CAE Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

2025, Operative Dentistry

Clinical Relevance The teeth in this report were restored with a two-step self-etch adhesive system and a microhybrid resin composite. The teeth present with an excellent clinical performance and patient acceptance at the end of a... more

2025, Dental Materials

This study investigated effects of the different emittance-mode protocols from three light curing units (LCUs): (i) a Laser (Monet); (ii) a quad-wave (PinkWave); (iii) a conventional LED (Elipar S10) on the temperature rise (ΔT) and degree of conversion (DC) when photo-curing fast or conventional bulk-fill resin-based composites (RBC). The aim was to correlate ΔT and DC, and the radiant exposure delivered to RBC specimens. Methods: A 3D-printed resin mold of 4 mm depth was filled with two bulk-fill RBCs: Tetric PowerFill® (fast photopolymerised composite) (TPF) or Tetric EvoCeram® Bulk-Fill (EVO). Three LCUs were used: (i) Monet laser for 1 s and 3 s (MONET-1 s, MONET-3 s); (ii) PinkWave quad-wave used for 3 s in Boost mode (PW-3 s) and for 20 s in standard mode (PW-20 s); (iii) Elipar S10 for 5 s (S10-5 s) and for 20 s in standard mode (S10-20 s). 2-dimensional temperature maps were obtained before, during and for 60 s after the LCU had turned off using a thermal imaging camera. Thermal changes were analysed at five depths: (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mm from the top surface of the RBC). The maximum temperature rise (T max) and the mean temperature rise (ΔT) were determined. Cylindricalshaped specimens were prepared from each material using a stainless-steel split mold (4 × 4 mm) and light-cured with the same protocols. The DC was measured for 120 s and at 1 h after LCU had turned off using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Data were analysed using Three-way ANOVA, One-way ANOVA, independent t-tests, and Tukey post-hoc tests (p < 0.05). Results: Radiant exposures delivered by the various irradiation protocols were between 4.5-30.3 J/cm 2. Short exposure times from MONET-1 s and PW-3 s delivered the lowest radiant exposures (4.5 and 5.2 J/cm 2 , respectively) and produced the lowest ΔT and DC. The longer exposure times in the standard modes of PW-20 s, S10-20 s, and MONET-3 s produced the highest T max , ΔT, and DC for both composites. The ΔT range among composites at different depths varied significantly (31.7-49.9 • C). DC of TPF ranged between 30-65% and in EVO between 15.3-56%. TPF had higher T max, ΔT for all depths and DC compared to EVO, across the LCU protocols (p < 0.05), except for PW-20 s and MONET-3 s. The coronal part of the restorations (1-2 mm) had the highest ΔT. There was a positive correlation between ΔT and DC at 4-mm depth after 120 s Significance: Longer, or standard, exposure times of the LCUs delivered greater radiant exposures and had higher DC and ΔT compared to shorter or high-irradiance protocols. The fast photo-polymerised RBC had comparatively superior thermal and conversion outcomes when it received a high irradiance for a short time (1-5 s) compared to the conventional Bulk-Fill RBC.

2025, Durability of Regained Surface Smoothness of Bleached Resin Composite by Surface Sealants

Aim: This study evaluated the effect of surface sealants and repolishing to regain surface smoothness of bleached micro hybrid resin composite, and how long this effect presented after aging processes by thermocycling and tooth brushing. Materials and Methods: a total number of 120 micro hybrid resin composite disc specimens were prepared using Teflon mold (10x2 mm), then bleached using Opalescence Boost 40%. The specimens were divided into 3 groups: G I treated with Voco Easy Glaze surface sealant, G II treated with PermaSeal surface sealant, and G III repoloshed by OneGloss. Aging process (tooth brushing followed by thermocycling) was applied. Surface roughness was measured using profilometer after bleaching, treatment readings, and aging. The data were statistically recorded and compared at 5% level of significance. Results: One Way ANOVA test showed significant decrease in (Ra) after treatment and aging for each group with the highest decrease was by Voco Easy Glaze, followed by PermaSeal and One Gloss. Kruskil wallis test showed significant decrease in surface roughness after treatment and aging. The aging showed statistically significant reincrease in roughness in all groups, and Voco Easy Glaze showed the least durability. Conclusions: Surface Sealants application improved surface smoothness of bleached resin composite, and the durability of this smoothness is material dependent.

2025, The Scientific World Journal

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of nanofilled protective resin coating (RC) on the surface roughness (Ra) and color stability(ΔE)of resin-based restorative materials (RM) (compomer (C), nanofilled composite (NF), and microhybrid composite (MH)) after being submitted to the ultraviolet aging (UV) method. Thirty-six specimens were prepared (n=6for each group). The Ra and(ΔE)values and SEM images were obtained before and after UV. Significant interactions were found among the RM-RC-UV procedures for Ra(P<0.001). After the specimens were submitted to UV, the Ra values were significantly increased, regardless of the RC procedure (with RC;P<0.01for all, without RC; C(P<0.01), NF(P<0.001), and MH(P<0.001)) for each RM. Significant interactions were found between the RM-RC(P<0.001)procedures for theΔEvalues. TheΔEvalues were increased in each group after applying the RC procedures(P<0.001). Protective RC usage for RM could result in material-related di...

2024, International Journal of Engineering and Information Systems (IJEAIS)

The article provides an overview of generalized CAD classification. Attention is focused on application of CAD / CAM / CAE in instrumentation. As result, 8 main criteria for choosing CAD / CAM / CAE instrumentation are proposed. The modern leaders in "medium-sized CAD" market are considered: SolidWorks, Autodesk Inventor, KOMPAS-3D and "heavy CAD" CATIA. Their functionality and features are described.

