Canonical Variate Analysis Research Papers (original) (raw)

2025, Anthropological Review

In recent years, the debate about the early human peopling of Sicily has almost exclusively focused on the archaeological evidence. The dispersal patterns and the possibility for, and degree of, admixture caused by ancient migratory flows have been only investigated in limited anthropological studies conducted on a short time spans. Recent craniofacial morphometric analyses that considered migratory flows and population influx have provided a more comprehensive approach. These analyses go beyond archaeologically based settlement hypotheses by merging previous archaeological evaluations and paleoclimatic studies with an anthropological approach. This study expands upon earlier morphometric work and provides an overview covering the period from the Upper Palaeolithic to the Iron Age. For this study, human skulls from Sicilian Prehistory and Protohistory were considered. These skulls were divided into six periods based on the dating of associated archaeological artifacts. Sample selection was based on a detailed bibliographic review of previously published archaeological and historical works. With the aim of associating the diachronic changes in cranial morphology with population migrations and admixture we performed a 3D geometric morphometrics (GM) comparative analysis. The data reported demonstrate that the first colonization of Sicily started during the Upper-Paleolithic when stable climatic conditions allowed hunter-gatherers to move from the Italian Peninsula to the island. Moreover, the results show a cyclical occupation of the land counterclockwise direction completed only with the hinterland colonization in the first historical periods with Greek and Punic colonization.

2025, Neurology Journals

Background: Clinical improvement with levodopa therapy for PD is associated with specific regional changes in cerebral glucose metabolism. However, it is unknown how these effects of treatment in the resting state relate to alterations in brain function that occur during movement. In this study, the authors used PET to assess the effects of levodopa on motor activation responses and determined how these changes related to on-line recordings of movement speed and accuracy. Methods: Seven right-handed PD patients were scanned with H 2 15 O/PET while performing a predictable paced sequence of reaching movements and while observing the same screen displays and tones. PET studies were performed during "on" and "off " states with an individually titrated constant rate levodopa infusion; movements were kinematically controlled across treatment conditions. Results: Levodopa improved "off " state UPDRS motor ratings (34%; p Ͻ 0.006) and movement time (18%; p ϭ 0.001). Spatial errors worsened during levodopa infusion (24%; p ϭ 0.02). Concurrent regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) recordings revealed significant enhancement of motor activation responses in the posterior putamen bilaterally (p Ͻ 0.001), left ventral thalamus (p Ͻ 0.002), and pons (p Ͻ 0.005). Movement time improvement with treatment correlated with rCBF increases in the left globus pallidus and left ventral thalamus (p Ͻ 0.01). By contrast, the increase in spatial errors correlated with rCBF increases in the cerebellar vermis (p Ͻ 0.01). Conclusion: These results suggest that levodopa infusion may improve aspects of motor performance while worsening others. Different components of the motor cortico-striato-pallido-thalamo-cortical loop and related pathways may underlie motor improvement and adverse motoric effects of levodopa therapy for PD.

2025

In neuroimaging studies of human cognitive abilities, brain activation patterns that include regions that are strongly interactive in response to experimental task demands are of particular interest. Among the existing network analyses, partial least squares (PLS; McIntosh, 1999; McIntosh, Bookstein, Haxby, & Grady, 1996) has been highly successful, particu-larly in identifying group differences in regional functional connectivity, including differences as diverse as those associated with states of aware-

2025, Trends in Agriculture Science

Soil Nematodes, minute worms that are not visible with naked eyes, are being recognized as a powerful signal of environmental change in a warming world. Soil nematodes are most abundant animals present in the soil and provide a fundamental role in nutrient cycling, organic matter decomposition, and ecosystem health. Recent studies have documented how rising global temperatures have altered nematode communities, with significant shifts in abundance, diversity, and behavioural changes providing strong indications of the cascading response to the climate change. Across the globe, warming has altered soil moisture, carbon stores, and plant biomass, disrupting nematode populations from arctic tundra to alpine meadows. Some nematode species thrive in conditions with higher temperatures, while many other declines, indicating major disruptions to soil food webs and populations that are critical for agricultural systems and biodiversity.

2025, Euphytica

The pollen grain surface morphology of two Red Delicious apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) sports, Aversang and Ultrared, and two Gala apple sports, Galalea and Splenola, were examined using scanning electron microscopy for genotype differentiation. Quantitative data on pollen dimensions, ridge patterns, and pore dimensions were extracted from micrographs using image analysis. Data were examined with analysis of variance, canonical variate

2025, Journal of Insect Physiology

The differences in composition of defensive secretions between nymphs, adult males and adult females of Chinavia impicticornis ( ¼ Acrosternum impicticorne), Chinavia ubica ( ¼ Acrosternum ubicum), Euschistus heros, Dichelops melacanthus and Piezodorus guildinii (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) were analysed within and between species using compositional log-ratio statistics and canonical variates analysis. Differences in composition between nymphs, males and females were found for all species, as well as when all species were pooled. In particular, tetradecanal appears to be a predominantly nymphal compound in D. melacanthus, E. heros and P. guildinii. In the two Chinavia species 4-oxo-(E)-2-hexenal and an unknown compound were more dominant in nymphs. The interspecific analysis revealed a good separation of defensive compounds according to their taxonomic relationship. Thus, the two Chinavia species grouped together, with (E)-2-decenal and (E)-2-hexenyl acetate, contributing to this separation. The other three species also differed from each other, with (E)-2-octenal associated to D. melacanthus, (E)-2-hexenal to P. guildinii and (E,E)-2,4-decadienal and tetradecanal to E. heros. The pooled analysis of stage ignoring species revealed tetradecanal and 4-oxo-(E)-2-decenal (tentative identification) strongly associated to nymphs. Thus, there are predictable differences between stages, and many of the differences are conserved between species. Consideration of these differences could prove to be important in understanding stink bug-natural enemy interactions, and in optimising biocontrol efforts.

