COMPACT MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025, Progress In Electromagnetics Research C

In this paper, a miniaturized triple-band gap multi-via electromagnetic band gap (TBMV-EBG) structure is proposed. Lumped LC modelling method is used for the analysis of the proposed TBMV-EBG structure. Triple band gaps in both x and y-directions are obtained since TBMV-EBG unit cell consists of three resonance parallel LC circuits. Ansys (HFSS) simulation is used in eigen mode to simulate a unit cell of the proposed EBG. There is a strong agreement between simulated and experimental results. Comparing the proposed TBMV-EBG with triple band slotted EBG, triple band CSRR-EBG, fractal EBG, and dual band split EBG, size reductions of 6.52%, 7.53%, 23.21%, and 25.86% are obtained respectively which is validated by simulated and experimental results. Demonstration of the proposed TBMV-EBG structure for ultra-wideband (UWB) application is also presented. Simulation and measurement results prove that by using a single TBMV-EBG cell at the feed line of a UWB monopole antenna triple band-notches can be obtained. Moreover, switching characteristics of the proposed antenna are also demonstrated using single P-I-N diode. Depending on the ON and OFF switching status of P-I-N diode, the UWB antenna provides switching from triple band-notches to dual band-notches, respectively. The proposed switchable monopole UWB antenna as a single unit can be useful in applications wherein switching between multi-bands is desirable without changing the geometry of the structure.

2025

Background and Objectives: Printed monopole antenna has an omnidirectional radiation pattern but a narrow impedance bandwidth. To achieve multiband behavior, modification of the antenna shape is necessary. There is no systematic approach for the shape modification and commonly it is done by parametric studies, adjusting, tuning or optimization of an initial shape. Methods: The method for designing a multiband antenna is based on transmission line theory and lumped element model. It applies to all desired multiband operations without needing tuning or optimizing a complex configuration. Every length and dimension are computed from the mathematical formula or Smith chart as a graphical tool. The proposed matching method in the design of a multiband and reconfigurable CPW-fed monopole antenna employed. Both series and parallel impedance matching stubs are investigated and compared with each other. Results: To explain the challenges, the proposed method was applied to a desired antenna. It showed that using matching stubs in the CPW line can design a multiband and reconfigurable antenna. Also, the measurements have been done and compared with the simulations and show a good agreement. Conclusion: Compared to the microstrip line, the CPW feeding of the monopole antenna has the advantage that both parallel and series stubs can be implemented for the matching of the antenna. In this case, the required space for these stubs placed inside the antenna and no extra space needed. So, the printed size of the proposed antenna does not change. The impedance matching method for the integrated stubs with the antenna has been proposed. The high-pass and low-pass properties of each matching network were considered. The authors showed that this method can successfully design multiband, reconfigurable CPW-fed monopole antennas.

2025

In this paper single layer ,single feed compact rectangular microstrip antenna is proposed. The proposed antenna is suitable for various applications such as UMTS, WLAN, WiMaxRADAR, is presented in this paper. The measurement results show that the proposed antenna, achieved a 61.68 %, bandwidth. The design and simulation of the proposed antenna is carried out using IE3D software. The property of antenna such as bandwidth, compared between a proposed H-shaped microstrip antenna and reference MSA [1].An extensive analysis of the return loss, Radiation pattern, gain, VSWR of the proposed antenna is also presented.

2025, IUBAT Review

In this paper a rectangular microstrip patch antenna (RMPA) has been designed with coaxial feeding for 5.9GHz resonant frequency. This frequency spectrum is known as Wave Access in Vehicular Environment (WAVE) or IEEE 802.11p. Performance of the RMPA has been analysed by the simulation tool CST Microwave Studio v.2012. Several performance parameters such as return loss, bandwidth, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), directivity, gain and radiation efficiency have been obtained by simulation. This antenna has shown desirable results after a few optimization of design specifications. Designed RMPA resonates at 5.93 GHz and bandwidth has been found as 0.1417 GHz which has fractional bandwidth of 2.39% and that covers IEEE 802.11p band. Directivity and gain obtained at resonant frequency are 5.52 dBi and-0.174 dB respectively. The proposed RMPA radiation efficiency was found as 26.93% and VSWR as 1.05. As an overall evaluation, this antenna's performance was found to beat a satisfactory level.

2024

OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work of Toulouse researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible. This is an author-deposited version published in: http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/ Eprints ID : 19502 To cite this version : Abstract Current solar Heat Transfer Fluids (HTF) only work below 600 • C. We proposed to use air-fluidized Dense Particle Suspensions (DPS), also called Upflow Bubbling Fluidized Bed (UBFB), in tubes as a new HTF and storage medium in the frame of the so-called CSP2 FP7 European project. UBFB can operate up to the solid sintering temperature (1400 • C for SiC particles), thus improving the plant efficiency and cost of produced kWh. The DPS capacity to extract heat from a tube absorber exposed to concentrated solar radiation was demonstrated and the first values of the tube wall-to-DPS heat transfer coefficient were measured. A stable outlet temperature of 750 • C was reached with a metallic tube, and a particle reflux in t...