2024, Efficacy of polishing in reducing surface roughness of different restorative materials after tooth whitening (Atena Editora)

In current relationships, a smile has the power to influence, both positively and negatively, individuals' interactions. In this sense, a person with a harmonious smile has a great chance of having advantages and success in the social sphere. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of intraoral polishing of some direct restorative materials in reducing surface roughness after tooth whitening. To carry out this study, the following direct restorative materials were tested: Filtek Z350 XT nanoparticle composite resin (3M-ESPE) and Vittra APS (FGM); and the conventional glass ionomer cements Maxxion R (FGM) and the light-cured Vitro Fill LC (DFL). These were subjected to the whitening procedure with 35% hydrogen peroxide (Whiteness HP Maxx, FGM), simulating the in-office whitening technique, and the use of polishing agents, simulating intra-oral polishing after whitening. After verifying the normality of data distribution, Analysis of Variance (2-factor ANOVA) was applied and subsequently the Kruskall-Wallis Test. According to the results found in this study, the polishing procedure was not effective in reducing the surface roughness of these materials after the bleaching carried out. Therefore, after using whitening gels, it is important to replace the restoration or carry out repairs.

2024

light-curing units (LCU) (Elipar S10, Elipar DeepCure-S, Corded VALO and Bluephase Style) using different types of radiometers. The devices used to analyze the LCU were classified as either handheld analog (Henry Schein, Spring, Demetron 100A, Demetron 100B and Demetron 200), handheld digital (Bluephase 1, Bluephase II, Coltolux, CureRite and Hilux), or laboratory instruments (Thermopile and Integrating Sphere). The laboratory instruments and the Bluephase II radiometer were also used to measure the LCU’s power (mW). The LCU’s were activated for 20 s (n=5). Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Student-Newman-Keuls multiple comparison test (α=0.05). Among the LCU, the laboratory instruments presented different irradiance values, except for Corded VALO. The Coltolux and Hilux radiometers measured greater irradiance values compared to the laboratory instruments for the four LCUs tested. Within a given LCU, handheld analog units measured lower irradiance values, compared to handh...

2024, Dental Materials

d e n t a l m a t e r i a l s 2 9 S (2 0 1 3) e1-e96 e5 intra-oral adjustments or during function, has the potential to increase the lifetime of dental ceramic prostheses by delaying crack growth and fracture.

2024, Dental Materials

2024, Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the 5-year clinical performance of occlusal carious restorations using nanofill and microhybrid composites, in combination with 3-step etch-and-rinse adhesives, in patients who were going to commence orthodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: A total of 118 restorations for occlusal caries were conducted prior to orthodontic treatment. Occlusal restorations were performed both with Filtek Supreme XT (3M ESPE) and Filtek Z250 (3M ESPE) before beginning orthodontic treatment with fixed orthodontic bands. Restorations were clinically evaluated at baseline and at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5-year recalls. Results: None of the microhybrid (Filtek Z250) and nanofill (Filtek Supreme XT) composite restorations was clinically unacceptable with respect to color match, marginal discoloration, wear or loss of anatomical form, recurrent caries, marginal adaptation, or surface texture. A 100% success rate was recorded for both composite materials. There were no statistically significant differences in any of the clinical evaluation criteria between Filtek Z250 and Filtek Supreme XT restorations for each evaluation period. Conclusions: The composite restorations showed promising clinical results relating to color matching, marginal discoloration, wear or loss of anatomical form, recurrent caries, marginal adaptation, and surface texture at the end of the 5-year evaluation period.

2024, Restorative dentistry & endodontics

The aim of the study was to evaluate the 5-year clinical performance of occlusal carious restorations using nanofill and microhybrid composites, in combination with 3-step etch-and-rinse adhesives, in patients who were going to commence orthodontic treatment. A total of 118 restorations for occlusal caries were conducted prior to orthodontic treatment. Occlusal restorations were performed both with Filtek Supreme XT (3M ESPE) and Filtek Z250 (3M ESPE) before beginning orthodontic treatment with fixed orthodontic bands. Restorations were clinically evaluated at baseline and at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5-year recalls. None of the microhybrid (Filtek Z250) and nanofill (Filtek Supreme XT) composite restorations was clinically unacceptable with respect to color match, marginal discoloration, wear or loss of anatomical form, recurrent caries, marginal adaptation, or surface texture. A 100% success rate was recorded for both composite materials. There were no statistically significant differences ...

2024, Dental Materials

were performed 24 h after dry storage and repeated after 1-month water storage using a spectrophotometer (Konica-Minolta) and applying the CIELab parameters. Color stability was determined by calculating Delta E (E) values. Results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test (95%). Results: The DC was affected by the EDMAB content, but it was not affected by the BisGMA:TEGDMA ratios used in this study. The highest mean DC values were obtained by the low-viscosity resin using CQ:EDMAB 1:2 and 1:3 ratios (55 ± 3 and 59 ± 3%, respectively). Hardness positively related to the DC results. Color parameters presented distinguished behaviour. All parameters were dependent on the storage condition. The amine content affected E and the b-axis color values; whereas the greater the amine content, the lower the color stability and the greater the yellowing effect. The lowviscosity resin using CQ:EDMAB 1:2 was the only material to demonstrate E lower than 3 (clinically acceptable) after 1 month of water storage. Conclusions: The CQ:amine ratio presented high effect over the polymerization efficiency and the color stability, but presented distinguished behaviour when analyzed in different media.