2025, Journal of Evolutionary Biology

distinct subspecies of Gerris costuc form a contact zone extending from the Maritime to the Western Alps. Within this area canonical trend surface analysis revealed a geographic pattern of morphometric variation consistent with topography. From North to South, and from high to low elevation there was a transition from G. c. costue-like phenotypes to phenotypes resembling pure G. c. ,/ieheri. The same pattern was confirmed with canonical variate analysis not taking geographic location into account; it is therefore not an artifact of trend surface analysis. Comparisons of the pattern of morphometric variation of laboratory-reared offspring with the pattern of their parents sampled from natural populations show that geographic variation is mostly determined genetically. Intermediate individuals from field populations probably are natural hybrids between the two subspecies, because laboratory-reared hybrids were intermediate between the ofTspring of pure strains. We did not find increased morphometric variation within the contact zone. This suggests unimpeded introgression and is in contrast with an increase in size * Author for correspondence. 69X Largiadctr et al. variability that is predicted to be associated with a transition between uni-and bivoltine forms.

2025, Southern Hemisphere Forestry Journal

The Eurasian woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, causes considerable tree mortality in commercial pine plantations in southern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Broad-scale visual assessments of infestation provided by forest managers are currently used to measure forest health and vitality. The effectiveness of visual assessments is questionable because they are qualitative, subjective and dependent on the skill of the surveyor. Remote sensing technology provides a synoptic view of the canopy and thus offers an alternative to the conventional methods of monitoring forest health and vitality. In this study, high resolution (0.5 X 0.5m) digital multispectral imagery (DMSI) was acquired over commercial Pinus patula trees of varying age classes, which had been ground assessed and ranked on an individual tree crown basis using a severity scale. The severity scale was based on a hierarchy of decline symptoms that are visibly apparent on the infested tree and are represented in this study as the green, red and grey stages. A series of ratio-and linear-based vegetation indices were then calculated and compared to the different crown condition classes as determined by severity scale. Of the vegetation indices derived from the high-resolution DMSI, significant differences between the pre-visual (healthy and green stages) and visual (red and grey stages) crown condition classes were obtained. Canonical variate analysis further revealed that greater discriminatory power between the different crown condition classes is obtained when using the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI). Overall the study demonstrated the potential benefit of using high-resolution DMSI to discriminate between healthy trees and trees that were in the visual stage of infestation.

2025, International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry

Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is highly perishable due to its rapid browning and post-harvest decay, posing significant challenges in maintaining fruit quality during storage and transport. This review explores the latest advancements in packaging materials and chemical treatments aimed at extending the post-harvest life of litchi. Key packaging technologies, including modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and bio-based materials, are evaluated for their effectiveness in preserving freshness. Chemical treatments, such as the use of sulfur dioxide (SO2), edible coatings, and antioxidants, are also discussed for their roles in reducing browning and microbial spoilage. Integrating these approaches could offer sustainable solutions to prolong litchi shelf life while maintaining its nutritional and sensory properties.

2025, Computational Statistics & Data Analysis

Frequently multivariate experimental data taken over multiple occasions is found to produce a multivariate multi-table experiment. Neither the separate analysis of each occasion, using MANOVA or canonical variate analysis, nor the joint analysis using the STATIS-ACT methodology for multiple tables, are adequate to capture the real structure of the data matrices, since the first account for group structure but not time evolution and the second confuses the "between" and "within" group variabilities. A method baptized Canonical STATIS, based on STATIS-ACT methodology, is proposed. The method permits to account for data group structure as well as time evolution on the various occasions by obtaining common or stable canonical variates across multiple occasions or data sets. A simultaneous representation of groups, variables and occasions (biplot) is obtained, thereby widening the capabilities of classical methods.

2025, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research

The identification of nonlinear models for chemical processes solely from experimental data is described in this paper. The canonical variate analysis (CVA) technique that has served well in the identification of empirical linear process models is extended to construct data-based bilinear models in an iterative fashion. Numerous examples involving engineering systems are included to illustrate the practicality of the suggested approach for bilinear model identification. Finally, the use of the identified nonlinear models for control is demonstrated using the example of a simulated paper machine headbox system.