2024, HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)

OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work of Toulouse researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible.

2024, Journal of Computational Electronics

This paper presents the design and the analysis of a conformal fractal tree reconfigurable antenna having adaptive multi beam radiation patterns and adaptive operation frequency characteristics. The proposed antenna covers some service bands such as: WiMAX (2.400-2.483) GHz, m-WiMAX (3.4-3.6) GHz and WLAN (5.15-5.825) GHz and operates some other frequencies between 2 and 10 GHz. The designed antenna is by using PIN diode switches. For biasing the diodes on the antenna characteristics is presented in the results.

2024, Journal of Applied Membrane Science & Technology

The aim of this paper is to cover on the feasibility of using algae as an alternative to capture CO2. As such, comparison between a membrane diffuser and a bubble diffuser in terms of its performance in the cultivation of algae has been made. This work utilized PVDF flat sheet membrane with only air and pure CO2 as the feed gas and the diffusion method used was compared between membrane diffuser and a bubble diffuser. In the experiment, the feed gas flows through the membrane diffuser in which the algae suspension utilized the CO2 for its growth. The biomass contents of four different samples have been determined using the dry weight of the algae suspension samples, which is obtained by drying the samples in an oven overnight at 105˚C. The algae suspension with the membrane diffuser was able to remove CO2 feasibly while showing better performance with respect to algae cultivation in comparison to the bubble diffuser. Results showed the maximum average biomass content of the samples ...

2024

Fermenter is a vessel that maintains optimum environment for the development of significant microorganism used in large scale fermentation process and the commercial production of products like Alcoholic beverages, Enzymes, Antibiotics, Organic acids etc. The fermenter aims to produce biological product like vaccines and hormones, it is necessary to monitor and control the different parameters like external and internal mass transfer, heat transfer, fluid velocity, shear stress, agitation speed, aeration rate, cooling rate or heating intensity, and the feeding rate, nutrients, base or acid valve. Fermentation in the fermenter are accomplished in several configuration and these simple configurations are batch, fed-batch and continuous fermentation process. Fermentation process is carried out in small or large size fermenter depending on product quantity. The selection of the suitable process depends on the fermentation kinetics, type of microorganism used and process economic aspects...

2024

In this paper a comb like microstrip patch antenna structure is proposed. This antenna has a total size of 100mm x 30mm x 1.6mm including ground plane which is fabricated using Fr-4 substrate with dielectric constant of 4.6. This is a hexa-band antenna structure as it has six operating frequency centred at 3 GHz, 4.3 GHz, 5.2 GHz, 8 GHz, 8.15 GHz, 8.5 GHz. Antenna parameters like return loss, directivity are shown in this paper. The designed antenna results are obtained using CST (Computer Simulation Technology) software. The aim of this antenna design is to achieve multiband applications and this antenna fulfil the requirement as it’s applications lies in three different frequency bands i.e. S band , C band and X band. This antenna is suitable for various wireless applications like radar, communication satellites. Index Terms – Multiband antenna, hexa-band antenna, CST, comb like structure.

2024, Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications

A triple band-notched monopole antenna with reconfigurable characteristics is designed and investigated in this study for implementation in ultra-wideband (UWB) systems. A conventional rectangular monopole antenna is intended first to accomplish UWB performance characteristics. Further, to obtain triple notched characteristics, three U-shaped slots are etched on the rectangular radiating surface of the antenna. A wide frequency bandwidth ranging from 2.13 GHz to 10.50 GHz with three notched bands operating at 2.65 GHz (2.49-2.82 GHz), 3.43 GHz (3.18-3.68 GHz), and 4.08 GHz (3.93-4.22 GHz) have been successfully realized. By integrating three PIN diode switches, total eight reconfigurable states of operations have been realized in the UWB spectrum. A thorough analytical investigation along with the comparison of simulated and measured performances for the proposed antenna has been presented to manifest the applicability in practical systems. The antenna structure can be successfully implemented for rejecting interferences from dual WiMAX bands along with C-band fixed satellite communication systems, respectively.

2024, International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering

In this article, a planar monopole penta-notched ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna is designed and investigated. Three notches (2.81 GHz radar surveillance, 3.38 GHz WiMAX, and 3.87 GHz C-band satellite downlink) have been realized by integrating three modified U-shaped slots on the radiating surface. Furthermore, to create two additional notches (2.33 GHz ISM band and 5.75 GHz WLAN), two meander line electromagnetic bandgap (EBG); one located near to the feed line and another on the radiating surface, have been introduced in the design. These unit cells play a fundamental role in generating notches at higher as well as lower frequencies. The proposed antenna possesses an overall size of 34.9 × 31.3 × 1.6 mm 3 and has been designed over FR4 substrate. A 50 Ω microstrip line is used to feed the antenna. The antenna without any extra arrangement exhibits an impedance bandwidth of 7.6 GHz. A parametric analysis is studied in detail to observe the band rejection characteristics. The ANSYS HFSS simulation software is used for simulating the proposed design structures. For validation purpose, a prototype is fabricated and characterized. A very good agreement is achieved between simulated and measured results.