2024, Cadernos De Saude Publica

This study aims to assess the resin composite purchases in a public health system and understand the variables associated with its cost and with the decision-making process over a period of 10 years. Secondary data collection was performed using the Brazilian Healthcare Prices Database (BDHP) from 2010 to 2019. All conventional and bulk-fill composites were selected. Date of purchase, institution type and location, procurement modality, number of purchased items, manufacture, and unit prices were collected. A multiple linear regression model assessed the influence of price in the procurement variables, while a multinomial logistic regression compared purchase probabilities between the materials. In total, 18,138 observations were collected with 2,129,294 purchased units and a total cost of USD 43,504,260.00. Conventional composites appeared in 98.5% of the procurement process. Nanofilled conventional composites were the most purchased materials, with an increased probability of purchase over time, despite its higher prices. An increase in prices was predicted for bulk-fill materials when compared to conventional ones. The odds of purchasing this category increased by 3.14x for every price increase over the years. Sociodemographic and type of institution influences the prices and the probability of procurement in the healthcare system. Nanofilled and bulk-fill resin are increasingly included in clinical practice. These findings highlight possible modifications to the standard-of-care in restorative treatments and how the translation of knowledge may occur from the development of new materials to the clinical application considering the economic impact of these modifications.

2024, Materials

The performance of dental resin-based composites (RBCs) heavily depends on the characteristic properties of the individual filler fraction. As specific information regarding the properties of the filler fraction is often missing, the current study aims to characterize the filler fractions of several contemporary computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) RBCs from a material science point of view. The filler fractions of seven commercially available CAD/CAM RBCs featuring different translucency variants were analysed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Micro-X-ray Computed Tomography (µXCT), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG) and X-ray Diffractometry (XRD). All CAD/CAM RBCs investigated included midifill hybrid type filler fractions, and the size of the individual particles was clearly larger than the individual specifications of the manufacturer. The fillers in Shofu Block HC featured a sphericity of ≈0.8, while i...

2024, Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences

Aim: This study analyzed the effect of whitening mouth rinses on water sorption (WS), solubility (SL), color change, and surface roughness of a nanofilled composite. Whitening perceptibility and acceptability (WID) were also studied. Methods: Forty specimens of Filtek Z350XT, shade EA2 were produced and randomly distributed (n=8) to AS – artificial saliva (control); LWE – Listerine Whitening Extreme; CLW – Colgate Luminous White; LCM – Listerine Cool Mint; and CP – Colgate Plax. They were immersed in the mouth rinses 2x/day, for one minute, during 28 days. The color was assessed using an Easyshade spectrophotometer (CIE-L*a*b* system). Surface roughness (Ra-μm) was measured with three parallel measures, using an RP-200 roughness meter. The WS and SL (μg/mm-3) were analyzed based on the ISO 4049 recommendations. The data were analyzed using one- and two-way ANOVA/Tukey tests (α=0.05). Results: Surface roughness significantly increased after immersion in AS and LCM, with no significan...

2024, Odontology

In the present study are depicted valuable observations for practitioners, obtained from an in vitro study which aims to evaluate the compressive strength of occlusal veneers fabricated from 3 type of restorative materials, before and after 1 month of acidic artificial saliva exposure (pH = 2.939). In this context, 90 extracted human molars were prepared to receive computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) occlusal veneers. The restorative materials considered in this study were: Cerasmart; Straumann Nice and Tetric CAD. The occlusal veneers were designed, milled and cemented with an adhesive dual-cure resin cement. From all the extracted human molars, only sixty specimens were immersed in acidic artificial saliva, for 1 month, at 37 °C ± 1 °C and part of this specimens were also thermo-cycled, between 5 and 55 °C ± 2 °C, before compressive strength test. The results showed a lower compressive strength for both the samples exposed to acidic artificial saliva as we...

2024, Dental Materials

Conclusions: The heat produced by the laser power of 4.5 W at 20 PPS might not only potentially decrease the dental pulp cell viability, but also have shown to cause noticeable modifications on the YSZ surface, making this parameter not... more

2024, Journal of Dental Health and Oral Research

In restorative dentistry, selection of materials is decisive to obtain optimal aesthetic results, in the case of dental resins, the size characteristics and particle distribution of the different polishing systems, constitute a factor considerably influences the results. Objective: The purpose of the present research work was to compare three systems employed to polishing composite resin, documenting the results at the microscopic level, to identifying which of them showed better results concerning the roughness. Material and methods: Three polishing systems were evaluated: Soflex from 3M®, Optra Pol and Astrobrush from Ivoclar® Vivadent and Jiffy Hishine from Ultradent, employing the LSM 700 Confocal Microscopy System, also roughness was observed and registered on the surface of a nanofiller resin Tetric Evoceram Ivoclar® Vivadent inserted in stainless steel molds. Results: The roughness mean observed were as follows: 13.95μm for Soflex of 3M®, 13.45μm for Optra Pol of Ivoclar® and 8.05μm for Jiffy Hishine Ultradent. All data recorded in Microsoft Excel 2010 IBM STATISTICS, determinated statistical differences between the groups of Ultradent®. Conclusion: The lowest roughness corresponded to Ultradent with values of 8.01μm.

2024, Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences

Aim: Although bulk fill composites have been widely used as restorative material, there is no consensus regarding the best clinical protocol in terms of composite technique and adhesive system. Therefore, this clinical trial evaluated the clinical performance of bulk fill composites for class I restorations under different protocols. Methods: A randomized clinical trial including 155 class I restorations was conducted using different adhesive systems: conventional technique (phosphoric acid + conventional three-step adhesive system) (Group 1, 2 and 3); or self-etching adhesive system (Groups 4, 5 and 6). Control groups 1 and 4 were restored with conventional composite; groups 2 and 5 with low viscosity bulk fill and conventional composite as occlusal coverage; groups 3 and 6 with high viscosity bulk fill. The FDI criteria was used for clinical evaluation at baseline and after 6 months. Results: All groups showed good clinical performance. At baseline, the adhesive system did not aff...