2024, Applied Geochemistry

The geochemistry of oxic sediments was contrasted across a range of Canadian aquatic ecosystems; 7 freshwater lakes, (3 circumneutral and 4 acidic), 15 peatlands (5 mineral-rich, 5 moderately-poor and 5 mineral-poor), 9 wetlands (3 oligosaline, 3 mesosaline and 3 euryhaline), an estuary (deposited and suspended sediments) and an intertidal region. Sediments were characterized by a simultaneous extraction that separated sediments into easily reducible (ER) metal (oxyhydroxides of Mn and easily reducible amorphous oxyhydroxides of Fe) and reducible (R) metal (more crystalline forms of oxyhydroxides of Fe), organic matter, and, the concentrations and partitioning of Zn, Cu and Cd associated with these 3 sediment components. Ecosystems were distinct with respect to ER Fe and organic matter [canonical variate analysis (CVA)] with 53% of among system variation in geochemistry attributed to these 2 components. Sediments of peatlands and wetlands contained greater amounts of organic matter whereas sediments of lakes, intertidal and estuarine deposited and suspended sediments were characterized by greater amounts of ER Fe. A further 21% of among system variation could be ascribed to organically bound Fe that was greater in acidic lakes and mineral-rich peatlands as compared to other systems. Concentration and partitioning of Cd within sediments was regionally dependent with 41% of among system variation (CVA) attributed to differences in ER Cd and R Cd. Cadmium from peatlands and lakes located in Ontario was recovered from all 3 sediment components whereas sediment from wetlands, the estuary and the intertidal regions of British Columbia (BC) contained no organically bound Cd with amounts recovered occurring mostly as ER Cd. Lakes and peatlands located in Ontario contained 3-5-fold total Cd as compared to ecosystems located in BC. A further 21% of among ecosystem variation was attributed to Zn partitioning. Zinc in peatland and wetland sediments occurred as R Zn as compared to lake and estuarine deposited sediments where Zn was recovered both as ER and R Zn. Total Zn was also 3-5-fold greater in sediments of systems in Ontario as compared to those sampled in BC. Concentration and partitioning of Cu was similar across all systems with Cu recovered from the organic component of sediment. The geochemistry of surficial oxic sediments with respect to ER Mn, R Fe and organic matter and the geochemical associations among these sediment components is ecosystem and region dependent. For assessing impacts of metals on sediment dwelling biota the geochemical characteristics of the system under study should first be defined.

2024, Euphytica

2024, Comunicata Scientiae

The São Francisco Valley, in Brazil, is a region with harvest of grapes more than once a year due to the peculiar climate condition, being important to evaluate new agronomic variables for the vines and elucidade its influence on wine quality and nutritional compounds. Syrah vines grafted on different rootstocks (IAC-313 and Paulsen 1103) were cultivated in semi-arid conditions in Petrolina, PE, Brazil, and the quality of the wine was evaluated for color, sugars, acidity, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and the presence and contents of eight biogenic amines by HPLC (putrescine (PUT) dihydrochloride, spermidine (SPD) trihydrochloride, spermine (SPM) tetrahydrochloride, agmatine (AGM) sulfate, cadaverine (CAD) dihydrochloride, serotonine (SRT) hydrochloride, histamine (HIM) dihydrochloride, tyramine (TYM), tryptamine (TRM) and 2-phenylethylamine (PHM) dihydrochloride). For total sugars, color and antocyanins content in the evaluated wines, no effect from the rootstock was observed. For the wine produced with grapes from Syrah wines grafted on Paulsen 1103 rootstock, was observed the presence of putrescine, agmatine and phenylethylamine with the contents of 8.04, 0.15 and 0.22 µg mL-¹, respectively. The use of the rootstock IAC-313 on Syrah vines at the São Francisco Valley semiarid conditions, Brazil, resulted in wines with a statistical lower pH and soluble solid contents and higher antioxidant activity and phenolic contents, with only the presence of putrescine of the studied biogenic amines.

2024

This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the novel wireless mouse page-turning laser pointer through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method and provide valuable reference information for designers. Firstly, the characteristics and functions of the novel wireless mouse page-turning laser pointer are introduced, and the basic principle and calculation steps of AHP are expounded. Secondly, through the construction of the AHP analysis model, determine the evaluation index system and hierarchical structure model, collect data through questionnaires and expert interviews, establish the judgment matrix and assign values, and then analyze the calculation results, including the ranking weights of the elements of the middle layer and the elements of the scheme layer on the decision target, as well as the consistency ratio and the maximum characteristic value of each index. Through sensitivity analysis, the objects faced by plans A, B, and C are determined. Finally, the research results are discussed, and suggestions for improvement and future research direction are put forward. This study provides an effective method for the evaluation of the novel wireless mouse page-turning laser pointer, which is helpful for designers to develop suitable products.

2024, Tulane studies in zoology and botany

A new species of darter of subgenus Oligocephalus, genus Etheostoma, is herein described relative to three similar and geographically proximal Oligocephalus-E. asprigene (Forbes), E. collettei Birdsong & Knapp, and E. swaini (Jordan)-largely confined to the Gulf Coastal Plain and the Central Lowlands of the eastern United States. The new species occurs in the Neches, Sabine and Calcasieu river systems of east Texas and western Louisiana. It is most closely related to E. asprigene. It differs from all of the above species primarily in having a longer spinous dorsal fin base and a narrower transpelvic width. Nuptial males of the new species differ in breeding coloration and have significantly shorter snouts and caudal peduncles, and narrower bodies than nuptial males of E. asprigene and other Oligocephalus compared. The new species is most similar to E. aprigene in physiognomy and body pigmentation.

