Bruce Lee Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025

Corto pero curioso libro del arte Xingyiquan, también escrito Hsing-i, muestra directamente la esencia práctica y combativa del arte, sin indagar mucho, aún pareciendo una introducción, tiene lo suficiente para comprender, practicar y... more

2025, The Cinema of Stephen Chow

This is the postprint version of a chapter in Gary Bettinson and Vivian P.Y. Lee's collection The Cinema of Stephen Chow. The official published version is available from Bloomsbury,... more

2024

Attention given to the subject of quality has increased noticeably since the 1980s (Dahlberg et al., 1999). Williams (1994) suggests that almost every publication on early childhood institutions contains the 1 Chapter 1 1.3.1.4 Regulations While the Child Care (Pre-School Services) Regulations (Department of Health, 1996) 1.3.1.7 The Centre for Early Childhood Development and Education (CECDE) The CECDE is charged with the development of a National Framework for Quality (NFQ) for the ECCE sector, and with "…support(ing) providers in relation to compliance with quality standards…" (CECDE, 2001:11). The CECDE Programme of Work therefore includes: …developing guidelines and standards in the areas identified in the White Paper (curriculum and 1.7 Rationale for Choice of Country Using Esping-Andersen's (Esping-Andersen, 1990) Typology of Welfare States as a framework for selection, six countries were chosen for this review in consultation 3 Esping-Andersen explains de-commodification as follows "In pre-capitalist societies, few workers were properly commodities in the sense that their survival was contingent upon the sale of their labor power. It is as markets become universal and hegemonic that the welfare of individuals comes to depend entirely on the cash nexus. Stripping society of the institutional layers that guaranteed social reproduction outside the labor contract meant that people were commodified. In turn, the introduction of modern social rights implies a loosening of the pure commodity status. Decommodification occurs when a service is rendered as a matter of right, and when a person can maintain a livelihood without reliance on the market." (Esping-Andersen 1990:21-22) 1.8.5 Staff Qualifications Research has highlighted the link between professional education and the provision of a high quality ECCE service (

2024

Autorização concedida ao Repositório Institucional da Universidade de Brasília (RIUnB) pelo editor, em 22 de dezembro de 2014, com as seguintes condições: disponível sob Licença Creative Commons 3.0, que permite copiar, distribuir e transmitir o trabalho, desde que seja citado o autor e licenciante. Não permite o uso para fins comerciais nem a adaptação desta. Authorization granted to the Institucional Repository of the University of Brasília (RIUnB) by editor, at December, 22, 2014, with the following conditions: available under Creative Commons License 3.0, that allows you to copy, distribute and transmit the work, provided the author and the licensor is cited. Does not allow the use for commercial purposes nor adaptation.

2024, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HERITAGE STUDIES

Scholars have recognised the significance of museums for establishing and maintaining national legitimacy and shaping identity. Following the transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to the People’s Republic of China in 1997, tensions emerged between Chinese national identity and local Hong Kong identity. Drawing inspiration from studies of the role of museums in nation-building, research on Hong Kong museums, and Ackbar Abbas’ notion of cultures of disappearance, we conducted a comparative analysis of two Bruce Lee exhibitions at the Hong Kong Heritage Museum, the first of which was held between 2013 and 2020 and the second of which opened in November 2021. A comparison of these exhibitions demonstrates their distinct approaches to appropriating Lee’s legacy by drawing attention to changes in the associated narratives that reflect changes in the cultural and political climate. While both exhibitions engaged with the concept of disappear- ance, the earlier one did so by adhering to the conventional ‘East-meets- West’ framework, resulting in the effacement of Hong Kong culture. In contrast, the deployment of techniques of disappearance in the later exhibition challenged viewers’ perception of reality, prompting contem- plation of the self and identity by embracing strategies of disappearance while resisting a culture of disappearance. However, this came at the cost of downplaying Lee’s significance as a symbol of resistance.

2024

este artigo tratou de uma iconoclastia, por meio de uma cena do filme "Era uma vez em Hollywood" (2019), na qual aparece um Bruce Lee personagem. Esta cena causou grande repercussão junto ao público, o que gerou declarações do diretor, Quentin Tarantino, e de Shanon Lee, filha de Bruce. A pesquisa focou em análise de conteúdo de comentários da Internet, investigando em que termos a iconoclastia foi compreendida. O tratamento foi por meio das categorias: (a) ataque ao personagem, (b) ataque ao diretor e (c) não ofendidos (como grupo de controle).

2024

ChatGPT "A Kid's Guide to Taekwondo" by Sherzodjon Rakhimov is a delightful and informative book designed to introduce children to the world of Taekwondo. With colorful illustrations and engaging content, the book covers various aspects... more