2024, Scanning

To evaluate changes in surface characteristics of two different resin composites after 1 year of water storage using a profilometer, Vickers hardness, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). A total of 46 composite disk specimens (10 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick) were fabricated using Clearfil Majesty Esthetic and Clearfil Majesty Posterior (Kuraray Medical Co, Tokyo, Japan). Ten specimens from each composite were used for surface roughness and microhardness tests (n = 10). For each composite, scanning electron microscope (SEM, n = 2) and atomic force microscope (AFM, n = 1) images were obtained after 24 h and 1 year of water storage. The data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and a post-hoc Bonferroni test. Microhardness values of Clearfil Majesty Esthetic decreased significantly (78.15-63.74, p = 0.015) and surface roughness values did not change after 1 year of water storage (0.36-0.39, p = 0.464). Clearfil Majesty Posterior microhar...

2024, Dental Materials

The aim of this study was to microbiologically compare the surface of class V restorations performed with microhybrid composite resin or flowable composite resin, over 48 months, in order to determine an increased risk of secondary caries. Methods & Materials: 36 class V restorations were performed according to a standardized method, in order to asses if the different composite materials had changed the microbiological pattern on the restoration's surface. Samples were collected over 48 months from the execution of the restoration, to evaluate the incidence of time on the growth of S. mutans, in correspondence of four different composite resins (two microhybrid and two flowable composite resins). Samples were managed with sterile paper points, withdrawing localized plaque on the margin of the restoration, then kept frozen in saline solution. For each tooth with class V restoration a control sample was taken from an healthy element, to analyze the relationship between presence of S. mutans and restoration. Samples were processed according to the method of PCR-Realtime, to find and quantify S. mutans. For restorations were used 2 microhybrid composite resins, Venus Diamond (Heraeus Kulzer) and Ceram-x (Dentsply) and 2 flowable resins,Tetric Evoflow (Ivoclar Vivadent) and Venus Diamond flow (Heraeus Kulzer). Results: Flowable composite resins show an increased capability of creating a suitable substrate to bacterial growth, probably because of the surface porosity that this resin develops in time, caused by imbibitions of the organic matrix. The highest quantity of bacterial flora was found on restorations performed with flowable resin; also the highest relative quantity of S. mutans was found on the same kind of restoration. Conclusion: Flowable composite resins seem to offer a better substrate to bacterial growth in general; data obtained can state that there's an increased growth of S. mutans in correspondence of restorations performed with flowable composite resin.

2024, Dental Materials

d e n t a l m a t e r i a l s 3 3 S (2 0 1 7) e1-e92 e55 strains were from Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (Gram negative) and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (Gram positive) used the paper disc method and the wells method. The reading (24 h and 48 h) was done by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone: the larger the inhibition zone diameter, the greater the susceptibility of bacteria to antimicrobial substance. Results: Values for elastic modulus (E) and flexural strength (FS) at 24 h of the 0.8% concentration GO-ZrO 2 presented the higher values, but after 1 month of storage this concentration showed the lower values of all. For the two bacteria tested the composites with graphene loaded presented inhibition of growth for all concentration. Also, by the wells method it may notice a higher antibacterial activity and especially for the GZ2 against E. coli (12 mm) and GS2 against S. aureus (13 mm). The largest diameter of bacterial inhibition zone (14 mm) was obtained by the paper disc method for GS1, GS2 against S. aureus and GZ2 against E. coli. Conclusions: The bacterial inhibition assay revealed that exist an antibacterial activity for all samples, but most good activity is against S. aureus bacteria for composites with GO-SiO 2 graphene. Values flexural strength after 1 month of storage was lower.

2024, The Scientific World Journal

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of nanofilled protective resin coating (RC) on the surface roughness (Ra) and color stability (Δ) of resin-based restorative materials (RM) (compomer (C), nanofilled composite (NF), and microhybrid composite (MH)) after being submitted to the ultraviolet aging (UV) method. Thirty-six specimens were prepared (= 6 for each group). The Ra and (Δ) values and SEM images were obtained before and after UV. Significant interactions were found among the RM-RC-UV procedures for Ra (< 0.001). After the specimens were submitted to UV, the Ra values were significantly increased, regardless of the RC procedure (with RC; < 0.01 for all, without RC; C (< 0.01), NF (< 0.001), and MH (< 0.001)) for each RM. Significant interactions were found between the RM-RC (< 0.001) procedures for the Δ values. The Δ values were increased in each group after applying the RC procedures (< 0.001). Protective RC usage for RM could result in material-related differences in Ra and Δ as with used UV method.

2024, Dental Materials

Objective: This study evaluates critical material properties resulting from ultra-fast (3 s) photo-polymerization at high radiant emittance of a pre-production, novel bulk-fill resinbased composite (RBC) modified for reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Methods: The output characteristics of the associated light curing unit (LCU) were measured on a laboratory-grade spectrometer. Real-time Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and mechanical investigations (depth-sensing indentation with a linear and spatial distribution of the measured properties, and three-point bend tests) were performed using, as reference material, an established bulk-fill RBC of comparable chemical composition. Micromechanical properties were mapped to quantify material tolerance to sub-optimal , but clinically relevant curing conditions (exposure distance of 5 mm and an angulation of the LCU of 20° and 30°) vs. ideal curing conditions (exposure distance of 0 mm and no angulation), with 3 s polymerization. Weibull statistics, one-and multiple-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) post hoc-test (α =0.05) were used for data comparison. Results: The change in cure mechanism to RAFT polymerisation gave slightly faster initial polymerisation kinetics, but DC measured 300 s post irradiation was similar, irrespective of material, curing depth or polymerisation condition. Slightly better polymerisation, in layers thicker than 4-mm, was identified in the RAFT polymerised RBC. However, slightly lower flexural modulus and hardness, up to 1.5-mm subsurface, were related to the ca. one wt.% lower inorganic filler content. Significance: RAFT polymerisation induced comparable properties to a RBC cured via free radical polymerisation of comparable chemical composition. The RAFT polymerised RBC with high irradiance for 3 s was equivalent to 10 s of moderate irradiance. However, the clinical tolerance for 3 s irradiance should be limited to an exposure distance of 5-mm and angulation of the LCU should be avoided. If this is not possible, an additional 3 s polymerisation is recommended.