2024

pela orientação, incentivo e dedicação. Aos membros da banca, doutores Heraldo Antônio Britski (USP) e Oscar Akio Shibata (UEL) pela disponibilidade em avaliar o trabalho. Aos amigos da Biblioteca Setorial do Nupélia, Salete e João, que sempre estiveram à total disposição em obter referências raras e tirar as demais dúvidas. À Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes), pela concessão da bolsa. Ao Ao Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (Nupélia) que forneceu todo apoio logístico das coletas dos exemplares depositados na Coleção Ictiológica do Nupélia, principalmente através do projeto "Biologia pesqueira e pesca na área de influência do APM Manso", no qual em convênio com Furnas Centrais Elétricas, efetuaram coletas mensais durante cinco anos. Pelo empréstimo de material agradecemos Osvaldo Oyakawa, Mário de Pinna e José Lima de Figueiredo (MZUSP), Carlos e Margarete Lucena (MCP), Oscar Shibatta (MZUEL), Francisco Langeani (DZSJRP) e Andrea Weiler (CZCEN). Aos amigos Fernando Carvalho (DZURFGS), Fernando Jerep (MCP), Marcelo Rocha (INPA) e Tiago Carvalho (ULFLT) pela análise dos tipos de H. guyanensis, H. lunatus, H. marginatus, H. matei, H. maxillaris, H. ocellifer, H. skolioplatus e H. tridens e pelas longas conversas que contribuíram com as principais conclusões deste trabalho. Gabriel Deprá (NUP), por todos os desenhos da vista frontal do pré-maxilar e vista lateral do maxilar e dentário. Héctor Alcaraz (MCP), que disponibilizou sua casa em Assunção e me ajudou durante minha visita ao

2024, Forest Ecology and Management

Regeneration characteristics and population dynamics of four major competing plants, trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), pin cherry (Prunus pensyluanica L.f.), green alder (Alnus viridis spp. crispa (Aiton) Turril) and beaked hazel (Corylus cornuta Marsh.) were studied from a seven-year-old clearcut in northwestern Ontario, Canada. The site was planted with jack pine two years after clearcutting. Regeneration strategies and population dynamics of these plants were studied by determining their crown diameter, stem density, stem height, stem age, depth of sprouting center, inter-sprout distance, oven-dry weight of shoots, roots plus rhizomes by nondestructive and destructive sampling. Stem density of trembling aspen and pin cherry in 1992 was 4580 and 3600 stems per ha respectively. Much higher stem density was obtained in green alder and beaked hazel during the same time, 27 580 and 14600 stems per ha respectively. Substantial reduction in stem density was recorded in trembling aspen (45%) and pin cherry (69%) over two years, 1992-1994. However, reduction in stem density of green alder and beaked hazel for that period was very little (6 and 2%, respectively). Comparison of species' clonal characteristics of above-and below-ground components indicates that trembling aspen and pin cherry possess similar vegetative regeneration strategies that differ from those of green alder and beaked hazel. Ordination of the results of canonical variate analysis of the eight vegetative parameters of the four species arranged the species into two significantly different groups. Based on species regeneration strategies, two potential competition strategies were identified: a vertical competition strategy (VCS) and a horizontal competition strategy (HCS). We argue that the degree and duration of competition can be predicted from the density and ratio of VCS and HCS plants on a site once sufficient empirical data on the species' competitive abilities are gathered. We suggest that future studies should relate the regeneration strategies, population dynamics and competitive abilities of competing plants to competition tolerance of crop trees. This will fine tune our prediction about species interaction based on the present model and better justify the need for vegetation control intervention.

2024

Insulin, an old but still actual molecule, has many roles in various cellular processes including bone formation and also angiogenesis. Insulin effects on different cell types were investigated, and we intended to check its effect on dental pulp cells (DPC) during osteoblast differentiation. First, bone differentiation ability of isolated dental pulp cells was assessed by alizarin red (AR) staining. Insulin increased dental pulp cell proliferation after 25 hours of culture. It increased mRNA expression of osteogenic markers such as Col1, RunX2, ALP, Osc, Mef2C and expression of genes involved in TGF b pathway such as Smad3, TSP1, VEGF at different time points.

2024

In this study, 13 different biotypes of Praon exsoletum were investigated based on selected morphological characteristics. The analysis of variance showed that P. exsoletum biotypes differ in many morphometric traits. Moreover, all biotypes displayed their maximum differences in six morphological characters as follows: (1) number of antennal segments; (2) tentorio-ocular distance/inter-tentorial; (3) length/width of ovipositor sheath; (4) length/width of second flagellar segment; (5) length/width of third flagellar segment and (6) number of longitudinal placodes on second flagellar segment. The discriminant function analysis indicated 45.23% of correct assignment of specimens to the a priori designated groups of specimens. The results indicated an overlapping of analyzed biotypes according to selected morphological characters. On the other hand, geometric morphometrics analysis applied on forewings, the size and the shape revealed statistically significant differences. Statistical a...

2024, BioData Mining

Background: When comparing diseased and non-diseased patients in order to discriminate between the aspects associated with the specific disease, it is often observed that the diseased patients have more variability than the non-diseased patients. In such cases Quadratic discriminant analysis is required which is based on the estimation of different covariance structures for the different groups. Having different covariance matrices means the Canonical variate transformation cannot be used to obtain a visual representation of the discrimination and group separation. Results: In this paper an alternative method is proposed: combining the different transformations for the different groups into a single representation of the sample points with classification regions. In order to associate the differences in variables with group discrimination, a biplot is produced which include information on the variables, samples and their relationship.

