjective sleepiness was assessed by the Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) at 23.00 h, 01.00 h, 03.00 h and 05.00 h. We used SPSS 11.5 for data analysis. The result demonstrated that there were significant differences in the rate of sleepiness between the two groups by paired t-test analysis (P < 0.001). These findings suggest that photic stimulation in industrial settings could increase adaptation to night work.

2022, The American Journal of Medicine

2022, Health in Emergencies and Disasters Quarterly (HDQ)

Background: Sleepiness and the changes in vital signs affect the quality of work of hospital staff. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between sleepiness and physiological changes and vital signs in night shift workers in rehabilitation staff. Materials and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study performed on night shift personnel of Rafideh Hospital in Tehran City, Iran, in 2018. A questionnaire, including demographic information and the Stanford sleepiness scale, was used for data collection. The results were analyzed using repeated measures analysis in SPSS software v. 21. Results: The Mean±SD age of the participants was 38.23±5.96 years, comprising 33 men (64.7%) and 18 women (35.3%). Most personnel were married (72.5%) and non-smoker (82.4%). The amount of sleepiness increased significantly with increasing working time. Demographic characteristics had no significant association with sleepiness. However, there was a significant negative association between sleepiness and heart rate, and oral temperature. Blood pressure showed a decreasing trend with increasing working time until midnight. Also, an increase in blood pressure was recorded at 2 AM. Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that sleepiness might have a significant association with vital signs in night work personnel. Hence, proper planning of shift work schedules and compatibility with physiological conditions might result in better working conditions for medical staff.

2022

Our project’s main aim is to make a Smart medicine box for those users who regularly take medicines and the prescription of their medicine is very long as it is hard to remember to patients and also for their care giver. Also Old age patients suffer from problems of forget to take pills on proper time which causes certain health issues for patients having Permanent diseases like diabetes, blood pressure, breathing problem, heart problems, cancer diseases etc. We saw these problems in hospitals & people around us who have such kind of diseases and thus based on these two problems we made smart medicine box which solve these problems by Setting up time table of prescribed medicines through push buttons as given in prescription. Present time will be saved in RTC module and notification time will be saved in EEPROM. Therefore at the time of taking medicine system generate Notification sound and display the Bright light in certain pill boxes. So, patient can know the specific number of b...

2022, Iranian Journal of Public Health

The article's abstract is not available.

2022, Journal of Intensive Care

Background: Delirium in intensive care units increases morbidity and mortality risk. The incidence and risk factors of delirium vary among studies. This study therefore aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors of delirium in Thai university-based surgical intensive care units. Methods: A multi-center, prospective cohort study was conducted. All patients who had been admitted to surgical intensive care units (SICU) between April 2011 and January 2012 were enrolled. Delirium was diagnosed using the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklists (ICDSC). The univariable and multivariable risk regression analyses were analyzed and presented as risk ratio (RR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI). Results: The overall incidence of delirium was 3.6 % (162 of 4450, 95 % CI 3.09-4.19 %) whilst the incidences of delirium for patients being admitted ≤48 and >48 h were 0.7 % (21 of 2967, 95 % CI 0.41-1.01 %) and 8.3 % (141 of 1685, 95 % CI 7.04-9.68 %), respectively. The incidence of delirium on each study site was significantly different (range between 0 and 13.9 %, P < 0.001). Delirious patients had a significantly higher age (65.3 ± 15.6 versus 61.8 ± 17.3 years, P = 0.013), higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (APACHE II score) (16 (12-23) versus 10 (7-15), P < 0.001), and higher sequential organ failure assessment score (5 (2-8) versus 2 (1-5), P < 0.001). The median duration of delirium was 3 (1-5) days. Delirious patients had significantly longer duration of ICU stay (8 (5-19) versus 2 (1-4), P < 0.001) and higher ICU mortality rate (23.5 versus 8.1 %, P < 0.001). Sepsis (RR = 3.70, 95 % CI 2.33-5.90, P < 0.001), exposure to sedative medications (RR = 3.54, 95 % CI 2.13-5.87, P < 0.001), higher APACHE II score (RR = 2.79, 95 % CI 1.98-3.95, P < 0.001), thoracic surgery (RR = 1.74, 95 % CI 1.09-2.78, P = 0.021), and emergency surgery (RR = 1.70, 95 % CI 1.09-2.65, P = 0.019) were independent risk factors of delirium in SICU. Conclusions: Sepsis, exposure to sedative medications, higher APACHE II score, thoracic surgery, and emergency surgery were independent risk factors of delirium in Thai university-based surgical intensive care units.