2024, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters

In this paper the log-periodic square fractal geometry is presented for the design of a miniaturized patch antenna for the UWB services (3.1-10.6 GHz). A miniaturization factor of 23 percent is achieved with a constant and stable gain in the desired band. The radiation pattern is broadside, which finds suitable applications in the UWB radars and medical imaging. Furthermore, the time-domain performance of the proposed antenna is investigated. A prototype model of the proposed antenna is fabricated and measured as a proof of concept.

2024, Aeu-international Journal of Electronics and Communications

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

2024

This paper presents the enhance in bandwidth of a Microstrip patch Antenna using an irregular polygon (M shape)and using U slots technique for enhancing bandwidth for broadband and fed by Microstrip line using coaxial probe. The main aim of proposed work is to obtain a Hues bandwidth and the size of antenna is reduced. The proposed microstrip antenna has a wide bandwidth, the range from3.30-6.85 GHz. The wide bandwidth achieved 71% and the VSWR is less than 2.The other parameters are as our research requirements antenna simulated on the Zeeland IE3D software. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 09-05-2019 Date of acceptance: 25-05-2019 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2024, Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering

The hollow fiber membrane bioreactor (HFMB) has been investigated for the cultivation of mammalian Chinese hamster ovary cell expansion. The experiments were carried out in Petri's dishes and in the hollow fiber membrane bioreactor having 20 fibers (S2025 from FiberCell Systems). The approach to HFMB modelling which combines the model of cell growth kinetics and hydrodynamics has been proposed. The hydrodynamic model is made using ANSYS Fluent software. The mathematical model of HFMB was developed, allowing the study of the hydrodynamics into the lumen and the extracapillary spaces, the filtration through the membrane fiber with the cell expansion on outer membrane surface. The direct nutrient medium flow variant into the extracapillary space was suggested. Based on the numerical simulations, the optimal parameters were selected for daily changes in the medium flow-rate into the lumen space. The HFMB scaling up was performed for the larger size HFMB (60 fibers). Keywords CFD modelling • Hollow fiber membrane bioreactor • Mammalian cells • CHO • Cultivation Abbreviations G Acceleration of gravity, m/s 2 I Mass flow depending on cell consumption of nutrient medium and metabolites flow per one cell, kg/m s J Mass flow passed through membrane, kg/m s 2 K Population capacity (parameter for the limitation of the number of cells in population) L Membrane thickness, m n Number of pores on membrane surface, 1/m 2 N Count of cells at timepoint t, cell P Pressure, Pa Q Medium flow-rate into the lumen space in mode 3 q c Consumption of nutrient medium for one cell, m 3 /s q met Consumption of metabolites released by one cell, m 3 /s r por Pore radius, m S Membrane surface area, m 2 t Time, s v Medium velocity along the axes, m/s Greek symbols α Membrane permeability coefficient, m 2 δ Relative calculation error, % μ Dynamic viscosity, Pa s µ cell Cell-specific growth rate, days −1 ρ Medium density, kg/m 3 φ Pore tortuosity Subscripts 1 Lumen space 2 Extracapillar space cal Data from calculation results exp Data from experiment in Input m Membrane out Output x, y, z Coordinates on axes, m w Wall

2024, Materials, methods & technologies

The objective of this work was to study and numerically evaluate the effect of various operation conditions like location of immersed membrane module and aeration design on the hydrodynamics in a pilot scale bubble column with a membrane module. The effects of the membrane module orientation can be more clearly demonstrated by comparing the gas holdup at different cross-sections along the column height and analyzing the shear stress distribution on the membrane surface by CFD. However, the simulation of the flow behavior surrounding the membranes requires high mesh resolutions and hence a large number of elements. The numerical simulation was done with Ansys CFX, using the k-ɛ model with scalable wall function for turbulence, high resolution advection scheme and second order backward Euler transient scheme for solving the Navier-Stokes equations. The influence of the flow on sludge accumulation is estimated by shear strain rate of the phases. A CFD model was developed which accounts...

2024, International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications

Patch antennas are modern elements of today's world communication technology. They appear to have unique characteristics and features with their unique power with handling capabilities and lighted structure. This paper focuses on superstrate configuration of patch antenna with defected ground plane and Pi Slotted radiating patch. The three different cases were taken in terms of wavelength distance to observe the performance characteristics of patch structure. The antenna designed in this study can be used for S and C band applications.