2024, Control Engineering Practice

The incorporation of a priori knowledge in process identification is discussed. Using a form of prefiltering, referred to here as data extraction, the effects of dynamics known a priori are removed from available input/output process data. The resulting information is then used to identify the remaining unknown process dynamics. This approach to system identification has important advantages-particularly with regard to noise sensitivity, the necessary amount of excitation, and the complexity of the model to be estimated. The data-extraction method in its nonlinear version is applied in simulations and to actual data from a bench-scale and an industrial process.

2024

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is in close contact with the diseased areas in neurological disorders and is therefore an important source of material in the search for molecular biomarkers. CSF is withdrawn from patients in a clinical setting where sample handling might not always be adequate in view of proteomic and metabolomic studies. We therefore initiated a combined proteomics and metabolomics study of the impact of time delay between sampling and freezing of CSF samples. We left CSF for 0, 30 and 120 min at room temperature after sample collection and subsequent centrifugation/removal of cell pellet. We analyzed the CSF samples at five separate laboratories using five different analytical platforms: Proteome analysis with nanoLC Orbitrap-MS/MS and chipLC QTOF-MS after tryptic digestion; metabolome analysis with NMR and GC-MS; and amino acid analysis with LC-MS. Our results show that changes in the metabolome and proteome of human CSF left at room temperature after centrifugation are minor compared to the biological variation between the samples. The delayed storage at room temperature resulted in few but statistically significant changes in the proteome and metabolome. We detected two non-identified peptides as well as one metabolite; 2,3,4-trihydrobutanoic acid, that changed significantly. With the applied analysis strategies the proteome/metabolome profile of centrifuged, human CSF with all cells removed proved to be rather stable even when stored at room temperature for up to two hours. This gives the laboratory personnel at the collection site time to aliquot samples before freezing and storage at -80 °C.

2024, Disease Markers

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is the result of an interruption of the local circulation and the injury of vascular supply of bone. Multiple factors have been implicated in the development of the disease. However the mechanism of ischemia and necrosis in non-traumatic ONFH is not clear. The aim of our investigation was to identify genes that are differently expressed in ONFH vs. non-ONFH human bone and to describe the relationships between these genes using multivariate data analysis. Six bone tissue samples from ONFH male patients and 8 bone tissue samples from non-ONFH men were examined. The expression differences of selected 117 genes were analyzed by TaqMan probe-based quantitative real-time RT-PCR system. The significance test indicated marked differences in the expression of nine genes between ONFH and non-ONFH individuals. These altered genes code for collagen molecules, an extracellular matrix digesting metalloproteinase, a transcription factor, an adhesion molecul...

2024, Food Quality and Preference

The objective of this study was to propose a rapid method for obtaining sensory descriptions of foods utilizing semi-trained judges and the quantitative evaluation of sensory attributes, called the Optimized Descriptive Profile (ODP). It was proposed that reference materials be present during final evaluation of the products. Therefore the judges could compare samples with the reference materials, facilitating the allocation of attribute intensity on the unstructured scale. The description obtained by the ODP was compared with the Conventional Profile (CP). Comparative analyses were made between the graphical representations obtained by the Principal Components Analysis (PCA), t-test and correlation analysis. Correlation between sensory measurements obtained by both methods and the instrumental texture measurements was also evaluated. The proposed methodology provided a sensory profile that was very similar to that of the evaluation trained panel (CP) in relation to the graphical configuration of the samples and the correlation of attributes with the principal components. Results of the sensory description presented significant correlation without significant differences according to the t-test at the probability level of 0.10. Sensory data obtained by the CP and ODP presented significant correlation (p < 0.10) with the instrumental properties of texture. The proposed descriptive analysis thus has the potential to quantitatively report sensory attributes, reducing the time and cost of sensory tests and facilitating the correlation of sensory and instrumental measurements.

2024, Russian Journal of Genetics

⎯Excessive hormone secretion during hypercorticism and acromegaly results in significant disturbances in bone remodeling, decrease in bone quality, and bone fractures following small traumas. However, the mechanisms of the development of such changes are not clear. In the present study, we examined specimens of bone tissue from patients with endogenous hypercorticism (increased cortisol secretion) and acromegaly (increased growth hormone secretion) obtained during transnasal adenomectomy. Our main purpose was to analyze the expression of genes responsible for osteogenesis in the bone tissue specimens from patients with hypercorticism and acromegaly, targeting an assessment of pathogenetic aspects associated with bone complications. The study included 19 specimens of bone tissue from patients with pituitary tumors (samples with acromegaly, Cushing disease, and inactive pituitary adenomas; the latter served as a control group). We revealed 14 genes (ACP5,

2024

Participants of banking industry are noticeably increased in Bangladesh. To do sustainable banking business they are very much dependent on their customers. In banking industry, customers are not only the source of deposit but also the source of income. It is the research that focuses on attributes that have influences on customers’ choice about banks especially for northern region of Bangladesh. Data were collected with the help of a structured questionnaire which comprise total 35 attributes within five dimensions. Mean scores of every attributes indicate modern equipment and technologies, security arrangement of bank, secure feeling in financial transaction, honesty and trustworthiness of staff, and confidentiality of account information as five most important factors. In other hand five least important factors are enlarged operation hours, parking facilities, recommended by friends or relatives, sponsorships for extracurricular activities, and remittance service. These results a...