2024

Capítulo 7: Boxeo de sombra y Formas. Tras el calentamiento y los ejercicios de flexibilidad, lo normal a seguir en una sesión de entrenamiento al aire libre, es el trabajo de sombra y Formas(Katas, Kuens, Pumses, Tool, Tao o Kachís, dependiendo del estilo que se practique). Si se van a trabajar ambos, se sugiere que se empiece por sombra, para "soltar" los músculos luego de haber trabajado los ejercicios de flexibilidad anteriormente, además el trabajo de Formas es más formal, y requiere de más precisión técnica en su ejecución. 7.1.Boxeo de sombra: Este es un ejercicio que mejora nuestras habilidades combativas, al tiempo que trabaja nuestro cardio. Si ya llevas algunos años en ésto, puedes utilizar el Boxeo de sombra como calentamiento. Dentro de éste ejercicio debemos utilizar los tips básicos trabajados dentro de nuestra escuela, usando éstos con imaginación como si tuviésemos un rival al frente. Deberemos tratar de utilizar nuestras herramientas combativas de forma lo más variada posible, incluyendo tanto nuestras técnicas ofensivas como defensivas. Defensivas: Esquives, juego de piernas, bloqueos de manos y piernas. Ofensivas: Ataques de mano, piernas, codos y rodillas. Tradicionalmente, el Boxeo de sombra se trabaja a puño cerrado, como en Muay thai y Kickboxing, pero también puedes incluir en él técnicas de mano con manos abiertas o cerradas del tipo tradicional, como técnicas de animales del kung Fu, palmas, cantos, y otras técnicas tradicionales derivadas principalmente del Kung Fu y el Karate. Una de las principales características de sombra, es mantener una buena guardia mientras ejecutamos las técnicas tanto defensivas como ofensivas(recuerda,una mano golpea y la otra se mantiene en la guardia protegiendo tus costillas y tu barbilla).Así también, siempre se deberán ejecutar las técnicas con el desplazamiento de tus pies, sin quedarse fijo en el mismo lugar. No cruzar los pies en los desplazamientos, mantener siempre una buena guardia y postura. Debes también trabajar las fintas, intercalando ataques directos y fintas. Utiliza distintos tipos de combinaciones técnicas en tu trabajo de sombra, usando combinaciones "naturales": por ejemplo después de un jab, lo más lógico es que prosiga con un cruzado, y después de éste el gancho, y luego el upper, y así. Otras no tan "naturales" es salir de esa lógica, y por ejemplo después del jab, en vez de continuar con el cruzado, como sería lo más lógico, sería por ejemplo efectuar una patada circular con la pierna adelantada (con o sin step), para salir de esa lógica. Utiliza todas tus "mañas" combativas, el Boxeo de sombra es el laboratorio sobre el cuál formaremos nuestro estilo de combate.Se dice que como uno ejecuta su trabajo de sombra, es como uno va a pelear, ésto es obviamente para el combate de pie(stricker). Hay distintos tipos de trabajo de sombra dependiendo de la cualidad que queramos mejorar, o el ciclo deportivo en que estén para quienes compiten, pero principalmente se comenzará "calentando motores", de forma no muy rápida ni explosiva al principio, para así gradualmente ir aumentando la intensidad de nuestro trabajo. De cinco a diez minutos, es ideal para una sesión de entrenamiento, aunque un profesional puede estar hasta treinta minutos a veces en este tipo de trabajo. Por razones de no alargarme tanto en este capítulo, incluiré algunos tipos de ataque y defensa, o combinaciones de defensa y ataque(o ataque y defensa), utilizados generalmente en el trabajo de sombra. El trabajo de tu "sombra" se transfiere a la hora de combatir, por lo que es necesario marcar y corregir tus técnicas en este tipo de trabajo. Recuerda combinar en tu trabajo de sombra: Desplazamientos, ataque, esquives, bloqueos y fintas. A continuación presento algunos ejemplos de combinaciones que podrían ser utilizadas en tu trabajo de sombra, pero sólo son eso, ejemplos, tienes que ir utilizando tu creatividad para ir combinando, y a la vez imaginando que frente tuyo tienes un oponente al cual deberás esquivar, bloquear, contraatacar y fintar. Combinación n°1: Esquive lateral a la derecha. cruzado derecho. gancho izquierdo cruzado derecho. recojo pierna retrasada, y patada circular con pierna adelantada. Combinación n°2: esquive lateral a la izquierda. Pivot con el pie derecho. Jab izquierdo. Cruzado derecho. Gancho izquierdo. Cruzado derecho. recojo, y patada lateral con pierna adelantada. Combinación n°3: Jab izquierdo. Codazo circular derecho. Rodillazo frontal derecho. Codazo circular izquierdo descendente. Combinación n°4: Jab-cruzado-gancho-cruzado-gancho-high kick. Combinación n°5: finta con mano adelantada-patada frontal-patada circular y patada con giro. Combinación n°6: esquive lateral-cruzado-gancho-gancho al cuerpo y low kick. Combinación n°7:esquive lateral-jab-cruzado-gancho al cuerpo-low kick. Combinación n°8: Jab-cruzado-"switch"(cambio de guardia rápido) y High kick con pierna adelantada. Combinación n°9: Jab-cruzado-upper-cruzado-gancho-low kick. Combinación n°10: Jab-Upper mano adelantada-gancho al cuerpo. Combinación n°11: Cruzado-"switch" high kick con pierna adelantada-giro con puño de martillo.

2024, The Statues and Legacies of Combat Athletes in the Americas

This is the postprint version of a chapter in C. Nathan Hatton and David M.K. Sheinin's collection The Statues and Legacies of Combat Athletes in the Americas. The official published version is available from Lexington Books, an imprint... more