2024, International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications

2024, INMATEH Agricultural Engineering

In the production of biological preparations for agriculture there are promising jet bioreactors with an external circulation ring, providing intense mixing of the medium along with a high degree of aeration. However, application of these bioreactors is limited by large shear loads on the microorganisms (microorganism cells) arising in the circulation pump. The article deals with one of the ways for solving this problem by using a low-capacity pump for the circulation of the fermentation medium according to a non-standard scheme of medium jet aeration in order to intensify the mass exchange processes. There are presented results of physical simulation of the mixing parameters of flows in an aerator-jet mixer and their impact upon the intensity of metabolic processes in the circulation ring of a bioreactor.

2024, DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT

Experiments of microfiltration enhanced with air dispersion were carried out through a submerged flat sheet membrane using commercial yeast suspension. In the experiments, the effect of hydrodynamic parameters like liquid flow velocity, air flow rate and aerator size were examined on flux control of fouling for different feed concentrations at constant transmembrane pressure. The classical heat and mass transfer analogy was applied to get an insight into the mechanism of fouling control in single and two-phase flow systems. The experimental results show that: (a) air dispersion reduced the particle fouling on membrane surface thus causing permeate flux enhancement for any value of air flow rate and for any feed concentration. A maximum flux enhancement factor of 270% was achieved for feed concentration of 25 g/L whereas as it was 60% for feed concentration of 1 g/L at an optimum air flow rate of 64 L/min. (b) Convective back transport of solids from membrane surface due to shear forces generated during two-phase flow was found to the be most significant phenomena of fouling control in submerged flat sheet microfiltration membranes. (c) The classical heat and mass transfer analogy successfully provided the explanation of phenomena of convective back transport of solids due to gas-liquid two-phase flow.

2023, International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications in Engineering

In this study ultra-high frequency slot antenna's operating frequency is estimated by using adapted k-nearest neighbor (kNN) algorithm. kNN doesn't use the training data points to do any generalization and it can be usually used for many classification. However, kNN can be adapted to estimate slot antenna's operating frequency by assessing the best k-nearest value. To find the optimal k for operating frequency estimation, 96 slot antennas with seven antenna parameters are simulated with respect to the operating frequency by using a computational electromagnetic software. Antenna parameters includes the patch dimensions, height and relative permittivity of the substrate. The simulated 81 antennas are used to construct feature data pool and the residual 15 antennas are used to test kNN algorithm. The performance of the kNN is evaluated by comparing the output of operating frequency to the simulated one. Then the proposed model is corroborated with simulated antennas and validating with prototyped antenna data. The results shows that the kNN based model simply and fast computes the operating frequency of the slot antennas much close to real one without performing any simulations or measurement.

2023, Progress In Electromagnetics Research C

In this paper, a UWB monopole antenna with triple band-notch characteristics using single TBMV-EBG (Triple band multi-via electromagnetic bandgap) unit cell is proposed and demonstrated. The antenna with a fork-type radiating patch with TBMV-EBG is simulated using Ansys HFSS. Measurement results show triple band-notches at 3.39, 5.78, and 8.60 GHz, respectively, which are in good agreement with simulation results. The proposed antenna has bi-directional pattern in E-plane and omnidirectional pattern in H-plane. Moreover, tunable characteristics of the proposed antenna using a single varactor diode are also presented. By changing the capacitance of varactor, the bandnotched antenna is effectively tuned from 2.69-3.46, 5.71-7.84, and 8.40-8.50 GHz. The same antenna structure can be operated at different band notching modes depending upon the varactor's capacitance. Therefore, the proposed UWB antenna will prove to be a promising candidate wherein multi-band rejections using single TBMV-EBG unit cell and tunability using one varactor diode are desirable.

2023, Progress In Electromagnetics Research C

In this paper, a miniaturized triple-band gap multi-via electromagnetic band gap (TBMV-EBG) structure is proposed. Lumped LC modelling method is used for the analysis of the proposed TBMV-EBG structure. Triple band gaps in both x and y-directions are obtained since TBMV-EBG unit cell consists of three resonance parallel LC circuits. Ansys (HFSS) simulation is used in eigen mode to simulate a unit cell of the proposed EBG. There is a strong agreement between simulated and experimental results. Comparing the proposed TBMV-EBG with triple band slotted EBG, triple band CSRR-EBG, fractal EBG, and dual band split EBG, size reductions of 6.52%, 7.53%, 23.21%, and 25.86% are obtained respectively which is validated by simulated and experimental results. Demonstration of the proposed TBMV-EBG structure for ultra-wideband (UWB) application is also presented. Simulation and measurement results prove that by using a single TBMV-EBG cell at the feed line of a UWB monopole antenna triple band-notches can be obtained. Moreover, switching characteristics of the proposed antenna are also demonstrated using single P-IN diode. Depending on the ON and OFF switching status of P-IN diode, the UWB antenna provides switching from triple band-notches to dual band-notches, respectively. The proposed switchable monopole UWB antenna as a single unit can be useful in applications wherein switching between multi-bands is desirable without changing the geometry of the structure.