2024, Advances in data analysis and classification

The Sign Covariance Matrix is an orthogonal equivariant estimator of multivariate scale. It is often used as an easy-to-compute and highly robust estimator. In this paper we propose a k-step version of the Sign Covariance Matrix, which improves its efficiency while keeping the maximal breakdown point. If k tends to infinity, Tyler's M-estimator is obtained. It turns out that even for very low values of k, one gets almost the same efficiency as Tyler's M-estimator.

2024, Comunicata Scientiae

A quantidade de nutrientes importantes para a avaliação dos bulbos deve ser utilizada para definir a quantidade de nutrientes do solo, meio de programas de adubação. Os diferentes estudos para verificar o acúmulo de nutrientes nos bulbos de cebola em função de aplicação de objetivo em estádios fenológicos. As épocas foram realizadas em sistema convencional, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema de fato 2 x 5 x 2, com duas cultivares (Dulciana e Vulkana), em cinco aplicações de aplicação de S (Testemunha; Transplantio; estádio de 6 a 7 folhas; tecnologia de meditação plena dos bulbos e cultivo com quatro) e Após a cura escolheram-se quatro (4) bulbos de cada tratamento, um por repetição de experimentos comerciais foram feitos por 20 bulbos provenientes de experimentos de campo, os quais foram identificados de cada um deles e levados a um laboratório de nutrientes. Posteriormente, determinou-se a quantidade acumulada no bulbo do teor de cada nutriente no tecido. A aduba...

2024, Biological Trace Element Research

The effects of boron on the formation and maintenance of mineralized structures at the molecular level are still not clearly defined. Thus, a study was conducted using MC3T3-E1 cells to determine whether boron affected mRNA expressions of genes associated with bone/alveolar bone formation around the teethMC3T3-E1 (clone 4) cells were cultured in media treated with boric acid at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 10, 100, or 1000 ng/ml. Total RNAs of each group were isolated on day 3. Gene expression profiles were determined by using RT 2 Profiler PCR micro-array that included 84 genes associated with osteogenic differentiation. Tuftelin1 mRNA expression was upregulated by all boron treatments. The upregulation was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR using the tuftelin probe. While 100 ng/ml had no effect on the integrin-α2 (Itga2) transcript and 1 ng/ml boric acid induced Itga2 mRNA expression (2.1-fold), 0.1, 10, and 1000 ng/ml boric acid downregulated the integrin-α2 gene transcript 2.2-, 1.5-, and 2.1-fold respectively. While 0.1 ng/ml boric acid induced BMP6, increased BMP1r mRNA expression (1.5 fold) was observed in 1000 ng/ml boric acid treatment. The findings suggest that boron affects the regulation of the tuftelin1 gene in osteoblastic cells. Further studies are needed to establish that the beneficial actions of boron on alveolar bone and tooth formation and maintenance include an effect on the expression of the tuftelin1 gene.

2024, Escaping From Predators

2024, Plant Growth Regulation

Gametoclonal variation that occurs in gametic cells in culture and is recovered in their regenerated derivatives has not been reported in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Based on a set of 24 differentiating phenotypic traits, canonical variates analysis genetically distinguished the androgenic (di)haploid (2n = 2x = 24) D4 from its tetraploid (2n = 4x = 48) anther-derived sibs and anther donor JTH/C-107. Nuclear microsatellite analysis over six polymorphic loci indicated that meiotic rearrangements and mutant alleles were primarily associated with the release of gametoclonal variation. The incidence of null alleles in D4 at the loci STACCAS3 and STM0031 was also indicative of mutations occurring within the priming sequence. Microsatellite results were supported by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assays that characterized a total of 567 loci (bins) representing 4,258 amplified fragments. Sixty-five new RAPDs that were absent in the anther donor and in either of its parents, viz., S. phureja Juz. & Buk. IVP-35 and S. tuberosum cv. Kufri Jyoti were present in D4, indicating the occurrence of extensive recombinational events. The results have been discussed in the context of microsatellite null alleles providing the most conclusive evidence for gametoclonal variation. Keywords Androgenic (di)haploid Á Canonical variates Á Gametoclonal variation Á Microsatellites Á Null alleles Á Potato Á RAPD Á Solanum tuberosum L. Abbreviations CVA Canonical variates analysis PCR Polymerase chain reaction RAPD Random amplified polymorphic DNA SSR Simple sequence repeat UPGMA Unweighted pair-group method arithmetic average Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (

2024, Clinical Immunology

The functional interaction between the immune system and bone metabolism has been established at both molecular and cellular levels. We have used non-parametric and multidimensional expression pattern analyses to determine significantly changed mRNA profile of immune system-associated genes in postmenopausal osteoporotic (OP) vs. non-osteoporotic (NOP) bone tissue. Seven bone tissue samples from OP patients and ten bone tissue samples from NOP women were examined in our study. The transcription differences of selected 44 genes were analyzed in Taqman probe-based quantitative real-time RT-PCR system. Mann-Whitney test indicated significantly down-regulated transcription activity of 3 genes (FCGR2A, NFKB1 and SCARA3) in OP bone tissue which have prominent role in (antibody) clearance, phagocytosis, pathogen recognition and inflammatory response. According to the canonical variates analysis results, the groups of postmenopausal OP and NOP women are separable by genes coding for cytokines, co-stimulators and cell surface receptors affected in innate immunity which have high discriminatory power. Based on the complex gene expression patterns in human bone cells, we could distinguish OP and NOP states from an immunological aspect. Our data may provide further insights into the changes of the intersystem crosstalk between the immune and skeletal systems, as well as into the local immune response in the altered microenvironment of OP bone.