2024

Forma de lucha de defensa del jaguar / Umhurhiri Kuajpita'an Xikuitakua 4 Parte 1 El esfuerzo del soldado -Autodefensa / Achati Keriti Janguarhitani -Kuapikuarhikua 5 Prólogo 7 Introducción 9 Cap. 1 La Doctrina de la Geonumerología Jorhengu'a Mi'iuni Cap. 2 Postura / Jarhakutaraku'a 22 Cap. 3 Golpe de mano / Jajki Atani 43 Cap. 4 Golpe de codo / Ku'inguisi Atani Cap. 5 Golpe de cabeza / Ejpu Atani Cap. 6 Rodillazo / Jurhintskua Atani Cap. 7 Ataque de Patada / Ta'u'arhpin Atani 84 Cap. 8 Ataque Pisotón / Tau'ajchakuni Atani 94 Cap. 9 Golpe desde el suelo / Echerindu Atani 96 Cap. 10 Golpe de salto / Tsanguarani Atani Cap. 11 Mover una estrella / Manata'ani Josku Parte 2 Ley de la línea recta del jefe / Jaramakua Jirimbiti Juramuti Cap. 12 La oscuridad esconde los tesoros elegidos / Kapindu Jiskani Erakuni Cap. 13 Sabiduría / Jorhengu'a. . . Unhurhiri Ku'ajpita'an Xikuitakua Forma de lucha de defensa del jaguar Parte 1 Achati Keriti Jangualitani El Esfuerzo del Soldado Kuapikuarikua Autodefensa PRÓLOGO Sólo después de mucho pensar y considerar he llegado a la conclusión de embarcarme en este proyecto. Después de mucha investigación y comparación, he recopilado mis conocimientos sobre Defensa Personal, en la que he sido instruido y disciplinado desde temprana edad; y yo He fortalecido las técnicas que he aprendido. He pasado por el proceso de aprendizaje, entrenamiento, aplicación en el mundo real, olvido y reaprendizaje. Me siento seguro de que lo soy. Ahora estoy listo para enseñar mis conocimientos a la nueva generación de seres humanos que están madurando a mi alrededor. Con la esperanza de poder influir positivamente en ellos de alguna manera posible. Debo, ante todo, rendir honor y respeto a mi amado abuelo y al Cuerpo de Marines de los Estados Unidos. quien lo nombró Mayor. A el Señor Jesucristo por permitiendo que nuestros caminos se crucen en este camino llamado vida. Gracias por salvarme con el conocimiento que usted me otorgó, Sr. Antonio C. Cruz Sr. Dios bendiga tu noble alma. I recuerda ahora. Para todos mis hijos, gracias por nacer. Ahora recuerda, hijo mío, que Dios te ha confiado estas cosas, que son sagradas, que Él ha mantenido sagrado y también que guardará y preservará con un propósito sabio en Él, para que pueda mostrar Su poder en las generaciones futuras. Alma 37:14 DEBER DE DEFENDER DEBER DE AHORRAR DEBER DE LIBERAR DEBER DE LIBERAR DEBER DE RESCATAR Unhurhiri Kuajpita'an es una disciplina defensiva. Está compuesto por técnicas y conceptos que aprendí del Método de Defensa de las Fuerzas Especiales de Defensa Israeli; una ideología defensiva estratégica que aprendí de Kung Fu de Leopardo. Además, es completado con una ideología estratégica ofensiva y ataques terrestres que aprendí de Conceptos de Silat. Las tres disciplinas me las enseñó el mismo Sensei a una edad temprana de once. Kantzpini Kuajpita'ani, significa Deber Defensa, respectivamente. Está entero, en otros. palabras, es de integridad defensiva; Utilizar todo el cuerpo para lograr sus objetivos defensivos. Implementa la psicología que cual que el discípulo evite rendirse; ya que se eliminan los movimientos retundantes y se le enseña al aspirante a llegar al clavo e inmovilizar o eliminar al oponente, si es necesario. Esta disciplina no es para usar en la lucha, ni para mostrar valentía. Uno de sus principales objetivos es mantener vivo al discípulo; si es necesario, a costa de la vida del agresor. No Abuses de aquellos que son más débiles que tú. Unhurhiri Kuajpita'an es una disciplina "del que piensan que la tiene que perder". En otras palabras, esta diseñado para derrotar, domar y dominar a los oponentes a quienes son más fuertes, más rápidos y más poderosos que el aspirante. Si te enfrentas a un oponente que domina otro arte marcial o disciplina militar, Kantzpini Unhurhiri Kuajpita'ani U'atsapichuni (Deber de Jaguar Defensa de Cachorros) o Tsi'tsi'ini Cruz Ukua Ambakiti (CruxGar Kung Fu) [Prowesa Afortunada de Lineage Cruz] está en todo su potencial en tales casos. Presento esto con la intencion de llenar el hueco y vacio que existe en nuestra sociedad por la necesidad del conocimento de defensa propia y las ethicas aplicables a ese mismo conocimento, cual denomino Disciplina de Defensa Propia. Entrena duro. Utilízalo sabiamente. Que lo bueno pueda prevalecer. Dios le bendiga. para el Discípulo del Camino del Guerrero, hacia adelante y hacia arriba. Psicología: Cuando era niño, el interés por la defensa personal no se despertaba desde adentro. Era más como una enorme roca rodante con su propia fuerza y su propio impulso, lanzándose hacia abajo por la ladera de una colina; que no pudo evitar atravesarme, pero tuvo la conciencia y la cortesía de decirme cortésmente que subiera. Doy gracias al Señor por ello. Por eso no preguntaré motivos sino que solo impondré refranes. Creo que he hablado con ustedes cuatro en varias ocasiones sobre cómo debemos pensar y cómo debemos comportarnos. No obstante, este es un resumen de todo lo que he intentado enseñarles hasta ahora. No tenemos nada que temer. El miedo es interno, es un sentimiento. Si lo sentimos, nuestro mecanismo es intentando de advertirnos sobre algo que está percibiendo; y debemos atender el llamado. Debemos aprender a comprender nuestro miedo y entrenarnos para reaccionar ante él de manera beneficiosa. Esto significa rápidamente diluyéndolo cuando es demasiado intenso y esforzándonos para escucharlo cuando es demasiado sutil. No podemos tener miedo de lastimar a quienes intentan lastimarnos; Sin embargo, debemos ser maduros al respecto. Nosotros debemos ser realista para lo entero de nuestra situación. Cuando era niño en la escuela, la regla encubierta subrayada en todos los campus que visitaba era más o menos la misma. No te rajes. Esto significa que no retrocedas; incluso si tú sabes que recibirás una buena paliza. ¿Suena destructivo? Sí; Sin embargo, si tiene su lado positivo. Hay ideales benignos detrás de este comportamiento aparentemente idiota. Las peleas no son para siempre. Muchas veces solo duran unos pocos segundos. De niños sólo sabemos pegar. No hace falta pensar mucho, simplemente se hace. En estos circunstancias, la situación realmente no es tan mala como parece. Las probabilidades de salir lastimado realmente no son tan alto. Por esta razón debo enfatizar esto, "No tengáis miedo de luchar"; por el contrario, tómalo como una oportunidad emocionante de aprendizaje. debes superar el miedo inicial a ser golpeado. Una vez que hayas superado este obstáculo, descubrirás que no tienes ningun problema para lanzarte a una pelea después. Puede convertirse fácilmente en una naturaleza segunda, si no tienes cuidado. una naturaleza segunda de doble filo; por eso debemos aprender a dominarlo, tal como aprenderíamos a dominar nuestro miedo. No hablo de rabia, hablo del instinto que vivirá dentro de nosotros una vez que cultivamos los movimientos necesarios para la propia reacción defensiva instintiva del cuerpo. Si no superamos el bache inicial, nuestro cuerpo no reaccionará tan natural y ligeramente como debería. Una vez que eliminamos la impureza, nuestra coordinación física y mental mejorará considerablemente. Otro enorme obstaculo del avance psicológico es el Oportunismo. Esto también es una espada de doble filo; que todo individuo debería aprender a manejar y utilizar moralmente. Al igual que el miedo, ser oportunista es un instinto. Si dejamos que este instinto nos controle, nos arrastrará directamente a la perdición. El oportunismo es la principal causa de la condición mental del acosador. Esta condición surge mediante el cultivo intencional de la caracteristica oportunista, mientras que caracteristicas que la balancean como la disciplina, la miericordia, la paciencia y la reciprocidad se pasan por alto. Es de absoluta importancia para nosotros dominar completamente estos dos aspectos psicológicos de nuestra ser. Utilizarlos sólo en momentos de necesidad o de beneficio general. Un estudiante le dijo a su maestro: "Usted me enseña a pelear, pero hablas de paz. Cómo es reconcilia usted a los dos? El maestro respondió: "Es mejor ser un guerrero preso en un jardín que un jardinero atorado en una guerra". La palabra "Jarhakutaraku'a" significa "forma". Como se puede observar en el texto hebreo, La pronunciación de la "J" es más propia del idioma español. Por eso lo deletreé con Cheh en lugar de Heh o Yod, para acentuar la "k" clara con la "h" ligeramente alargada; "halakutadaku'a" sería ser el inglés más cercano. Para fines de organización apropiada, he dividido las JAYLAS, para abreviar, en dos categorías principales. Que son Jaylas Rectas o y Jayla Terrestres o Echerindu. Los primeros ejercicios que abordaremos se refieren al paso de una postura a otra. Estos son en su mayoría ejercicios para niños. Si alternas entre Jayla terrestre y recta, te encontrarás a ti mismo en un entrenamiento satisfactorio. Los Jaylas son en sí mismas sólo una fracción de un movimiento en una pelea real. Esa fracción, sin embargo, podría marcar la diferencia entre una evasión adecuada y una paliza; entre el impacto ejecutado adecuadamente, o el oponente burlandose de tus intentos lamentables de autodefensa. Comienza la disciplina en Tamixu. Hay profundidad en esa simple frase. En principio la primera prioridad es defender, crudamente, al grano, efectivamente pero defender. Más allá, al considerar todas los variables involucrados, uno se da cuenta de que la autodefensa no es más que una pequeña piedra en el camino de la Gran Muralla del aprendizaje. Cuantas más piedras de conocimiento que posean, mayor sera nuestra estabilidad personal, nuestra confianza y nuestra disposición para la vida; mejor estaremos preparados para defendernos. Nunca dejes de aprender, nunca dejes de mejorar. Ahora debo tomar nota del hecho; que cuando estés en una pelea solo estarás en una posición determinada durante un mínimo de tiempo. Tus movimientos naturales te llevarán fácilmente a través de uno, dos o más...