2022, Iran J Public Health

Accidents are main problem of industries such as construction, electrical and other industries, which are led to fatal on non-fatal injuries is cause of accident in (1). However, many workers are exposed to electrical energy during their... more

2022, Iranian journal of public health

Association between Blood Pressure and Oral Temperature Rate
with Sleepiness Changes among Clinical Night Workers

2022, Iranian journal of public health

Waking up and sleep quality is a critical aspect of safety in night workers (1-3). Shift work usually leads to many problems such as fatigue, high blood pressure, and heart rate and respiratory problems (4). In spite of this, few studies have investigated the Association of subjective sleepiness with changes in breath and beat rates among the night shift workers. This paper is extracted from analyzing the second night data of our previous study based last ethical consideration (5); differences between gathering in the first and second nights is as follows: 1. in second night, shift workers were only in one group, while the in first night, it was conducted in two groups (5); 2. Data gathering in second night was carried out using Karoniska sleepiness scale (KSS) while, in first night, it was done by SSS scale. Its validity and reliability have been proven previously(6,7). Participants had an experience of shift working at least one year. Also, they had no history of long-term medicine consumption or working at night and work shift for two consecutive nights. The questionnaires were completed by the participants at 9:00 pm, 10:30 pm, 12:00 pm, 1:30 am, and 3:00 am. Breathing and beat rates were simultaneously monitored directly at the mentioned times. Figure 1 shows the trend of sleepiness and scaling of changes in the beat rate and breathing rate during the night time. Based on Pearson`s correlation, beat rate had a negative relationship with sleepiness at the beginning of the shift (r=¬-0.24, P=0.033), 1:30 A.M. (r=¬-0.23, P=0.041) and 3:00 A.M. (r=¬-0.33, P=0.003). Also, Spearman`s correlation of breathing rate and sleepiness was negative and significant at the end of the shift (r=0.28, P= 0.012). Findings represented that highest levels of sleepiness is observed at 3:00 am and then at 1:30 am. This result is similar to outcomes of a study which reports that the maximum drowsiness occurs at 2:00, 4:00, and 6:00 am in night shift (1,6,8(; hence, it could be concluded that work shift influences sleeping quality. As mentioned above, table 1and fig.1 illustrate that increasing the sleepiness leads to a reduction in breath and beat rates as first night (5), This fact about the oral temperature in the first night was not approved by another article (9). Some documents concluded that changes in heart rate could be used as an alarm to sleepiness (10) According to the findings, sleepiness can decrease beat and breathe rates, and shift workers especially nurses who are care the patients would be at risk. It seems that shift working needs the special physical and emotional system; thus, the policymakers should pay attention to this and select better staffs for shift working

2022

Night work can have a significant impact on health, well-being, performance and occupational safety of workers. Night workers often complain about the sleep disorder characterized by excessive sleepiness. The aim of the study was to determine the level of sleepiness among night workers and investigate its relationship with oral temperature in a hot industry. This cross-sectional study involved 80 night workers. Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) has been used to measure the level of sleepiness. Oral temperature and SSS were recorded at different hours of night shift (23 pm to 4 am) for two consecutive nights. The analysis of results showed that there was a positive linear trend in the sleepiness scale (Pvalue<0.001) and an increasing trend in the oral temperature between 23pm and 1am. Then a decreasing trend has been observed after 1am for both of them (Pvalue <0.001). Comparison of the results for two nights indicated that the mean sleepiness index in the second night is higher ...