2024, Lebanese Science Journal

Oak forest decline is a complex problem that it has started for a long time ago in the world. This problem is widelyspread because of lacking of efficient and reliable facilitiesfor monitoring these forests. In this research, the pattern of spatial-temporal distribution and decline of Iranian Oak stands in the Bashtforest wasmonitored using remote sensing. The area of study is located in the provinces of Kohgilouyeh and Boyer Ahmad in Iran. After selecting the study area,forest visitswere carried out and samples of dead trees were collected. Based ontheoak crown declineattack, the forest wasdivided into four categories: low (crown dieback 20-0 percent), medium (between 40-20% of crown dieback), high (between 60-40%) and severe (more than 60% crown dieback). The geographical locations of the harvested trees wererecorded using global positioning system (GPS). In order to determine the most appropriate vegetation index, root mean square error (RMSE) for 12 vegetation indiceswere calcul...

2024, Journal of Evolutionary Biology

Contemporary approaches that use fluctuating asymmetry (FA) as a possible target for natural and sexual selection are based on the premise that FA is a quantifiable expression of developmental instability (DI) that is inherited. Previous work with Drosophila buzzatii found that male mating success was correlated positively to body size (wing length) and negatively to FA, but these relationships seem to be environmentally induced. Heritability of FA was low and not significantly different from zero, but statistical power was also estimated to be very low and, hence, no conclusive evidence could be obtained. A large half‐sib mating design is used here to examine the relationships of different aspects of development for wing size. Consistently with previous findings, I found high heritabilities for wing length (WL) and wing width (WW), and positive correlations between both traits. Heritabilities of FA (FAWL, FAWW) were low (0.037) but significantly different from zero, and the geneti...

2024

In this study, the otolith morphology of yellowtail snapper (Ocyurus chrysurus) was used for stock identification based on different shape analyses viz. morphometric parameters with shape indices, Elliptical Fourier descriptors (EFD), wavelet transform (WT), and landmarks. The samples were collected from Fortaleza (Ceará) and Recife (Pernambuco) in the coastal waters of Brazil to identify stocks and determine the best method for stock discrimination of O. chrysurus. The result showed no significant difference between these two regions which was supported by the Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). To select the best discrimination methods a correct classification through jack-knifed and Wilks' λ test was performed. The morphometric parameters with shape indices showed a correct classification of 25% and the landmark method's correct classification was 33.1%. These two methods had a lower correct classification than the otolith contouring methods (EFD = 42.3% and WT = 43.5%). Also, the Wilks' λ test showed lower power discrimination for morphometric with shape indices and landmark method (λ= 0.904 and λ= 0.808, respectively), in comparison with the two contouring methods (EFD λ = 0.688 and WT λ = 0.601). These results indicate that the most suitable methods for observing small variations in O. chrysurus otoliths can be EFD and WT.

2024

Rosenling, A. T. I. (2010). Proteomic screening of cerebrospinal fluid: Candidate proteomic biomarkers for sample stability and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. University of Groningen.

2024, GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016

Brachiopods and their long loops • One of the most diverse and abundant marine invertebrates in the fossil record. • The loop is a calcareous structure that supports the lophophore. • Important morphological character.-Phylogeny, taxonomy, ontogeny Terebratalia transversa Cardinalia Loop Cardinal process Socket ridges Outer hinge plates Crura + crural processes Descending branch Ascending branch Transverse band Connecting band (horizontal) Septum

2024, Food Quality and Preference

Odour sensory pro®ling of 28 associations of cheese ripening microorganisms was performed by two panels of 10 assessors on two dierent sites. Sample preparation, training protocols and references, tasting procedures and scoring were similar in the two laboratories. Panel 2 used 10 attributes and panel 1 used these terms plus 4 extra descriptors. Analysis of variance and multivariate methods (canonical variate analysis, generalised procrustes analysis and STATIS) exhibited dierences between assessors within a panel and between panels concerning the use of the scoring scale and the strength of product discrimination by attribute. Panel 1 was more sensitive to fruity notes and panel 2 to sulphury odours. However, a good overlap in the separate and pooled analyses suggested the same sample clustering in three main groups and showed that the 2 panels gave consistent results.

2024, Evolution

Microgeographic variation of the vegetarian lizard Gal/otia gal/oti within the island of Tenerife is described using univariate analysis, correlation, multiple group principal component analysis, canonical analysis, transects, and contours. The size varies locally in a mosaic pattern while head shape shows a WNW-ESE dine in the south. The scalation (scale and femoral pore counts) has two facets to its geographic variation, both of which are incongruent with the primary variation in the size and shape. The scalation shows categorical variation (stepped cline) between northern and southern populations and also a strong clinal relationship with altitude. The possible causes of this variation are considered and adaptation to current ecological conditions appears to be implicated for at least the altitudinal variation, although the pertinent factors are not obvious. It is apparent that vertebrate populations distributed across small islands do not necessarily offer the advantage ofa discrete homogeneous unit for evolutionary studies but can offer the opportunity for studying microgeographic variation.