2024

This is a review of 'The Last Martial Arts Book.'
The author discusses the logic and applicability of the footwork and handwork of 'Nine Square Diagram Boxing.'
This is a 'Tai Chi Chuan' style art, but is presented in Pa Kua modular fashion, and can be done with 'Karate style' explosiveness.
Of particular interest is the consideration of the author's development of 'matrixing' in the art.
The reviews on Amazon are quite good, but the reader should be careful and make sure they get the version with FIVE HOURS OF VIDEO links.

2024

This book is dedicated to the free, creative martial artist: "Research your own experience; absorb what is useful, reject what is useless and add what is essentially your own." to the seven hard-bound volumes, Bruce wrote notes throughout the development of his jeet kune do and left them in stacks and drawers among his belongings. Some were outdated. Others were more recent and still valuable to his book. With the help of his wife Linda Lee, I collected, scanned and thoroughly indexed all the material. Then, I tried to draw the scattered ideas together into cohesive blocks. Most of the copy was left unchanged. The drawings and sketches are Bruce's own. The book's organization, however, could not have been justly done were it not for the patient attention of Danny Inosanto, Bruce's assistant instructors and class of senior students. It was they who took my eight years of martial arts training, threw it out on the floor and turned the theories into action with their knowledge. They have my gratitude both as the editor of this book and, separately, as a martial artist. It should be mentioned that the Tao of Jeet Kune Do is not complete. Bruce's art was changing every day. Within the section on the Five Ways of Attack, for instance, he originally began with a category called hand immobilization. Later, he found that too limiting as immobilizations could be applied to the legs, arms and head, as well. It was a simple observation that showed the limits of attaching labels to any concept. The Tao of Jeet Kune Do has no real ending. It serves, instead, as a beginning. It has no style; it has no level, athough it's most easily read by those who understand their weapons. To every statement within the book, there is probably an exception as no book could give a total picture of the combat arts. This is simply a work that describes the direction of Bruce's studies. The investigations are left undone; the questions, some elementary and some complex, are left unanswered to make the student question for himself. Likewise, the drawings are often unexplained and may offer only vague impressions. But if they spark a question, if they raise an idea, they serve a purpose. Hopefully, this book will be used as a source of ideas for all martial artists-ideas that should then develop further. Inevitably and regrettably, the book may also cause a rash of "jeet kune do" schools, headed by people who know the reputation of the name but very little about the movement. Beware of such schools! If their instructors missed the last, most important line of this book, chances are they failed to understand the book at all. Even the organization of the book means nothing. There are no real lines 1. Momentum should be employed to overcome resistance.

2024, Transformative Works and Cultures

The Green Hornet television series (1966-1967), with Bruce Lee in the role of Kato, the Hornet's sidekick, was broadcast in Hong Kong in 1968. In the subsequent decades, characters referencing the Green Hornet emerged repeatedly in Hong Kong popular culture, and instead of being Anglo-American like the original Hornet, they have all been ethnically Chinese. Scholarship suggests that fans of color are excluded from identifying with or performing white characters, however this does not appear to be the case for Hong Kong fans. This essay uses Homi Bhabha's idea of colonial mimicry to argue that Hong Kong fans arrive at ethnically Chinese inhabiting the Green Hornet by exploiting Kato's partial inclusion as an Asian American and as a sidekick. In addition, as a colonial audience, Hong Kong fans were well-positioned to poach from a transcultural text such as The Green Hornet, and make this cross-racial move.

2024, New Chinese Cinemas: Forms, Identities, Politics

When they ask me for my nationality or ethnic identity, I can't respond with one word, since my "identity" now possesses multiple repertories.... I am a child of crisis and cultural syncretism. Guillermo Gbmez-Pena (1989) In many respects, Hong Kong appears to be an inappropriate place for post colonial arguments. Since the early 1900s, residents of mainland China have left their own country for the British colony. Although the natives challenged colonial authority in the early years and are still negotiating with the government for better political representation, since the late 1970s, many of them have also become compliant. One of the most impressive capitalist enclaves in Asia, Hong Kong has an expanding middle class, which, well-educated and articulate, serves the administration effectively. The dominant cultural mode is a syncretic one: Chinese customs and values are being observed, forgotten, revived, passed on from one generation to the next and modified while Western forms of social organization are practiced. The ideology of acquiescence dominates, and in the late 1980s, an extension of British rule was even proposed by local residents. Reluctance to return to the motherland reflects the popular support for colonial capitalism, while the socialist experience next door is not favored. In short, the Hong Kong people seem more or less satisfied with their situation and have few postcolonial interests.