2024, Dental Materials

To evaluate how the light delivered to resin-composites was described in recent articles. Method: PubMed was searched for 300 articles published between January 2017 and May 2018 with keywords relating to photocuring of dental materials. The articles examined a wide range of resin-composite properties and performance. For each article, the information provided about the light curing unit (LCU), the light curing conditions and the characteristics and quantity of the light used in the study were recorded. Specifically, the type of LCU used; the irradiance; how the irradiance was measured; the exposure times; whether the light energy (radiant exposure) received by the specimen was determined, or if only the light output at the LCU tip was measured; whether the distance between the tip of the LCU and the specimen was reported; and whether the emission spectrum from the LCU was reported. Where possible, the resin manufacturer's minimum energy requirement (MER: the product of the recommended minimum exposure time and irradiance) was compared to the radiant exposure delivered to the specimen. Results: Of the 300 articles examined, 217 were published in 2017 and 83 in 2018. Of these articles, 130 (43%) were found in open access journals, and 170 (57%) were in subscription-based journals. The name of the LCU used was not provided in 31 articles, 14 articles did not provide the exposure time, and 227 articles did not report the distance to the specimen. An irradiance value was reported in 231 articles, but this was the irradiance received by the specimen in only 48 instances. The emission spectrum from the LCU was reported in 15 articles. There was a large range in the radiant exposures from below 10 J/cm 2 to greater than 100 J/cm 2 .

2024

This study evaluated the vitro performance of the effect of in-office bleaching (Zoom gel material) on the color changes of the one hundred twenty discs specimens, 5 mm in diameter and 2 mm thickness and shade color (A1).these were divided to three groups according to material which prepared from; Beautiful II (B), ISP Empress Direct (E) and Ceram.x.mono composite resins (C), each group's discs specimens were subdivided into four subgroups (n=10), according to the time follow up. All specimens' discs were polished and stored in distilled water at 37°C for one week. These specimens' discs were exposed later to four sessions of in office bleaching. The colorimetric measurements were performed at baseline (before bleaching), 48 hours after bleaching, 3 months and 6 months after bleaching. Data statistically analyzed. Results showed: there were significant effects on the different color parameters L*, a* and b* according to the CIE L* a* b* color system and color change (∆E) on the specimens of the three contemporary composite resins materials.

2024, ASIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY ASIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY

In the present study, the physical and chemical analysis effects of the in-office bleaching gel (H2O2 25 %) on three contemporary restorative composite resins were evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and Vickers micro hardness taster (HVS). Out of all the tested composite resins in comparison with two follow-up examinations (before bleaching and after one week of bleaching). A total of 300 discus composite resins; Beautifil II, a nano hybrid composite resin (Giomer); IPS Empress Direct, a nano hybrid composite resin (Ceromer); and the Ceram-x-mono, a nano ceramic micro hybrid composite resin (Ormocer); (n = 100 for each group), were selected for an measurements evaluation of before (n = 50 for each group) and after one week of bleaching treatment (n = 50 for each group) by micro hardness tester measurements and chemical analysis using SEM, AFM, EDAX images and FTIR (n = 10 for each test). The Vickers's hardness revealed a significant increase in micro hardness of the Beautifil II and IPS Empress Direct; also the SEM, AFM, EDAX images and FTIR revealed a great diversity in ultrastructure. The results obtained served to validate that the methods employed in this study and were useful in examining and analyzing the physical and chemical changes of bleaching on the composite resins. It was also found that the changes of the arrangement of filler and chemical composition on the composite resins caused by the effect of bleaching had an effect on the chemical and physical properties. Further studies are needed in search of clinical applications that optimally match the differing properties of these materials.

2024

This study evaluated the vitro performance of the effect of in-office bleaching (Zoom gel material) on the color changes of the one hundred twenty discs specimens, 5 mm in diameter and 2 mm thickness and shade color (A1).these were divided to three groups according to material which prepared from; Beautifil II (B), ISP Empress Direct (E) and Ceram.x.mono composite resins (C), each group's discs specimens were subdivided into four subgroups (n=10), according to the time follow up. All specimens' discs were polished and stored in distilled water at 37°C for one week. These specimens' discs were exposed later to four sessions of in office bleaching. The colorimetric measurements were performed at baseline (before bleaching), 48 hours after bleaching, 3 months and 6 months after bleaching. Data statistically analyzed. Results showed: there were significant effects on the different color parameters L*, a* and b* according to the CIE L* a* b* color system and color change (∆E) on the specimens of the three contemporary composite resins materials.

2024, Clinical Oral Investigations

Objectives A systematic review and a network meta-analysis were performed to answer the following research question: BIs there any light-activation protocol capable of improving color change efficacy when associated with an in-office bleaching gel in adults?M aterial and methods A search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, BBO, Cochrane Library, and SIGLE without date and/or language restrictions in April 23, 2017 (updated on March 30, 2018). IADR abstracts (1990-2018), unpublished and ongoing trial registries, dissertations, and theses were also searched. Only randomized clinical trials conducted in adults that included at least one group treated with in-office dental bleaching with light activation were included. The risk of bias (RoB) was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. A random-effects Bayesian-mixed treatment comparison (MTC) model was used to combine light-activated versus light-free in-office bleaching with direct light-free comparison trials. A meta-analysis with independent analysis (high-and low-concentrate hydrogen peroxide [HP]) was conducted for color change (ΔE*, ΔSGU). Results After the removal of duplicates, title, and abstract screening, 28 studies remained. Nine were considered to be at a low RoB, five were at a high RoB, and the remaining were at an unclear RoB. The MTC analysis showed no significant difference in color change (ΔE* and ΔSGU) between light-activation protocols and light-free in-office bleaching, regardless of the HP concentration in the efficacy of the bleaching. Conclusion No type of light-activated in-office bleaching was superior to light-free in-office bleaching for both high-and lowconcentrate in-office bleaching gels (PROSPERO-CRD42017078743). Clinical relevance Although many times dental professionals use Blaser whitening^as a form of marketing, this study confirmed that no type of light-activation for in-office bleaching can improve the bleaching efficacy.