2023, Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

A new design of filtenna with electronically reconfigurable band notch for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications is presented. The filtenna is designed based on modified monopole antenna integrated with resonant structure. To produce wider bandwidth with better return loss and higher frequency skirt selectivity, the monopole antenna is modified using microstrip transition in the feedline and block with a triangular-shape slot on each side of the circular patch. The resonant structure is about U-shaped slot defected on the feedline to achieve band notch characteristic. The position of the created band notch is controlled by optimizing the length of the U-shaped slot. By using a PIN diode switch inserted in the U-shaped slot to achieve reconfigurability feature. The experimental results show that the proposed design exhibits a wide bandwidth ranging from 3.0 to 14.0 GHz with reconfigurable band notch at 5.5 GHz (WLAN), and omnidirectional radiation pattern. Therefore, the proposed design is a good candidate for modern UWB applications.

2023, Progress In Electromagnetics Research M

In this work, a new design of small microstrip antenna with variable band-notched filtering characteristic for super ultra-wideband (UWB) applications including 5G/IoT networks is presented. In the proposed structure by creating steps with optimized appropriate sizes and angles in the lower edges of the quasi-square patch antenna and by a new technique of modifying the ground plane, more efficient radiation patterns and characteristic impedance are achieved. Moreover, the omnidirectional low cross-polarized H-plane radiation patterns are obtained in frequency band of 3-11 GHz. Also, its radiation patterns are improved between 11 and 14.5 GHz and have better performance especially with tuning capacitors between 14.5 and 20 GHz. In addition, its frequency bandwidth with VSWR < 2 is from 3 GHz to 50 GHz which covers 5G networks and both ultra-wideband (UWB) and super wideband (SWB) communications. A rectangular slot on the patch is used to create an integrated band-notch filter in the structure to avoid interference with other wireless systems like wireless local area networks (WLANs), and this specification can be activated or deactivated by a PIN diode. In addition, the center frequency of the filter can be tuned by just a varactor diode or a variable capacitor and/or by changing the position of the capacitors in frequency range of about 3.5-6 GHz, which rejects interference of all WLANs and even their lower and upper bands, and nulls in the radiation patterns can be changed especially in upper bands as well. The final structure simulation results are in good agreement with measurement ones.

2023, International journal of engineering and advanced technology

In this article we presented a creative design of the frequency reconfigurable micro strip patch antenna that is used for WLAN applications. Use PIN diode in the designed Uslot micro strip patch antenna and acting as a switch. The PIN diode was mounted on U-slot and when a particular frequency band is worked. The suggested work on the simulation is performed in HFSS. The simulation test shows strong effects on the reconfigurable frequency of the WLAN / WiMaX / ISM program.

2023

The analysis and design of S-band patch feed array of slot antenna for Broadband application is proposed. The array of slot antenna is able to operate at 3.5 GHz and thus the antenna becomes a necessity for many applications in recent wireless communications such as Radar, Microwave and Space Communication. The array of slot antenna offers an increased Bandwidth as compared to single slot antenna. The array of slot antenna is designed using IE3D software. The return losses are observed by the radiation pattern. The analysis of antenna parameters such as VSWR, directivity, radiation pattern (3D), return loss, gain and relation between them are performed using IE3D software.

2023, IEEE Access

In this paper, a novel digitally reconfigurable unit-cell and 4 × 4 transmitarray operating at X-band is proposed that allows the implementation of beamforming and polarization conversion operations in a programmable way. The lower layer of transmitarray responsible for beam steering consists of two PIN diodes and a circular type patch which has two states of operations with 0 and π phase responses which we name ''State1'' and ''State2''. ''State1'' and ''State2'' can be represented by a digital notation as ''1'' and ''0'' elements. Similarly, the upper layer of the transmitarray responsible for polarization conversion operation consists of two states of operation which we name as ''State3'' and ''State4'', respectively. ''State3'' and ''State4'' also can be represented by digital notations as ''1'' or ''0'' elements. By coding ''0'' and ''1'' elements for the lower side of the transmitarray in a 1-bit sequence, we can steer the beam in our desired direction. Similarly, by coding ''0'' and ''1'' elements in a 1-bit sequence element for the upper layer, we can get X-polarized and Y-polarized beams. Combining the upper layer 1-bit sequence and lower layer 1-bit sequence, we can get both polarization conversion and beam steering simultaneously. A 4 × 4 array with our proposed unit cell was designed and fabricated. A good agreement between simulated and measured results was observed. The proposed design is a promising concept because it can be fabricated using the conventional fabrication process, it is cost-effective compared to conventional phased array antenna for satellite and radar applications. A 4×4 array was taken just to check the transmission and reflection coefficients of the proposed unit cells. A very small transmitarray was manufactured and experimentally characterized just as a proof of concept, to verify that the unit cells work properly.