2024

a los Artistas de las Artes Marciales, Libres y Creadores Toma lo que sea útil y desarrolla a partir de ahí. RECONOCIMIENTOS Expresamos nuestro reconocimiento agradecido a los propietarios de derechos de autor, por su permiso de... more

2024

This paper will analyse the evidence for the design and dating of the Townhouse and spire in Whithorn, a building that stands at 65-69 on the west side of George Street in the centre of the town and is often referred to as the Old Town Hall. It will examine evidence for its precursor, the Tolbooth, which stood in the middle of the street, at a point just above the War Memorial (1924), until it collapsed in 1708, and will briefly consider the New Town Hall (1884), which still stands on the west side of St. John Street. Evidence will be presented to show that the tower and an adjoining cube room to the south were erected in 1709 and the large meeting room or Council chamber above two houses or shops fronting the street was built around 1766. Possibly at the same date, additional rooms and vaulted cells were added in a two story extension to the rear (west) and the houses or shops and the meeting room above were given a new unifying façade to the street in 1814. The design of the tower battlement, shown in a watercolour view of 1825, will be discussed in relation to the New Church, Dumfries (1724-7) and it will be suggested the architect of the Whithorn tower may have been James Smith of Whitehill (1645-1731).

2024, Amazon

Sherzodjon Rakhimov's book on general aspects of taekwondo mastery, discipline, history, and technique for children and those just getting into the art, complete with accompanying images, explanations, and a brief description of personal... more

2024

Micro, Nanosystems and Systems on Chips. Modeling, Control and Estimation Micro and nanosystems represent a major scientific and technological challenge, with actual and potential applications in almost all fields of the human activity.... more

2024, Teaching with Feminist Materialisms

2023, AM

The postponement of equality is not only a recurring topic in Jacques Rancière's writings, but also the most defining feature of modern Chinese aesthetics. Particularly in the period after 1980's, when the country opened its doors to Western ideas, Chinese aesthetics extensively played a subordinate role in an imbalanced knowledge transfer, in which structural inequality was only reinforced. Aesthetics in China plays an important role and is expected not only to interpret literature and art, but also to help building a harmonious society within globalized world. This is the reason why some commentators-Wang Jianjiang being one of them-point out that it is of utmost importance to eliminate this imbalance and develop proper Chinese aesthetics. Since the key issue in this development is the problem of inequality, an approach developed by Jacques Rancière, "the philosopher of equality", is proposed. Even though Rancière wrote extensively about literature, art and aesthetics, in order to confront the problem of Chinese aesthetics, it seems that a different approach, found in his repertoire, could prove to be more fruitful. In 1987, he published a book titled The Ignorant Schoolmaster, which contributed to his ongoing philosophical emancipatory project, and focused on inequality and its conditions in the realm of education. The Ignorant Schoolmaster, nonetheless, stretches far beyond the walls of classroom or even educational system, and brings to the fore political implications that cluster around the fundamental core of Rancière's political philosophy: the definition of politics as the verification of the presupposition of the equality of intelligence. Equality cannot be postponed as a goal to be only attained in the future and, therefore, has to be considered as a premise of egalitarian politics that needs to operate as a presupposition.

2023, 13th International Indology Graduate Research Symposium, 29th & 313th International Indology Graduate Research Symposium, Faculty of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies, University of Cambridge

Kaḷarippayaṟṟ˘ is a ritually transmitted martial art with an allied medical system which originated in South India in the Malabar region of present-day Kerala. A revival in the early twentieth century from near-disappearance, when a small number of practitioners gathered and systematised what knowledge remained, had significant implications both on its practices and its texts. To date there has been little academic enquiry into the texts of kaḷarippayaṟṟ˘, in part because of the inaccessibility of kaḷari lineage manuscripts, and also because of the difficulty of decoding the highly-regionalised and context-specific Malabar Malayalam in which they are written. A kaḷarippayaṟṟ˘ gurukkaḷ (lineage-holder) carries the responsibility of preserving and transmitting the lineage, and so the final śāstric authority of the kaḷari resides in a gurukkaḷ's practice. As such, Malabar kaḷarippayaṟṟ˘ evinces a particular relationship between its inherited texts and living practice, where written texts only partially represent a kaḷari's śāstra, which is only complete when informed by the experience of embodied praxis. This paper discusses the engagement with physical practice required to access kaḷarippayaṟṟ˘ texts in the first place, as well as the necessity of this somatic knowledge in order to translate them. I draw on the practice and texts of CVN Kalari Sangham at East Fort in Thiruvananthapuram, which has been the main focus of my kaḷarippayaṟṟ ̆ enquiries since 2002, applying somatic and embodied methodologies from my work as a dance artist, discussing how these can integrate with more conventional philology and ethnography. Finally, I suggest an alternative methodology for the philology of texts belonging to these kinds of embodied practices. Biography: Lucy May Constantini's PhD at the Open University explores the relationship between practice and textual traditions in kaḷarippayaṟṟ˘, funded by the UK Arts and Humanities Research Council's Open-Oxford-Cambridge Doctoral Training Partnership. This interdisciplinary research encompasses ethnography, drawing on a relationship since 2002 with CVN Kalari in Thiruvananthapuram, and the study of manuscripts in Malayalam and Sanskrit. Lucy spent 10 weeks over 2022 and 2023 studying kaḷarippayaṟṟ˘ manuscripts under the guidance of SAS Sarma at the École française d'Extrême-Orient in Pondicherry. Her research methodology draws on her background in dance and somatic practices, where her work investigates the confluence of her praxes of postmodern dance, martial arts and yoga.

2023, 48th Spalding Symposium on Indian Religions, King's College London

Kaḷarippayaṟṟ˘ is a martial art with an allied medical system from the Malabar region of the modern state of Kerala in South India, practised within a ritualised temple environment. A kaḷarippayaṟṟ˘ gurukkaḷ (lineage-holder) carries the responsibility for preserving and transmitting the system, and regardless of any reverence for inherited manuscripts, the final authority of a kaḷarippayaṟṟ˘ lineage is said to reside in a gurukkaḷ's body and practice. Knowledge is traditionally transferred somatically through a guru-śiṣya paramparā, (teacherstudent transmission) of progressive initiations, with its near-complete form only given to a gurukkaḷ's inheritor. Even then, a portion of this was historically withheld, with the recipients of gurukkaḷs' authority exhorted to rediscover the missing knowledge for themselves. Aside from such tests, other challenges to lineage transmission arose from kaḷarippayaṟṟ˘'s fragmentation and erosion between its medieval heyday to its near-disappearance by the end of the nineteenth century. Its twentieth century revival emerged from the schism wrought between colonialism and the changing nature of warfare and politics in the region. Kaḷarippayaṟṟ's modern re-emergence made novel use of performance, and with the advent of social media favouring performative tendencies and increasing a focus on external and spectacular qualities, some traditional gurukkaḷs fear that other important aspects of kaḷarippayaṟṟ˘ are now disappearing as a consequence.