2024, Evolution

2023, Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine

We studied changes in the bone tissue in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma at the onset of the disease (N=41; before chemotherapy) and 5-16 years after the end of treatment (N=47). Osteodensitometry, biochemical markers of osteoporosis in the blood and urine, and gene expression in multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells were analyzed. In multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells of all patients, the expression of genes associated with bone and cartilage differentiation (FGF2, FGFR1, FGFR2, BGLAP, SPP1, TGFB1, and SOX9) was changed. In primary patients, the ratio of deoxypyridinoline/creatinine in the urine and blood level of β-cross-laps were increased, while plasma concentration of vitamin D was reduced, which indicates activation of bone resorption. No differences between the groups were revealed by osteodensitometry. No direct relationship between changes in gene expression in multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells and osteoporosis markers was found. The presence of a tumor in the body affects the bone marrow stroma, but achievement of remission and compensatory mechanisms provide age-appropriate condition of the bone tissue.

2023, Frontiers in Physiology

FasL is a well-known actor in the apoptotic pathways but recent reports have pointed to its important novel roles beyond cell death, as observed also for bone cells. This is supported by non-apoptotic appearance of FasL during osteogenesis and by significant bone alterations unrelated to apoptosis in FasL deficient (gld) mice. The molecular mechanism behind this novel role has not yet been revealed. In this report, intramembranous bone, where osteoblasts differentiate directly from mesenchymal precursors without intermediary chondrogenic step, was investigated. Mouse mandibular bone surrounding the first lower molar was used as a model. The stage where a complex set of bone cells (osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts) is first present during development was selected for an initial examination. Immunohistochemical staining detected FasL in non-apoptotic cells at this stage. Further, FasL deficient vs. wild type samples subjected to osteogenic PCR Array analysis displayed a significantly decreased expression of Mmp2 in gld bone. To examine the possibility of this novel FasL-Mmp2 relationship, intramembranous bonederived osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1) were treated with anti-FasL antibody or rmFasL. Indeed, the FasL neutralization caused a decreased expression of Mmp2 and rmFasL added to the cells resulted in the opposite effect. Since Mmp2 −/− mice display agedependent alterations in the intramembranous bone, early stages of gld mandibular bone were examined and age-dependent phenotype was confirmed also in gld mice. Taken together, the present in vivo and in vitro findings point to a new non-apoptotic function of FasL in bone development associated with Mmp2 expression.

2023, Iheringia. Série Zoologia

Nove espécies novas de Rineloricaria do alto e médio rio Uruguai são descritas nos Estados do Rio Grande do Sul e Santa Catarina, Brasil. Rineloricaria misionera Rodriguez & Miquelarena, 2005 é a única espécie atualmente conhecida desta bacia. As novas espécies são diagnosticadas principalmente pela disposição das placas no abdome, padrão de colorido, extensão da área nua anterior no focinho e comprimento das nadadeiras. As espécies aqui descritas são endêmicas do rio Uruguai. Rineloricaria anitae e R. tropeira são restritas aos afluentes dos rios Canoas e Pelotas; R. zaina é amplamente distribuída da confluência dos rios Canoas com o rio Pelotas até o rio Ibicuí; R. anhanguapitan é restrita a bacia do Passo Fundo; R. capitonia ocorre no alto rio Ijuí; R. stellata é conhecida dos rios Buricá, Ijuí, Piratini e Ibicuí; R. setepovos e R. reisi são descritas do rio Piratini e R. sanga é conhecida apenas dos arredores do município de Iraí. São apresentados comentários sobre a diversidade...

2023, Water

Bacteria produce many kinds of volatile compounds throughout their lifecycle. Identifying these volatile compounds can help to understand bacterial interactions with the host and/or other surrounding pathogens of the same or different species. Some commonly used techniques to detect these volatile compounds are GC and/or LC coupled to mass spectrometric techniques. However, these methods can sometimes become challenging owing to tedious sample preparation steps. Thus, identifying an easier method to detect these volatile compounds was investigated in the present study. Here, Membrane-inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) provided a facile low-impact alternative to the existing strategies. MIMS was able to differentiate between the pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacterial strains, implying that it can be used as a bioprocess monitoring tool to analyze water samples from either water treatment plants or biotechnological industries.

2023, Analytical Chemistry

A new method "optbnal mlnhnal neurahetwork lnterpretatbn of rp.ctra" (OMNIS) based on prlnclpal component analyris and arttlklal neural networks Is presented. OMNIS Is useful whenever spectra are measured for the purpose of classiflcation or quantitative determlnatlon. The spectra can be vlrlble light, near-hrtrared (NIR) llght, sound, or any ofher large amount of correlated data. OMNIS la unlque In several respects: It employs prlnclpal component analysis as a preprocessor to a neural network. The neural network contains dlrect connectlons from Input to ouput ensuring that OMNIS k a true generallzatlon of PCR (prlnclpal component regression). The neural network size Is optbnlzed so that the rewltlng solution contalne the mlnlmwn of connections necessary to Interpret the data. Cross validation k used syye twnatlcally to optimize the network. OMNIS le bared on recent lndghts In neural network rerearch showlng that de-Ilberate search for the minimum network compatibk with the data k a unlque way of obtalnlng the optimal generallzetlon ablllty. As a reoUn OMNIS gives the beet cross valklatbn. In canparkon, wlth PCR and PLS (partlal kast squares) on two NIR calbratbn data sets, OMNIS k demonstrated to reduce the standard error of predlctlon by 50 % to 75 % .