2024, Applied Sciences

Hybrid bioactive composite resins combine the benefits of glass ionomer cements with composite resins. Its self-adhesiveness is achieved through functional polyacrylic acids and carboxylic groups, hybridizing the smear layer and establishing ionic interactions between calcium and dentin. These materials are defined as having good aesthetics, moisture tolerance, durability, simplicity in technique and handling and are able to maintain a low microfiltration rate while releasing calcium, phosphate and fluorine. The aim of the present study was to evaluate microleakage in restorations using Surefill One™ bioactive resin. The null hypothesis is that this type of resin does not obtain a lower microleakage rate when compared to other materials. An in vitro study was carried out using thirty-six premolars and molars extracted for orthodontic reasons. Identical preparations were thus performed in all of them (Class V with 4 mm mesio-distal, 3 mm occluso-gingival and 3 mm in depth) and divide...

2024, Clinical and experimental dental research

Objectives: While various approaches are available for tooth whitening, the basic concept employs the use of peroxides in the form of gels, which are applied to tooth surfaces. Previous studies have shown that reactive oxygen species acting as potent disinfectants can be produced using boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes for the electrolysis of water. With these electrodes being applicable, for example, for endodontic treatment, it was the goal of this pilot study to use such electrodes for tooth whitening. Material and Methods: Two groups (n = 10) of intact clinical crowns were obtained by horizontally cutting off roots of extracted human teeth. The crowns were either bleached by applying a commercially available agent based on 40% hydrogen peroxide or were immersed in saline undergoing electrolysis with BDD electrodes. Whitening of specimens was judged on standardized photographs by examiners with three different levels of experience. Statistical analysis was based on Gwet's AC2 coefficient with quadratic weights, Shapiro-Wilk tests, and two-way analysis of variance of aligned rank transformed data (level of significance set at α = .05). Results: Levels of reliability ranging from fair to substantial were recorded for single persons while the level of reliability ranged between fair and moderate for groups of raters. The level of experience had no significant effect on the ratings (p = .2500). The bleaching method had a significant effect on ratings (p = .0005) with BDD electrodes showing less effect. Conclusions: Bleaching by applying BDD electrodes was possible, but was not as effective as the use of commercially available in-office whitening gel. A potential explanation may be seen in different concentrations of reactive oxygen species.

2024, Clinical and experimental dental research

2024, The Journal of dentists

The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate differences in surface wear of enamel-material and dentin-material bonded interfaces obtained from upper molars samples and subjected to cycling occlusal load. Methods: Forty-eight flat specimens of enamel-material and dentin-material bonded interfaces were prepared using different restorative materials with both CAD-CAM techniques and direct techniques. After the bonding and cementation procedures specimens were tested with a chewing machine with a stainless-steel ball on flat sliding contact (20N loads, 50.000 cycles). Wear analysis and comparison of the enamel or dentin substrates and the three restorative materials was performed using a 3D profilometer and analyzed with ANOVA test and post-hoc comparison procedures. Finally worn surfaces were examined with optical microscopy. Results: Statistical analysis after simulated chewing cycles identified a significant influence of the factor "substrate" (p<0.05) and of the factor "restorative material" (p<0.05). The enamel results in being more wear resistant than dentin, and also more resistant than all the restorative materials tested. Considering the materials, the most severe wear loss was observed with micro-hybrid composite paste. CAD-CAM materials showed a wear rate significantly better both in association with enamel and dentin. An interesting wear pattern was found at the bonded interface level and the oval shapes obtained from the profilometer images underlined a repetitive wear pattern with the central zone more consumed and decreasing depth moving towards the perimeter. Initials signs of cracks were showed in enamel interfaces at the optical microscopy analysis. Conclusions: Both the dental substrate and the restorative material significantly affect the wear behavior of a toothmaterial interface after cyclic fatigue. Thus, the initial null hypotheses were rejected.

2024, Maedica

Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of curing time and bleaching agents on microhybrid composite resin surface microhardness.Material and method: A total of 180 microhybrid composite resin disks were divided into two groups in terms of curing time: 40 s, 60 s. Then, each group was divided into three subgroups: control (distilled water), home bleaching (15% carbamide peroxide) and office bleaching (40% hydrogen peroxide). Surface microhardness of the samples was determined by using Vickers hardness test both at baseline and after the completion of the tests. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests were used to analyze and compare microhardness changes between groups. Statistical significance was defined at P<0.05.Results: Based on the two-way ANOVA, curing time, bleaching method, and cumulative effect of these two variables significantly affected composite resin microhardness (P<0.001). Tukey HSD tests showed that microhardness had significantly decreased in the bleaching groups, with the highest decrease when the office bleaching method was used (P<0.001). The samples cured for 40 s exhibited lower microhardness than those cured for 60 s and had an increased reduction in microhardness after bleaching (P<0.001).Conclusions: Application of both bleaching methods decreased the surface hardness of microhybrid composite resin. An increase in the curing time was associated with a decrease in adverse effects of bleaching agents on microhardness.

2024

Introduction: The addition of nanoparticles into the restorative materials is the recent trend and innovative procedure for the development of modified restorative materials. Aim: The study aims to evaluate the efficiency of surface roughness after finishing and polishing the tooth surface filled with a modified restorative material. Materials and methods: addition of silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles into commercially available restorative materials like composite, which is the esthetic material of choice for the patients. Statistical analysis: ANOVA test followed by Tukey’s posthoc test for all the samples, and p-value p<0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: The results obtained showed Group I to be having the highest number of grade A enamel surface (70%), while group IV showed the least number of grade A(10%). Group II showed higher grade B(60%), while Group III and IV showed higher grade C and grade D (40%). Discussion: The results of the study showed...