2023, JOMEC Journal

This paper attempts a consideration of some aspects of what has become known as the 'philosophy of event' as they apply to educational theory and specifically to the educational question of how individuals as subjects can undergo transformation, understood as change that brings forth something new. The centrality of this question is based in the idea that education does not have any meaning or potency without an understanding of how thought, opinions, dispositions and behaviour can be and are changed in educational engagements with knowledge, the world and with other human subjects. Equally important, and therefore also considered briefly here, is the question of the agency of the subjectivity of the individual and whether external social, cultural and historical forces provide a complete frame in order to explain the educational subject. In other words, questions are raised as to whether education can bring about change and if so whether individuals in their subjectivity have any control over this.

2023, http://fightland.vice.com/blog/bruce-is-my-uce-pacific-claims-on-a-martial-arts-icon

Bruce Lee has long been celebrated in the Pacific as much as anywhere else in the world—his achievements as an actor, martial artist, and founder of Jeet Kune Do are well-documented. Bruce is long gone but not forgotten.

2023, Working Paper

Chatbots have been in the news a lot lately, especially since ChatGPT came on the market in late 2022. Numerous articles and working papers have already appeared that discuss or apply various chatbots for a variety of reasons and in a variety of disciplines. The present study investigates the ability of Character.ai, one of the new chatbots, to create a plausible but fake interview with Bruce Lee, one of the most famous martial artists of all time who is now deceased. The result was a surprisingly plausible yet totally fake interview. The present study is part of a much larger study on ChatGPT and other artificial intelligence chatbots. Links to the other studies are included at the end of his paper.

2023, Ars & Humanitas

Ni si mogoče zatiskati oči pred dejstvom, da je turbulentni prehod iz 20. v 21. stoletje potisnil etnologijo in kulturno antropologijo v trden objem, sicer že desetletja navzočega 'tematskega trenda'. Tako posamezni glasovi opredeljujejo sodobno etnologijo in kulturno antropologijo kratko malo kot disciplino, ki kaže precejšnje, morebiti celo obsesivno zanimanje za identifi kacijske procese in kulturne identitete. Kljub dejstvu, da se uspešnice v skladu z utečeno navado dotaknejo slovenskih tal nekoliko pozno, se je potapljanje v globine identitet precej hitro uveljavilo v raziskovalnem zanimanju tudi pri nas ter s presenetljivim zagonom še zdaj polni strani mnogih monografi j in publikacij. Kljub mnogim delom, ki so se na Slovenskem priključila dekonstruiranju esencialističnih pojmovanj identitete (glej Brumen, 2000; Muršič, 1997; Repič, 2005), še vedno lahko zasledimo obravnave identitetnih procesov, ki zavračajo kontrastno oz. relacijsko naravo identitet ter trmasto vztrajajo na njihovi nespremenljivosti in dokončnosti. V tovrstnih pojmovanjih je identiteta lastnina in atribut posameznika ali skupine, ki se pojavlja in izginja (Muršič, 1997, 225-226). Tako denimo v Slovenskem etnološkem leksikonu, ki naj bi »povzel poglavitna spoznanja o slovenski etnologiji« (Baš, 2004, VI), beremo, da je identiteta »nezamenljiv ali poseben skupek lastnosti, načinov ravnanja, mišljenja in doživljanja, v katerih posameznik v svojem življenju prepoznava sebe ... in druge ali se brought to you by COR w metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk

2023, Birth of a Dragon

Birth of a dragon centers on three main characters, they each revolve on one great conflict, although through different perspectives and life lessons, self. The main fight between

2023

There have been significant changes in the field of early childhood education and care (ECEC) in Ireland over recent decades. Responding to the increasing demands for provision, there has been unprecedented investment in the expansion of places and the infrastructure to manage such developments. The growth of local childcare support networks and improved co-ordination across the national voluntary organisations has given an increased visibility to the sector that was missing in the 1990s. The establishment in 2011 of the Department for Children – incorporating the Office of the Minister for Children and Youth Affairs (OMCYA) – should further enhance cohesion and integration across the variety of policy issues, including early years provision, that impact directly on young children’s lives. To a somewhat lesser extent there has been investment in supports for services to enhance the quality and sustainability of provision. This can be seen in the various financial supports available ...

2023, Cinema Journal

This article proposes that Ang Lee's Chinese-language martial arts film, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, be seen as a work of diasporic cinema. The essay explores how the film's material production and its aesthetic form have been shaped by Lee's ties to his Chinese homeland, to other members of the Chinese diaspora, and to the Hollywood films of his American hostland.

2023, AM Journal of Art and Media Studies

2023

JKD, also known as Jeet Kune Do, is a martial art that was developed by Bruce Lee in the 1960s, and is popularly known as a form of self-defense. An effective self-defense system is created when elements of karate, boxing and fencing are combined to create one. It emphasizes simplicity and directness rather than complicated techniques or strategies, which are characteristic of Jeet Kune Do. This makes it well suited for both competitive fighting and selfdefense applications alike.

2023

formation of the hybrid Gall-Gaidhil society. Evidence for such influence in Galloway is rare. Place-names and archaeological material suggest that some Scandinavian settlement did occur in the Machars, particularly around Whithorn, and in the coastal district around the Dee estuary. Elsewhere in Galloway, proof of substantial Scandinavian immigration is negligible, and major Norse influences on Galwegian culture are not immediately visible. (see Chapter 7,3z8-30) (I7) This term, however, could refer simply to the principal settlement of the district. Of the Galwegian districts, Desnes Ioan alone does appear to have formed both an ecclesiastical subdivision of Glasgow diocese and a distinct component within the territories of the lords of Galloway, the borders of both being formed by the rivers Urr, Nith and Cluden. It was, moreover, the only one of the subdivisions of the lordship to appear in a secular role. In this it bears certain similarities to the other deaneries of Glasgow, such as Carrick, Cunninghame or the Lennox, where the secular lordships shared approximately the same

2023, John

Focuses on academic excellence

2023, An Leanbh Óg The OMEP Ireland Journal of Early Childhood Studies

This paper is based on practice based research carried out
in partial fulfilment of a Master of Education degree at the
Institute of Education, Dublin City University. It explores the use
of a progression continua approach in developing practitioner
pedagogical and subject content knowledge in relation to the
development of spatial awareness in preschool aged children.
The policy and research literature shows a focus on preschool
mathematics and that spatial awareness is often overlooked
in preschool mathematical provision. Findings demonstrate
the potential of a learning trajectory approach as a continuing
professional development tool in relation to a preschool
mathematics provision.