2023, Microwave and Optical Technology Letters

A new design of ultra-wideband (UWB) reconfigurable pulse transmitter (PT) based on active integrated antenna (AIA) structure is introduced in this article. The presented reconfigurable AIA consists of a reconfigurable sub-nanosecond pulse generator (PG) which is integrated with a monopole circular disk antenna. The proposed design utilizes only a single step-recovery diode (SRD) and just a single positive-intrinsic-negative (PIN) diode in order to generate subnanosecond switchable second/third order derivatives of Gaussian pulse. The performance of the designed PT system is investigated in both frequency domain and time domain. Low ringing level, high signal fidelity, and virtually steady group delay is achieved in the frequency band of operation. The simplicity, low cost, and good performance of the presented PT makes it a good candidate for UWB transmission with pulse shape modulation (PSM).

2023, AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications

The compact design of a microstrip feed pentagonal shaped slot antenna with electromagnetically coupled pentagon parasitic patch is proposed in this paper for bandwidth enhancement. An aligned selfsimilarity pentagonal shaped structures, for slot and parasitic patch, at its vertex are used to broaden the bandwidth. The proposed antenna gives a wide bandwidth of 4.17 GHz (3.281-7.45 GHz), which corresponds to FRB 77.72%. The rotational behaviour of slot antenna illustrates good impedance matching over the wide bandwidth. Over the entire operating bandwidth, the antenna gain remains constant about 4.24 dBi and group delay is less than 0.5 ns. The simulated and measured results show its use in wireless applications.

2023

The square ring shape becomes a famous reconfiguration on antenna design. The researchers have been developed the square ring by different configurations. It has high efficiency and simple calculation method. The performance enhancement for an antenna is the main reason to use this setting. Furthermore, the multi-objectives for the antenna also are considered. In this paper, different studies of square ring shape are discussed. This shape is developed in five different techniques, which are the gain enhancement, dual band antenna, reconfigurable antenna, CSRR, and circularly polarization. Moreover, the validation between these configurations also demonstrates for square ring shapes. In particular, the square ring slot improved the gain by 4.3 dB, provide dual band resonance at 1.4 and 2.6 GHz while circular polarization at 1.54 GHz, and multi-mode antenna. However, square ring strip achieved an excellent band rejection on UWB antenna at 5.5 GHz. The square ring slot length is the most influential factor on the antenna performance, which refers to the free space wavelength. Finally, comparisons between these techniques are presented.

2023

This letter presents the design of circularly polarized patch antenna for 2.4 GHz applications. Parasitic patch within the circular slot located on the first quadrant induced the circularly polarized radiation. Symmetric slits are introduced along the four sides of the radiator to enhance the magnitude of axial ratio. The antenna occupies an overall volume of 50 x 50 x 1.6 mm and achieves a 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 37.1MHz with 10-dB impedance bandwidth of 102.5 MHz. The prototype antenna is fabricated and the simulated results are verified using measurement results.

2023, IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering

In this paper, a compact two inverted L-shape slotted rectangular microstrip monopole patch antenna is presented. The proposed antenna comprises a planar rectangular patch element with slotted Lshaped rectangular slots which offer quad band. The impedance bandwidth can be tuned by changing the ground plane geometry parameters (length and/or its width). The overall size of the antenna is 47mm×48mm×0.8mm including finite ground feeding mechanism. The antenna operates in four bands which are 0.93-0.98GHz, 2.18-2.27GHz, 3.29-3.42GHz, and 4.85-4.94 GHz. Stable Omni-directional radiation patterns in the desired frequency band have been obtained. The proposed geometry was practically realized and tested its parameters. Measured data fairly agree with the simulated results.

2023

Microstrip patch antenna are becoming very popular day by day because of its ease of analysis and fabrication, low cost, light weight, easy to feed and their attractive radiation characteristics. This paper presents the comparison for Performance of Rectangular Microstrip patch Antenna with different shape. Rectangular Microstrip patch antenna was fabricated on FR-4 board with a substrate thickness of 1.6 mm to 3.5mm and dielectric constant εr = 2.7 to 5.0 with different frequency band. The patch antenna is being designed for radio and satellite applications and thus resonates in C-band and X-band. In this paper we compare Return loss, Gain, bandwidth percentage, VSWR and radiation pattern for different shape Rectangular Microstrip patch antenna.

2023

In this article an innovative design of textile antenna using jeans substrate is presented and studied, which can cover the frequency range from 2.11GHz– 5.01GHz. The antenna was successfully developed by using CST microwave studio. The proposed textile antenna has wide impedance bandwidth of about 81.46% which is best suitable for blue tooth / WLAN application. In this article the parametric study such as radiation pattern, return loss and smith chart has been presented.