2024, South African Dental Journal

2024, Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials

This study evaluated the effect of two antagonist substrates (Y-TZP/zirconia or stainless steel) on the wear rate and surface alterations of different composite materials and bovine tooth substrates (enamel and dentin). The wear rate of different composite materials (n= 20; two direct composite resins: HelioMolar-HM; Clearfil AP-X-CAP, three indirect composite resins: Estenia C&B-EST; Adoro-ADO; Sinfony-SFY, and one composite resin for direct/indirect restorations: Filtek Z250-Z250), bovine enamel and dentin against two different antagonist materials (zirconia or stainless steel) into two mediums (two-body and three-body wear) were collected. After wear tests on ACTA wear machine, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis was performed to access the surface alterations. The wear data were evaluated by three-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test (α=0.05). The factors 'antagonist', 'medium', 'restorative materials', and the interaction of all factors grouped by two and integrated showed statistical significance on the wear rates. A two-body test depicted no difference among all composites and enamel for wear rate, while a three-body test depicted differences among composites directly related to the filler size content: EST<Z250=CAP<ADO=HM<SFY. Dentin always showed the highest wear rates and enamel the lowest rates. The presence of food bolus (three-body test) led to higher wear rates in comparison to an only aqueous medium (two-body test). SEM analysis showed that different materials present specific wear patterns, regardless of the medium and the antagonist considered. Differently from enamel, dentin substrate was intensively prone to wear, regardless of the antagonist/medium. Resin composite substrates presented intermediate wear rates, depending directly on their filler content (% in weight).

2024, European Journal of Dentistry

Objective This study aimed to investigate the microtensile bond strength (µTBS), microleakage, and antibacterial effect of bulk fill resin composite with alkaline fillers (alkasite) (alkaline fillers such as barium aluminum silicate glass and ytterbium trifluoride) in comparison to incremental nanohybrid resin composite.Materials and Methods µTBS was evaluated by using 30 human mandibular molars. Teeth were randomly divided into three groups (C): nanohybrid resin composite (C0), self-cured alkasite (C1), and dual-cured alkasite (C2). Each group was subdivided into two subgroups according to the bulk thickness: 4 mm (T1) and 6 mm (T2). The occlusal enamel of teeth was removed and the resin composite was applied to a flat dentin surface. Then, teeth were sectioned into beams to be tested under tension. For microleakage testing, mesio-occlusal class II cavities were prepared in 15 molars and divided into three groups as mentioned before. Following this, cavities were restored, thermocy...

2024, Dental Materials

e42 d e n t a l m a t e r i a l s 3 2 S (2 0 1 6) e1-e103 effect of the oxygen on adhesive surface were performed using the X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The samples (n = 3) were analyzed by XPS (Kratos Axis, vacuum of 2 × 10-9 torr). XPS surveys were taken from the surface (depth = 0 nm, (D0)) and sub-surface layers (depth = 20 nm (D20)) and 70 nm (D70) after removing the external surface with Argon etching. The obtained mean data was subjected to 2-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test at 5% significance level. Results: DC results displayed a discrepancy for the groups S and NS. Oxygen-inhibition effect reduced the DC of all of adhesives: PBE (-19.2%), IBU (-22.9%) and SU (−15.4%). XPS survey: Table below displays the carbon and oxygen percentages, which were found at D0, D20 and D70 for all adhesives. All adhesives displayed carbon impurities for C1s peak at 285 eV at D0, but not in the other layers. Conclusions: Oxygen-inhibited layer was different quantitatively and qualitatively depending of the adhesive chemical composition.

2024, Al-Azhar Dental Journal for Girls

Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate bulk fill and nanohybrid resin composite at different cavity depth and after different testing periods. Materials & methods: Standardized simple box class II occluso-mesial (OM) cavities were prepared in the selected first maxillary premolar in each quadrant. The cavity depth was adjusted to be either 2mm or 4mm in each patient. For the bulkfill composite, both the two and four-millimeters cavities, one increment of the resin composite material (Xtra-fil) was packed inside the cavity while for the nanohybrid resin composite (Grandio), the four millimeters cavities were filled incrementally by packing two increments of 2mm thickness while for the two millimeters cavities one increment (2mm) was packed to fill the cavity and light cured for 20 seconds, finished, polished and left for the assigned time. The restored tooth was extracted atraumatically and teeth were sectioned to produce beam-shaped specimens of (1 ± 0.1 mm 2). The beam specimens were attached with cyanoacrylate gel to fit the Instron Universal testing machine. The tensile load was applied at a cross-head speed of 0.5mm/minute until specimen failure occurred. At this point the failure load in Newton was recorded. Results: Cavity depth of 2 mm showed the highest significant mean microtensile bond strength compared with that of 4 mm. Nanohybrid resin composite showed the highest significant mean micro tensile compared with Bulkfill resin composite. The testing period of 24 hours showed highest significant mean microtensile bond strength that one tested after 3 and 6 months. Conclusion: (1) cavity depth has an apparent influence on tensile bond strength of the tested restoratives to dentin. (2) Microtensile bond strength of the tested restorations deteriorates by aging.