2022

Background and Objectives: Today, 24-hours work is an unavoidable component in several industries. Night-work is an imperative situation for an important part of the work forces. Shift-working is called to work at hours out of the usual day-work time (7:00 am to 6:00 pm). This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic research was carried out in order to investigate sleepiness and changes in vital signs among the clinical shift workers at Imam Khomeini hospital in Ilam, Iran. Methods: Statistical population of the research was determined to be 79 persons, and data collection process was carried out in a simple random manner. Two questionnaires were employed to collect the required data; a demographic questionnaire, and the Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) questionnaire. A medical thermometer and a manometer were also used to gather the data related to oral temperature and blood pressure, respectively. The difference in the mean intensity of sleepiness between the different demographic gro...

2022, Sleep and Biological Rhythms

2022

2022, Disease Models & Mechanisms

The development of animal models is a critical step for exploring the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of major affective disorders and for evaluating potential therapeutic approaches. Although most neuropsychiatric research is performed on nocturnal rodents, differences in how diurnal and nocturnal animals respond to changing photoperiods, combined with a possible link between circadian rhythm disruption and affective disorders, has led to a call for the development of diurnal animal models. The need for diurnal models is most clear for seasonal affective disorder (SAD), a widespread recurrent depressive disorder that is linked to exposure to short photoperiods. Here, we briefly review what is known regarding the etiology of SAD and then examine progress in developing appropriate diurnal rodent models. Although circadian disruption is often invoked as a key contributor to SAD, a mechanistic understanding of how misalignment between endogenous circadian physiology and daily ...

2021, Qom University of Medical Sciences Journal

Nowadays, night work is a necessity for employees. So the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between sleepiness and demographic characteristics among driver night workers.This study carried out in a simulated bus driver. 90 drivers were chosen as the study population. A two part questionnaire was used for data collection which included demographic information and Stanford sleepiness scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22.There was a significant correlation between sleepiness and BMI (p <0.05, r=0.24). Also, there was a significant difference in sleepiness by education level and job. Demographic variables should be considered in any attempt to management of sleepiness among night workers

2021

Purpose: To explore existing literature on the association between environmental risk factors with delirium and to investigate the effectiveness of environmental modifications on prevention or management of delirium. Materials and Methods: This is a scoping review of peer-reviewed studies in Pubmed and the reference lists of reviewed articles. Observational studies reporting the effect of noise, light, and circadian rhythm on delirium and interventional studies assessing delirium in modified environments were reviewed. Results: Thirty eight studies were included, of which, 21 evaluated impact of environment on delirium, and 16 studied the interventions. Interventions targeted reducing noise exposure, improving light exposure to follow circadian rhythm, and promoting sleep. Mixed findings of the reviewed studies yielded to inconclusive results; however quiet-time protocols, earplugs, and bright light therapy might benefit prevention, or management of delirium. Results: Thirty seven s...

2021

2021, International Journal of Medical Research and Review

Introduction: obesity is associated with a variety of chronic diseases, including but not limited to coronary artery disease, hypertension, diabetes, and certain forms of cancer. The present study was designed to examine the effects of short-term exercise on markers of obesity. Material and methods: This was a randomized trial in 52 overweight and obese [body mass index (in kg/m2): 25-40; waist circumference >88 cm], women assigned to 16 week interventions of short term Exercise (3 d/wk) involved treadmill walking at an intensity of 45-50% (moderate-intensity) or 70-75% (vigorous-intensity) of heart rate reserve. The primary outcome was abdominal visceral fat volume determined by the measurement of waist and hip circumferences ratio. Results: Average height of the females under study is 159.96 cm and average weight of females before exercise is 68.92 kg, it shows that the females in our study are overweight. After exercise training program, weight, arm circumference, chest circumference, WHR and BMI decreased significantly (Z= 4.27,7.30 , 4.99, 8.51 and 3.27 respectively). Similarly systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (Z=5.74 and 1.75 respectively) was decreased significantly after exercise training. Conclusion: Short term exercise intervention can induce favourable changes in the body composition, but the magnitude of these changes is of limited biological significance.

2021, Archives of Hygiene Sciences