2023, Indian Journal of Science and Technology

Objectives: To simulate a unique design with T slotted with two different feeding methods. Method: In this paper we use IE3D software in which we select mgrid with basic parameters 0.025 mgrid size and FR4 substrate 4.4 having thickness 1.6 mm and loss tangent 0.001. Then select a rectangular patch from entity with 10 mm length and 10 mm width and cut 3-T slots alternately. After complete our design we fed it 50 ohm to with 10 mm feeding for transmission line feed and (0, 3.5) its x and y value for probe feed and then operate it at different frequencies. Findings: The simulated results fetched at the frequency of 0-4, 8-16 GHz for TL feed and PB feed individually. The RL of TL feeding is-20.696 dB resonant at 1.32492 GHz and-28.27 dB for PB feeding resonant at 13.33 GHz. After comparing the outcomes for both feeding techniques, we conclude that the result of antenna in transmission line feed is more negative than probe feeding as shown in Table 1. The BW of desired antenna is 44.6% for TL feed and 9.8% for PB feed which is appropriate for wideband. As the notch frequency falls in SHF range so the antenna is right for many commercial as well as for typical services like WLAN, Satellite links. Application: This antenna is useful in WLAN, satellite links etc

2023, Progress In Electromagnetics Research C

Due to suppressing the interference from WLAN (2.4-2.484 GHz), WiMAX (3.3-3.7 GHz), INST (4.5-4.8 GHz), X-band (7.25-7.75 GHz), and ITU band (8.01-8.5 GHz) signals in ultra-wideband (UWB) communication systems, a novel UWB antenna with five notch bands is proposed. Based on the methodologies of loading parasitic stubs and etching slots, the antenna is designed with five band rejection elements: a curved stub, a split square ring-shaped slot and a pair of vertical slots introduced in the patch, two C-shaped stubs symmetrically set near the feed line, and a pair of L-shaped slots etched on the ground plane. The test results show that the antenna operating from 1.95 to 10.73 GHz is capable of rejecting the frequency bands around 2.4 GHz, 3.5 GHz, 4.6 GHz, 7.5 GHz, and 8.4 GHz. Meanwhile, in passbands the antenna has approximate omnidirectional radiation patterns and a peak gain higher than 1.7 dBi. The proposed antenna with dimensions of 31 × 35 × 1.5 mm 3 is simple in structure and meets the requirements of UWB systems applications.

2023

The increased use of antibodies for human therapy has driven rational approaches to accelerate bioprocess development in producing cost effective and highly productive antibodies. The potential of microwell based systems and miniature bioreactors (MBR) to mimic the scalability and operations of conventional bench reactors are seen as an alternative. This study has investigated the microtitre plate (MTP), microMatrix and MBR (HEL-BioXplore) as scale-down mimic for rapid and accurate reproduction of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell growth and product yields in bench scale stirred tank reactors. A microtitre plate with sandwich lid CR1524a (for slow growing animal cells) was found to be suitable for CHO cell cultivation. An evaluation of feeding approaches in MTP showed that bolus addition resulted in 9.19 x 106 cell mL-1 and 38 % higher IgG titres compared to addition of FeedBeads. In order to enable scale translation, the engineering parameters for the MBR were characterised with reg...

2023, AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications

In this paper, a technique of adding small fractal elements to the polygon shape radiator of a CPW-fed monopole antenna for bandwidth enhancement is proposed and experimentally studied. Based on the multi-resonance effect of the fractal elements, three closely spaced resonant frequencies are produced over the antenna bandwidth which leads to coverage of the standard UWB bandwidth (3.1-10.6 GHz). Effects of increasing the number of the polygon sides on S 11 and radiation patterns are also investigated. Finally, three prototypes of the proposed antenna are fabricated and measured in order to verify the simulation results.

2023, Progress In Electromagnetics Research C

A compact Ultra Wideband (UWB) antenna with Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) and Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) with dual-band notched characteristics is presented in this article. The antenna design parameters have been optimized by the High Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS) and CST Microwave Studio to be in contact with biological breast tissues over 3-13 GHz frequency range with dual band-notched characteristics. The proposed antenna is a polygon printed on a low dielectric FR4 substrate fed by a 50-Ω feed line and a partial ground plane in other side. The results exhibit that the proposed antenna shows a wide bandwidth covering from 3 GHz to at least 13 GHz with VSWR < 2 and observing band elimination of WiMAX and WLAN bands. The proposed UWB antenna has omnidirectional radiation patterns with a gain variation of 0.5 dBi to 5.2 dBi and low distortion group delay less than 1 ns over the operating frequency range. The simulation and measurement results show a good agreement. And good ultra-wideband linear transmission performance has been achieved in time domain with a compact dimension of 28 × 20 mm 2 .