2024, STOMATOLOGY EDU JOURNAL

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the surface roughness values of various resin-based composites (RBC) regarding exposure time and immersion in alcoholic and acidic beverages. Methodology: A total of 240 disc-shaped specimens (8 mm x 2 mm) were prepared from two microhybrid, one nanofilled and one nanohybrid RBC. Specimens were divided into two groups, according to the exposure time; 20 or 40 seconds and immersed for 10 min/day during one month in either non-alcoholic (Coca Cola), alcoholic (red wine) beverages, or distilled water (n=10). Surface roughness was measured after 24 hours, one week, and one month. Results were analyzed statistically using parametric and nonparametric test. Results: The roughness values (Ra) measured at 1-month immersion were significantly higher than those measured at 24 hours. There was no statistically significant difference due to exposure time (20 or 40 seconds) (p>0.05). Structure of RBC and presence of alcohol and phosphoric acid in the immersion solutions caused a statistically significant difference among baseline and 1-month immersion intervals (p<0.05). Among all RBCs, lowest Ra was observed in the microhybrid RBC Charisma Classic group. Conclusion: Immersion in both acidic and alcoholic beverages altered the surfaces of all RBCs and generated significant surface roughness changes. All analyzed RBCs showed unacceptable changes in surface roughness.

2024, Brazilian Dental Science

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate wear resistance of two composites resins against alternative alloys. Material and Methods: Fifteen stylus tips samples of composite resin were obtained for each resin Z250 and charisma (CHA). Samples were divided into three groups according to the disk of alloy to be used as antagonist: Nickel-Chromium (Ni-Cr), Cobalt- Chromium (Co-Cr) and commercially pure titanium (cp Ti). Wear tests were performed at a speed of 265 cycles/min and distance of 10mm, in a total of 40,000 cycles. Before and after wear tests, samples were weighed and had their profile designed in an optical comparator to evaluate weight and height loss, respectively. Results: For weight and height loss, wear of Z250 was lower than CHA for Co-Cr antagonist, but greater for cp Ti. CHA presents a more regular surface without cracks and similar aspect for all antagonists. Z250 showed some cracks, mainly against cp Ti and Ni-Cr. Conclusion: Within the results of the p...

2024, International journal of clinical pediatric dentistry

The continuous development of esthetically acceptable adhesive restorative material has made a variety of tooth-colored materials available for clinical use. The advent of visible light polymerizing resin and the use of finer filler particles permit resin composites to be polished to higher degree. The effect of polishing systems on surface finish has been reported to be material-dependent, and the effectiveness of these systems was mostly product-dependent. Hence, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of finishing and polishing systems on the surface roughness of nanofilled, microfilled, and hybrid composite restorative materials available in the market. Yadav RD, Raisingani D, Jindal D, Mathur R. A Comparative Analysis of Different Finishing and Polishing Devices on Nanofilled, Microfilled, and Hybrid Composite: A Scanning Electron Microscopy and Profilometric Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2016;9(3):201-208.

2024, Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences

Aim: This study evaluated the surface topography and bacterial adhesion of a hybrid ceramic and a nano ceramic resin composite after different surface finishes. Methods: Hybrid ceramic (Vita Enamic, VITA - EN) and nano ceramic resin composite (Lava Ultimate, 3M/ESPE - LV) blocks of 12 x 14 x 18 mm were cut into 1 mm slices. Each slice was divided into four specimens (6 x 7 mm) that were randomly allocated into 4 groups (n=8) according to the surface finishing: CTL - without surface finish (control); DB - wear with a diamond bur; VT - polishing system for hybrid ceramic (VITA); and DD - polishing system for ceramics (Dedeco). The specimens were analyzed regarding surface roughness parameters (Ra, Rz, Rq), sterilized and subjected to bacterial adhesion. Representative specimens from each group were observed by SEM and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. Data were submitted to two-way ANOVA and…

2024, Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics

This review aimed to characterize the effect of direct restorative material types and adhesive protocols on marginal adaptation and the bond strength of the interface between the material and the proximal dentin/cementum. An electronic search of 3 databases (the National Library of Medicine [MEDLINE/PubMed], Scopus, and ScienceDirect) was conducted. Studies were included if they evaluated marginal adaptation or bond strength tests for proximal restorations under the cementoenamel junction. Only 16 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this review. These studies presented a high degree of heterogeneity in terms of the materials used and the methodologies and evaluation criteria of each test; therefore, only a descriptive analysis could be conducted. The included studies were individually evaluated for the risk of bias following predetermined criteria. To summarize the results of the included studies, the type of restorative material affected the test results, whereas the use of different adhesive protocols had an insignificant effect on the results. It could be concluded that various categories of resin-based composites could be a suitable choice for clinicians to elevate proximal dentin/cementum margins, rather than the open sandwich technique with resin-modified glass ionomers. Despite challenges in bonding to proximal dentin/cementum margins, different adhesive protocols provided comparable outcomes.

2024, Dental Materials

e10 d e n t a l m a t e r i a l s 3 4 ( S 1 ) ( 2 0 1 8 ) e1-e141 experimental study. The AC concentration released was determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometry with a wavelength of 278 nm, at 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 36 days storage. The discs were weighed again at the 36th day. Results: Generalized linear models were applied to show that the discs mass was lower at the 36th day (p < 0.0001), and when AC was not incorporated (p = 0.0041). AC release was higher at 3 and 7 days, compared with the group without AC, but was lower at the 36th day for both groups (p = 0.0162). The t-student tests showed that the cumulative AC concentration released was higher for the adhesive incorporated with AC (p = 0.0116) at the 7th day, but no differences between the groups were observed at other time points (p > 0.05). The tstudent test showed no differences in degree of conversion between adhesives incorporated or left unincorporated with AC (p = 0.2242). The pH of the adhesive system primer was 3.74, but rose to 4.28 in the AC-incorporated group. Conclusions: The three-step total-etch adhesive system released the AC extract over time, with a higher release at the 3rd and 7th days. The AC release was accompanied by material mass loss. The incorporation of AC into the adhesive system did not affect the degree of conversion, but did increase the pH of the adhesive system primer. Grants: Fapesp 2017/08082-7.