2023, Literature Review to Support the Updating of Aistear, the Early Childhood Curriculum Framework

This Literature Review summarises recent national and international literature through the lenses of the four interconnected Themes, focused primarily on early childhood learning and development in the context of curricular frameworks. The Literature Review's findings broadly affirm the relevance of Aistear's existing Aims and Learning Goals for the four Themes. Crosscutting issues that emerged through the literature include greater focus on sustainability, children's agency, social justice and citizenship, rights-based participation, children's digital lives, play and risky play, intentional and guided pedagogies. Curriculum content and guidance must be responsive to the context of children's lives and grounded in empirical evidence, international discourse, and meaningful policy frameworks that support curriculum, pedagogy and assessment for early learning and development (Wood & Hedges, 2016). This Literature Review will ensure Aistear's continued relevance and impact and supplement the wider stakeholder engagement and consultation with educators and children. Initiative (NSAI) by 2028 (see further explanation of the NSAI on p.22). The rollout of the NSAI will include "the redevelopment of CPD resources into a new blended format", combining online and face-to-face delivery (DCEDIY, 2022, p.10). Síolta will be redeveloped into a national self-evaluation framework building on the Aistear Síolta Practice Guide. A commitment to the development of a national policy to embed the key person approach across all ECEC settings is also specified in the document. Furthermore the National Action Plan for Childminding 2021-2028 (DCEDIY, 2021) sets out an incremental and supportive pathway to bring paid, non-relative childminders currently eligible to register with Tusla into the scope of regulation and support, enabling more childminders to access Government subsidies. First 5 commits to funding support to help all regulated childminders achieve a minimum qualification by 2028 (GoI, 2019, p.110).

2023

Many people have helped and contributed to the production of this book in a variety of ways. Particular thanks must go however to Tony Brown, Paul Dash, Rosalyn George, Alex Moore, Michaela Ross and Ian Cole for reading and commenting upon various draft chapters. I want to thank a number of teachers and educators for their help and support; Henry Ward and his students at Welling School for contributions to Chapter 3; Annie Derbyshire, Tessa Hodson, Danny Murphy and Jude Thomas for their contributions to the chapter on the artist-teacher; Esther Sayers from Tate, John Johnston from Goldsmiths Department of Educational Studies and Sophie Leach from NSEAD. Thanks to all my colleagues and students at Goldsmiths for their lively debate and discussion of ideas and to Myrna Felix for administrative support. Thanks also to Yinka Shonibare MBE and the Stephen Friedman Gallery, London, Ingrid Pollard, KOS and the Lehmann Maupin Gallery, New York, Casagrande and the Juan Munoz Trust for allowing me to use reproductions of their work in the text. Earlier versions of Chapter 1 appeared in the International Journal of Art and Design Education, and Access: Critical Perspectives on Communication, Cultural and Policy Studies. An earlier version of Chapter 5 was published in Educational Philosophy and Theory. These chapters have been substantially reworked for this book. I am very grateful for the support, patience and encouragement of Michel Lokhorst at Sense Publications. And finally thanks, as always, to Karen...if not for you... xi INTRODUCTION ...an event, in affecting a world, always has a local rearrangement of the transcendental of this world as its effect. (Badiou 2009, p. 222) ...for me, the event is the immanent principle of exceptions to becoming, or (in other words) Truths. (Badiou 2009, p. 385, my bracket) Everyone has a capacity to think and to learn, to make and to act, to sense and to feel; these processes constitute something enduring about being and becoming. However, generally speaking, either consciously or unconsciously, we are encouraged or sometimes enforced to think, learn, act, feel and make in particular ways. We become subjected to particular ideologies and practices within which such processes are conceived, performed and regulated. But this is not a completely deterministic process, a closed circle; rather, it is always open to disruption so that possibilities for new modes of becoming come into appearance. This is the crux of Badiou's notion of being and event which denotes an ongoing process of existence and change through which human subjects emerge. The notion of being and event signals a tensional dimension of becoming which is a fundamental theme of this book There are a number of tensions running through the book. These are: tensions between tradition and the new; tensions between art in education and contemporary art; tensions between ontologies of practice and epistemologies of assessment; tensions between the socio-cultural notion of difference and an egalitarian notion of the Same, tensions between an ethics of reality, of established values, principles and practices and an ethics of the real; tensions between the different ontological domains of the artist and the teacher which are brought together in the idea of the artist-teacher, tensions between knowledge and not-knowing, tensions between knowledge and truth. Though the book has a particular focus upon learning in art and education the discussion of pedagogies against the state, or pedagogies of the event, has a much wider application to other (perhaps all) fields of learning and its initiation. Most chapters of the book deal with each of these tensional relations in turn but not in the sense of attempting to resolve them; their resolution is always incomplete, but rather in the sense of an imperative to decide what kind of future we want for pedagogical spaces of teaching and learning. The imperative outlined below is not for consensus, which in Ranciere's use of the term would, 'reduce politics to the police', (Ranciere 2004, p. 83), but for a space of politics and dissensus in educational sites, where issues of equality confront established policing frameworks, a space of agonistic encounter in which a struggle for truth in Badiou's sense of this term is engaged in the pursuit of learning. Within a space of dissensus there is a potential for new subjectivations and new pathways for learning, for new distributions of practice, of speaking about and viewing learning. A space of dissensus includes an excess, an exception that holds such potential. It is not simply a space of opinion but a political process within which established frameworks and orders, for example, of representation, practice, values and thought are confronted with the overlooked, the marginalised and the not-known. The latter does not relate to particular individual interests, but 1

2023, El Metodo de Comabte de Bruce Lee

Do fue fundado por Bruce Lee porque creyó que las artes marciales estaban demasiado limitadas. No puedes luchar según patrones, acostumbraba a decir, porque un ataque puede ser incomprensible e incontrolado.