2023, International Journal of Engineering & Technology

Microstrip antennas that can operate in single and multiple frequency bands are required in various wireless communication devices. A single patch, square shaped microstrip patch antenna having high directivity and gain is proposed in this paper. The geometry of proposed antenna is optimized using Genetic Algorithm (GA) to operate in X-Band for wideband applications. The proposed antenna design exhibits a wide operating bandwidth 550 MHz (simulated) and 450 MHz (measured), high gain and directivity of about 8.35 dB (simulated) making it suitable for wideband applications. The proposed antenna design works in X-band which has weatherproof characteristics and supports easy communication of voice, data, images and HD videos. The attractiveness of the GA design over the traditional design methods is its ability to achieve the desired performance by using a simple design of single patch antenna.

2023

In this paper, multiband microstrip patch antenna using square and Psi shaped Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structures have been compared and analysed.Arranging the EBG structures in various designs provides multiple frequencies suitable for wide range of applications.The aim of this paper is to compare the results obtained by using different number of EBG structures and to study the performance of antenna in terms of frequency and VSWR.Therefore single antenna which supports multiple frequencies is obtained.The simulated results shows that the designed antennas gives best performance by analysing the VSWR values which is very close to the ideal value, 1.

2023

The aim of this paper is to design an antenna suitable for wireless applications. A small, low cost fractal antenna is designed, fabricated on a FR-4 substrate of size 28 mm x 28 mm and tested for this purpose in the laboratory using the N5230 A Agilent network analyzer. The simulation results show that the bandwidth achieved is 7.1 GHz. The experimental result of the fabricated antenna is also presented.

2023, Advanced Electromagnetics

This article presents a basic ultra-wideband circular microstrip antenna (UWB-CMSA) with partial ground resonating from 2.38 GHz to 12 GHz for handheld devices. The designed antenna covers bands for Bluetooth (2.4 GHz), LTE (2.5/2.69 GHz), WLAN (2.4/3.5/5 GHz), and WiMAX (2.5/3.5/5.5) GHz applications. Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) values of certain bands exceed a limit for UWB-CMSA. The uniplanar spiral unit cell is designed and exhibits phase reversal for 2.4 GHz, 3.5 GHz, and 5.5 GHz. EBG unit cells are placed near the feed for surface wave minimization so as to achieve a reduction in SAR. Furthermore, the EBG structure is placed on the ground plane to analyze the impact, also designs are fabricated and results are compared. Mushroom type M-shaped unit cell is designed which offers phase reversal at 2.3 GHz which is placed near feed in a similar fashion to the earlier spiral one to suppress surface waves also the structure is investigated by arranging it on the ground plane. It ...

2023, Progress In Electromagnetics Research M

This work discusses the effect of reconfigurability on a Sierpinski-carpet fractal microstrip patch antenna. The implementation of reconfigurability is achieved by modeling a PIN diode as a lumped RC element on HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) simulation tool. The proposed antenna design is also fabricated and tested. It is highly miniaturized having a dimension of 9.5 mm × 7.4 mm and a significantly high impedance bandwidth which is desirable for most wireless communication applications. The resultant Fractal Reconfigurable Antenna (FRA) exhibits good performance parameters having frequency reconfigurability rendering it useful for Ku/K/Ka band applications.

2023, AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications

In this paper, the slot loaded microstrip antenna has been developed with Sierpinski gasket technique. The proposed Modified Square Sierpinski Gasket (MSSG) fractal antenna involves a square patch utilizing Sierpinski gasket (triangular) structure. Four triangular slots are loaded at each iteration. The structure is then simulated using commercially available Ansoft HFSS simulator. The multi-band operation has been achieved by the proposed antenna at 15.915

2023

This paper reviews the annular-ring microstrip antennas, as proposed in the literature. Aiming to offer useful design insights about frequency performances, typical design parameters and constraints, technology, implementation and measurement, this study covers the annular-ring architectures reported so far in the scientific literature and making use of a single ring.

2023, Progress In Electromagnetics Research C

In this paper, a compact multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO)/diversity antenna with WLAN band notch characteristics, high isolation, and good ECC suitable for portable ultra-wideband (UWB) applications is presented. The proposed antenna has optimized dimensions of 29 mm × 38 mm. The antenna consists of two orthogonal circular monopoles with a 50 Ω microstrip feed line. In addition, to enhance the impedance bandwidth, a fractal slot, created using Minkowski fractal geometry, is introduced into the ground plane, which is located on the other side of the substrate, just below the feed line. Good isolation (≥ 21.5 dB) with a fractional bandwidth up to 220% is achieved between antenna elements by introducing two ground stubs and a rectangular slot in the ground plane. A band-notch characteristic in the WLAN band is obtained by etching an elliptical split-ring resonator (ESRR) in the radiator. Moreover, a diversity performance of the antenna in terms of ECC (< 0.01) and capacity loss (< 0.3 b/s/Hz) is performed. This paper offers, for the first time, a combined effect of fractal geometry and ESRR geometry in an antenna design. Finally, a comparison of the proposed antenna is performed with the UWB MIMO/diversity antennas existing in the literature. These results show the suitability of the presented antenna for portable UWB systems.