2023, Chinese Semiotics Studies

This article presents an analysis of the most recent statue of Bruce Lee displayed in the entrance to the Bruce Lee exhibition at the Hong Kong Heritage Museum. The analysis primarily utilizes O’Toole’s social semiotic framework as outlined in The language of displayed art (1994, 2011) in the tradition of systemic functional linguistics for analyzing the multimodality of sculpture, and provides insights into how the statue represents the kung fu legend Bruce Lee, who created the martial arts discipline of Jeet June Do. The article begins by first analyzing its sculptural features and then interprets these features against the sociocultural context of the city. The paper argues that the cultural background for the representation of Lee in the statue with its unique representational, modal, and compositional features testifies that meanings attributed to visual information in sculpture are to a large degree socially structured and culturally bound. It shows that the location of the statue and its features such as its gaze and torso can be better understood with reference to the political and cultural significance of Lee’s legacies, thereby enhancing our understanding of the social semiotic nature of statues as a means of commemoration- and a significant part of our cultural heritage.

2022, Philosophy and Rhetoric

What exactly is untology? And why is it important for thinking about teaching effectively? In this article I argue that the most exciting opportunities for pursuing real change in pedagogical practices can be seen in the work of Jacques Rancière, especially in his controversial book The Ignorant Schoolmaster and (as this article traces) in his short essay "What Does It Mean to Be Un?" I argue that what is needed in educators today is an egalitarian aptitude for openness and what I am calling unlearning. Furthermore, through a close reading of Charles Baxter's short story "Gryphon," I claim that the best teachers today are unqualified to teach. Thinking about qualification, as the current neoliberal regime would have us think about it-as a bankable phenomenon-misses the promise of education as a process of unlearning, unknowing and unbecoming. Education is untology.

2022, Digital Creativity

In this article, we discuss the vocaloid pop star Hatsune Miku as an uncertain image, which embodies networks of fans functioning as cultural producers, making it unclear whether creative statements are affectively dialogical or function as entrepreneurial campaigning. Here we describe Hatsune Miku as an image that is not only desired by fans, but that itself desires. We critically debate the affective investments and distributed ownership in the attention economy in relation to the cultural phenomenon of Hatsune Miku, and consider the pop star to be continuously animated, produced, circulated and consumed by fans, while profit is channeled back to the company behind the image: Crypton Future Media. We further argue that this channeling has been enabled by new digital infrastructures, creating a risk that networks of fans' affections and desires may be transformed and mutated into feelings that are entangled with commercial interests, thus producing uncertain images of desire such as Hatsune Miku.

2022, Oltre il giardino

Uno sguardo ad Hong Kong e al cinema di arti marziali.

2022

Three central aspects emerge from this book: martial arts as embodied fantasy, as a culturally embedded form of self-cultivation, and as a continuous process of identity formation. Contributors explore several popular and highbrow cultural considerations, including the career of Bruce Lee, Chinese wuxia films, and Don DeLillo’s novel Running Dog. Ethnographies explored describe how the social body trains in martial arts and how martial arts are constructed in transnational training. Ultimately, this academic study of martial arts offers a focal point for new understandings of cultural and social beliefs and of practice and agency.

2022, Afterimage: The Journal of Media Arts and Cultural Criticism

2022

Siguiente ejercicio, rotación de caderas: De pie, manos en la cintura, pies separados a la anchura de los hombros, efectuar rotaciones de cadera, entre 10 a 15 veces por lado. No mantener los pies rígidamente pegados en el suelo, mientras efectuamos las rotaciones, sino más bien levantar estos levemente de su centro de gravedad, para trabajar en conjunto con la rotación de las caderas. Siguiente ejercicio, Rotación de rodillas: De pie, piernas juntas, apoyamos ambas manos en las rodillas y efectuamos rotaciones de éstas, de 10 a 15 veces por lado. Siguiente ejercicio, rotación de tobillos: De pie, manos en la cintura, levantamos uno de nuestros pies a unos 30-40 cms, y efectuamos entre 10 a 20 rotaciones de tobillo, primero de afuera hacia adentro, luego de afuera hacia adentro; luego de eso cambiamos de pie, repetimos el proceso.

2022, JOMEC Journal

How can one teach what one does not know? Most film depictions of teaching follow a satisfying (and it would seem endlessly entertaining) Aristotelian dramatic structure. But what if the teacher does not know what she is summoned to teach? And what if there were a theory of pedagogy that celebrated a teacher's ignorance rather than her authority (power, position, privilege, pre-established role) or expertise (knowledge, experience, judgment)? How or why, in Jacques Rancière's parlance, an 'ignorant schoolmaster' may have a talent for teaching-that is, an efficacy and influence on student learning that trumps antecedent knowledge-becomes a locus of inquiry in these pages. Several of Wes Anderson's films can be said to include an ignorant schoolmaster, or 'New Master'. Arguably, The Grand Budapest Hotel (2014) features the highest achievement of expression of the ignorant schoolmaster in Anderson's work: M. Gustave teaches without knowing, teaches inadvertently as he learns what needs to be taught. By way of contrast-that is, as a way of illuminating M. Gustave's representative qualities as an ignorant schoolmaster-I will also consider the character of the professional, authoritative, and knowledgeable preparatory school teacher, or 'Old Master', William Hundert in The Emperor's Club (2002).

2022, Chinese Stardom in Participatory Cyberculture

2022, Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas

2022, University of Sheffield

This research presents a genealogical account of how power has shaped early childhood pedagogy in the Republic of Ireland. Using a Foucauldian lens, the research traces the genealogy of pedagogy for young children from the 18 th century to the present day. In doing so, it describes the history of the present discourse of early years pedagogy. While the research is framed from an Irish perspective, it contributes to the global discourse on pedagogy by reimagining pedagogy through a local lens. Department of Education. (1925). Statistics relating to national education in Saorstát for the year 1922-23. Dublin: The Stationery Office. Department of Education. (1933-34). Revised programme of primary instruction. Dublin: The Wood Printing Works. Department of Education. (1948). Revised programme for infants. Dublin: The Stationery Office. Department of Education. (1951). The infant school-notes for teachers. Dublin: The Stationery Office.

2022

Je aikido sebeobrana? Aikido považuji primárně za živý, inspirativní, neustále rozvíjející a mnohovrstevnatý systém myšlení, který při "správném" způsobu uvažování představuje špičkovou sebeobranu (ale na rozdíl od jiných systémů) nejen "na ulici". Děkuji plzeňskému oddílu Aikido Dojo Plzeň a všem učitelům i žákům, jejichž vzájemná spolupráce již přes 20 let poskytuje špičkovou, mezinárodní, pravidelně aktualizovanou avšak stále tradiční, nekomerční a skromnou výuku tohoto unikátního bojového systému.